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Abstract Sjogren’s disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized not only by the sicca symptoms it causes but also by its systemic nature, which is capable of several and not yet fully understood extraglandular manifestations. To gain a clearer understanding of these manifestations as well as a better practical approach, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of epidemiologic and clinical features of the extraglandular manifestations present in ESSDAI (EULAR Sjogren´s syndrome disease activity index), followed by a voting panel with recommendations for clinical practice. This publication is complementary to others already published and covers cutaneous and hematological manifestations, with prevalence data generated by a meta-analysis of 13 clinical or laboratory manifestations and 6 clinical management recommendations. Sjogrens Sjogren s SjD (SjD nature approach metaanalysis meta analysis EULAR index, index , index) practice 1

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-024-00391-x

Recommendations for evaluation and diagnosis of extra-glandular manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome: results of an epidemiologic systematic review/ meta-analysis and a consensus guideline from the Brazilian society of rheumatology (hepatic, gastrointestinal and pancreatic)
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Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

; Pinheiro, Aysa César

; Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Fernandes, Marilena Leal Mesquita Silvestre

; Pugliesi, Alisson

; Pasoto, Sandra Gofinet

; Lopes, Maria Lucia Lemos

; Guedes, Lissiane Karine Noronha

; Miyamoto, Samira Tatiyama

; Santos, Laura Caldas dos

; Appenzeller, Simone

; Fidelix, Tania

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio

; Brito, Danielle Christinne Soares Egypto de

; Libório-Kimura, Tatiana Nayara

; Santos, Maria Carmen Lopes Ferreira Silva

; Cantali, Diego Ustárroz

; Gennari, Juliana D.’Agostino

; Capobianco, Karina Gatz

; Civile, Vinicius Tassoni

; Pinto, Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes

; Rocha, Aline Pereira da

; Rocha Filho, César Ramos

; Oliveira, Fabiola Reis

; Valim, Valeria

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 35

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, some systemic manifestations, mainly liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic are not routinely evaluated. To address these manifestations, the Sjögren's Syndrome Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a broad systematic review of the literature on studies investigating prevalence and diagnosis of these symptoms in Sjogren´s patients and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. This is the second part of this guideline, providing 6 recommendations for liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic care of SS patients.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00267-y

Recommendations for evaluation and diagnosis of extra-glandular manifestations of primary sjogren syndrome: results of an epidemiologic systematic review/ meta-analysis and a consensus guideline from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (articular, pulmonary and renal)
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Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

; Pugliesi, Alisson

; Pasoto, Sandra Gofinet

; Lopes, Maria Lucia Lemos

; Guedes, Lissiane Karine Noronha

; Miyamoto, Samira Tatiyama

; Fernandes, Marilena Leal Mesquita Silvestre

; Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Pinheiro, Aysa César

; Santos, Laura Caldas dos

; Appenzeller, Simone

; Fidelix, Tania

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio

; Brito, Danielle Christinne Soares Egypto de

; Libório-Kimura, Tatiana Nayara

; Santos, Maria Carmen Lopes Ferreira Silva

; Cantali, Diego Ustárroz

; Gennari, Juliana D’Agostino

; Civile, Vinicius Tassoni

; Pinto, Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes

; Rocha-Filho, César Ramos

; Oliveira, Fabiola Reis

; Rocha, Aline Pereira da

; Valim, Valeria

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 18

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, these systemic manifestations are not routinely evaluated and there is no homogenous approach to their diagnosis or evaluation. To close this gap, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of epidemiologic and clinical features of these manifestations and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. The first part of this guideline summarizes the most important topics, and 11 recommendations are provided for the articular, pulmonary, and renal care of SS patients.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00248-1

Recommendations from the Brazilian society of rheumatology for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (Part I): glandular manifestations (systematic review)
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Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

; Pasoto, Sandra Gofinet

; Fernandes, Marilena Leal Mesquita Silvestre

; Lopes, Maria Lucia Lemos

; Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Pinheiro, Aysa César

; Santos, Laura Caldas dos

; Appenzeller, Simone

; Fidelix, Tania

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lucia Euzébio

; Brito, Danielle Christinne Soares Egypto de

; Libório, Tatiana

; Santos, Maria Carmen Lopes Ferreira Silva

; Tanure, Leandro

; Gennari, Juliana D Agostino

; Civile, Vinicius Tassoni

; Pinto, Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes

; Oliveira, Fabiola Reis

; Sousa, Jaqueline Martins de

; Miyamoto, Samira Tatiyama

; Valim, Valeria

Advances in Rheumatology

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2019, Volume 59 elocation 58

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic immune-mediated disease whose main characteristic is exocrine gland inflammation and, subsequent reduction in tear and saliva production. A delayed diagnosis is common due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations of disease. The aim of the present study was to develop recommendations for the diagnosis of glandular manifestations of pSS based on evidence and expert opinion. Main body of the abstract: We conducted a systematic literature review to retrieve the best evidence available on the accuracy of diagnostic tests for pSS. We also held two in-person meetings with experts (rheumatologists, pathologists, ophthalmologists and dentists) to establish their level of agreement using the Delphi method. Ultimately, we generated 18 recommendations that aim to facilitate the diagnosis of the glandular manifestations of pSS. Conclusion: The diagnosis of glandular manifestations of pSS is complex and multidisciplinary. It requires specific knowledge in the field of ophthalmology, immunology, pathology and imaging, making it compulsory for the rheumatologist to work with professionals from these different areas in order to improve accuracy and early diagnosis. Glandular dysfunction tests, ANA, RF, Anti-Ro, protein electrophoresis, urinalysis, blood count, C-Reactive protein, complement, testing for syphilis and viruses (HCV, HIV) and SGUS should be investigated when dryness or systemic manifestation are present. Minor salivary gland biopsy is recommended for all anti-Ro negative or incomplete criteria cases.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-019-0102-8 878 downloads

Aterosclerose subclínica em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante: há um papel para a inflamação?
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Valente, Renato Leandro Mattar

; Valente, Jamil Mattar

; Castro, Gláucio Ricardo Werner de

; Zimmermann, Adriana Fontes

; Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Pereira, Ivânio Alves

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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oct 2013, Volume 53 N. 5 Pages 377 - 381

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência de aterosclerose subclínica em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante (EA) em comparação com controles com fatores de risco cardiovasculares similares. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutados 42 pacientes consecutivos com EA e 42 controles equiparados para idade (43,3 ± 11,7 vs. 43,7 ± 11,3, P = 0,89), gênero, tabagismo, diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial. Qualquer participante seria excluído se estivesse presente uma história pessoal de doença cardiovascular (CV). Foi preenchido um questionário registrando dados demográficos e histórias médica e de medicação. Foram determinados: pressão arterial, circunferência abdominal, altura e peso. O perfil lipídico foi determinado em uma amostra de sangue com 12 horas em jejum. Foi realizada uma análise ultrassonográfica da artéria carótida comum por um observador desconhecedor da pesquisa. Foi medida a distância entre a interface lúmen-íntima e a borda de ataque da interface média-adventícia (EIM) e os participantes também foram avaliados para presença de placas. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa dos fatores de risco demográficos e cardiovasculares entre pacientes com EA e controles não revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Também não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grupos para TC, HDL-C, T-C/ HDL-C, LDL-C, triglicerídeos ou frequência de dislipidemia. As medidas de EIM não foram diferentes em EA e controles (0,62 ± 0,09 vs. 0,61 ± 0,09, P = 0,39) e nem as frequências de placas (19% vs. 17%, P = 0,78). CONCLUSÕES: A aterosclerose subclínica avaliada por meio de imagens ultrassonográficas da carótida não foi mais prevalente no grupo EA, em comparação com os controles com riscos cardiovasculares similares. Nossas observações podem implicar que os fatores de risco CV podem ter mais influência no sistema CV versus a própria EA. Esses achados devem ser confirmados em uma população maior, por meio de um estudo prospectivo.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in comparison to controls with similar cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive patients with AS and 42 controls matched for age (43.3 ± 11.7 vs. 43.7 ± 11.3, P = 0.89), gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension were enrolled. Participants were excluded if a personal cardiovascular disease (CV) history was present. A questionnaire recording demographic data, medical and medication history was fulfilled. Blood pressure, abdominal circumference, height and weight were measured. Lipid profile was determined in a 12-hour fastened blood sample. Ultrasound analysis of the common carotid artery was performed by one blind observer. The distance between the lumen-intima interface and the leading edge of the media-adventitia interface (IMT) was measured and participants were also evaluated for the presence of plaques. RESULTS: The comparative analysis of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors between AS patients and controls did not reveal statistically significant differences. Also, no significant differences between groups were observed for TC, HDL-C, T-C/HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, or dyslipidemia frequency. IMT measures were not different in AS and controls (0.62 ± 0.09 vs. 0.61 ± 0.09, P = 0.39) as well as plaques frequencies (19% vs. 17%, P = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical atherosclerosis assessed through carotid ultrasound imaging was not more prevalent in the AS group when compared to controls with similar cardiovascular risks. Our observations may imply that CV risk factors may have more influence on the CV system than AS itself. These findings should be confirmed in a larger population with a prospective study design.

3365 downloads

Lesões destrutivas da linha média induzidas por cocaína com ANCA positivo mimetizando a granulomatose de Wegener
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Stahelin, Letícia

; Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Neves, Fabrício Souza

; Junckes, Larissa

; Werner de Castro, Gláucio Ricardo

; Pereira, Ivânio Alves

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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jun 2012, Volume 52 N. 3 Pages 434 - 437

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O uso crônico de cocaína por inalação pode causar lesões destrutivas de linha média (LDLMIC), que podem ser difíceis de distinguir das lesões da granulomatose de Wegener (GW) nos ouvidos, nariz e garganta. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 43 anos admitida com história de dois anos de obstrução nasal e rinorreia. Ela havia recebido o diagnóstico de GW há cinco meses e estava em tratamento com prednisona e ciclofosfamida. Ao exame físico apresentava perfuração de septo nasal e palato. Exames de laboratório mostraram elevação das proteínas de fase aguda e teste p-ANCA positivo. Ensaios ELISA antiproteinase 3 e mieloperoxidase foram negativos. Tomografia computadorizada (TC) dos seios paranasais mostrou destruição de septo nasal e palato, bem como sinusite maxilar bilateral. TC de tórax resultou normal. Biópsia da mucosa nasal revelou infiltrado inflamatório sem granuloma ou vasculite. Quando questionada, admitiu ser usuária de cocaína há cinco anos. Os imunossupressores foram suspensos e a paciente não mais fez uso da droga. Ela está sendo monitorada há seis meses e não desenvolveu novas lesões ou sintomas de outros órgãos. O diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes com LDLMIC pode ser desafiador. A avaliação deve incluir pesquisa de uso intranasal de cocaína. Embora o teste de ANCA não diferencie claramente o ANCA encontrado em alguns pacientes com LDLMIC daqueles em pacientes com GW, o envolvimento localizado e os achados de biópsia não típicos de vasculite granulomatosa de pequenos vasos devem ser reconhecidos como características das lesões induzidas por cocaína.

Chronic use of cocaine by inhalation may induce midline destructive lesions (CIMDL), which can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from the ear, nose and throat lesions of Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG). We describe the case of a 43-year-old female patient admitted with a two-year history of nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. She had been diagnosed with WG for five months, being on prednisone and cyclophosphamide. On her physical examination, perforation of her nasal septum and palate was observed. Laboratory tests showed elevated acute phase proteins and a positive p-ANCA test. ELISA assays anti-proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase were negative. The paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) showed destruction of the nasal septum and palate, in addition to bilateral maxillary sinusitis. Chest CT was normal. Nasal mucosal biopsy revealed an inflammatory infiltrate, with neither granuloma nor vasculitis. When questioned, she admitted being a cocaine user for five years. Medical therapy and cocaine use were withdrawn. She has been followed up for six months and no other lesion or other organ symptoms occurred. Differential diagnosis in patients with midline destructive lesions can be very challenging. Evaluation should include enquiry about intranasal use of cocaine. Although ANCA testing does not clearly differentiate the ANCA found in some patients with CIMDL from those found in WG patients, the localized involvement and the biopsy findings non-characteristic of small vessel granulomatous vasculitis should be recognized as features for cocaine-induced lesions.

40412 downloads

Micofenolato mofetil na síndrome de Sjögren primária: uma opção para o tratamento da agranulocitose
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Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Bergamaschi, Samuel

; Neves, Fabrício Souza

; Zimmermann, Adriana Fontes

; Castro, Gláucio Ricardo Werner de

; Pereira, Ivânio Alves

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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apr 2012, Volume 52 N. 2 Pages 297 - 299

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A síndrome de Sjögren (SS) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada pela presença de infiltrado linfocítico nas glândulas salivares e lacrimais. Manifestações hematológicas da síndrome de Sjögren primária (SSp) geralmente consistem em anemia leve, trombocitopenia, neutropenia moderada e linfopenia. Agranulocitose é raramente descrita e, em geral, responde bem ao tratamento de imunossupressão. Neste trabalho, descrevemos o caso de uma paciente portadora de SSp que apresentou quadro de agranulocitose refratária ao tratamento. A biópsia de medula revelou medula óssea hipocelular com maturação normal da série granulocítica. A paciente foi sucessivamente tratada com prednisona em altas doses, fator estimulador de colônia de macrófagos e ciclosporina, todos sem resposta hematológica. Micofenolato mofetil (MMF) foi iniciado, e após dois meses houve aumento na contagem das células brancas. Após um ano de seguimento a paciente não apresentou novos episódios de neutropenia, nem complicações infecciosas. Concluímos que, na agranulocitose refratária associada à SSp, o tratamento com MMF pode ser uma opção eficaz e bem tolerada.

The Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands. Hematological manifestations of primary SS (pSS) usually consist of mild anemia, thrombocytopenia, moderate neutropenia, and lymphopenia. Agranulocytosis is rarely reported and usually responds to immunosuppression. We report the case of a pSS patient who presented with refractory agranulocytosis. Bone marrow biopsy disclosed a hypocellular bone marrow with normal maturation of the granulocytic series. The patient was successively treated with high-dose prednisone, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor, and cyclosporine, with no hematological response. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was initiated and after two months there was a rise on the white blood cell count. After one year of follow-up, she had neither further neutropenia episodes, nor infectious complications. We conclude that, in pSS refractory agranulocytosis, MMF can be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option.

6844 downloads

Avaliação do sistema musculoesquelético na unidade de emergência
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Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Castro, Gláucio Ricardo Werner de

; Zimmermann, Adriana Fontes

; Ribeiro, Giovana Gomes

; Neves, Fabrício Souza

; Pereira, Ivânio Alves

; Fialho, Guilherme Loureiro

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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jun 2011, Volume 51 N. 3 Pages 244 - 248

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: As condições musculoesqueléticas possuem um enorme e crescente impacto no mundo. A despeito disso, alguns médicos não estão confiantes em suas próprias habilidades para a realização do exame clínico musculoesquelético. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência dos sintomas musculoesqueléticos em uma unidade de emergência e a frequência de descrição do exame físico musculoesquelético nesses casos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal. Foi realizada uma análise sistemática das fichas de atendimento na unidade de emergência do hospital da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil, de 24 a 30 de abril de 2009. RESULTADOS:Foram analisadas 392 fichas de atendimento, onde 41,5% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino e a idade média de 38,7 ± 17,2 anos. Sessenta e nove dos 392 pacientes (17,6%) apresentaram-se com queixa musculoesquelética. A queixa musculoesquelética mais comum foi lombalgia (33/69). Somente 49,2% dos pacientes que apresentavam distúrbios musculoesqueléticos como queixa principal tiveram exame físico específico descrito nas fichas. Pacientes com queixas musculoesqueléticas tiveram menor frequência de registro de exame abdominal (46% versus 62%, P = 0,01) e sinais vitais (46% versus 66%, P = 0,00), porém maior frequência de registro do exame musculoesquelético (49% versus 0,6%, P = 0,00). CONCLUSÕES:Este estudo confirma outras observações em todo o mundo. Queixas musculoesqueléticas são frequentes em uma unidade de emergência e, apesar disso, sugere-se que os sintomas musculoesqueléticos são insuficientemente avaliados, o que pode estar relacionado a uma educação médica insuficiente. É fundamental que escolas médicas coloquem maior ênfase nessas condições para que jovens médicos estejam mais preparados para lidar com essas doenças comuns.

OBJECTIVE: Musculoskeletal conditions have an enormous and growing impact worldwide. In spite of that, some clinicians are not confident in their own musculoskeletal examination skills. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in an emergency room, and the frequency of musculoskeletal physical examination description on those cases. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. We performed a systematic analysis of medical files at the emergency room of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from April 24th to 30th, 2009. RESULTS: We analyzed 392 files, where 41.5% of patients were male and mean age was 38.7 ± 17.2 years-old. Sixty nine out of 392 patients (17.6%) presented with a musculoskeletal complaint. The most common musculoskeletal complaint was low back pain (33/69). Only 49.2% of patients with a musculoskeletal chief complaint had a specific physical examination registered on the files. Patients with musculoskeletal complaints had lower registrations of abdominal examination (46% versus 62%, P = 0.01) and vital signs (46% versus 66%, P = 0.002), but a higher frequency of musculoskeletal examination registration (49% versus 0.6%, P = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms other observations worldwide. Musculoskeletal complaints are frequent in a emergency room setting and in spite of that it is suggested that musculoskeletal symptoms are poorly evaluated, which is probably related to an insufficient musculoskeletal education. It is essential that medical schools place more emphasis on these conditions so that young physicians will be more prepared to deal with these common diseases.

11519 downloads

Toxicidade hepática é rara em pacientes com artrite reumatoide usando terapia combinada de leflunomida e metotrexato
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Alves, Jorge Augusto Nunes Rodrigues

; Fialho, Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza

; Morato, Edelton Flávio

; Castro, Gláucio RicardoWerner de

; Zimmermann, Adriana Fontes

; Ribeiro, Giovana Gomes

; Neves, Fabrício Souza

; Pereira, Ivânio Alves

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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apr 2011, Volume 51 N. 2 Pages 141 - 144

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: De acordo com alguns estudos, a associação de leflunomida (LEF) a pacientes portadores de artrite reumatoide não responsivos a metotrexato (MTX) aumentou a eficácia do tratamento, elevando, porém, o risco de toxicidade hepática. Este estudo objetiva avaliar a incidência de toxicidade hepática no tratamento da artrite reumatoide ativa usando terapia combinada de LEF e MTX em comparação com monoterapia com MTX. MÉTODOS: Entre fevereiro e setembro de 2009, foram arrolados 97 pacientes consecutivos acompanhados pelo Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Pacientes com artrite reumatoide em uso de MTX somente ou em combinação com LEF tiveram seus prontuários sistematicamente revisados. As enzimas alanino/aspartato aminotransferases foram analisadas retrospectivamente desde o tratamento com MTX ou MTX mais LEF. Hepatotoxicidade foi definida como um aumento das enzimas hepáticas acima de duas vezes o limite superior da normalidade. RESULTADOS: 71 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo: 36,6% usavam 20-25 mg/semana de MTX e 63,4% usavam 20-25 mg/semana de MTX associado a 20 mg/ dia de LEF. Dos pacientes em terapia combinada, 11,1% tinham níveis anormais das enzimas hepáticas versus 11,5% daqueles em monoterapia (P = 1,0). Níveis anormais de aminotransferases têm sido observados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide tanto em monoterapia com MTX quanto com LEF. Em nosso estudo, não encontramos diferença entre as percentagens de elevação das aminotransferases em pacientes tratados somente com MTX ou com terapia combinada. CONCLUSÃO: A combinação de MTX e LEF em pacientes com artrite reumatoide é geralmente segura e bem tolerada.

OBJECTIVE: Some studies have reported that adding leflunomide (LEF) to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients who do not respond to methotrexate (MTX) improved efficacy but increased the risk of liver toxicity. This study aimed at assessing the incidence of liver toxicity in patients with active RA using the LEF and MTX combination therapy in comparison with that of patients on MTX monotherapy. METHODS: Between February and September 2009, 97 consecutive patients followed up at the University Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil, were enrolled. RA patients on MTX alone or using the LEF and MTX combination had their medical records systematically reviewed. The alanine/aspartate aminotransferase enzymes were retrospectively analyzed since the beginning of treatment with MTX or MTX plus LEF. Hepatotoxicity was defined as an increase of at least two-fold the upper limits of normal of the liver enzymes. RESULTS: 71 RA patients were included in the study: 36.6% were using 20-25 mg/week of MTX alone and 63.4% were using 20-25 mg/week of MTX plus 20 mg/day of LEF. Of the patients on the combination therapy, 11.1% had abnormal levels of liver enzymes versus 11.5% of the patients on monotherapy (P = 1.0). Abnormal aminotransferase levels have been seen with both MTX and LEF monotherapies in patients with RA. In our study, no difference was found between the percentages of aminotransferase elevations of patients being treated with MTX alone or in combination with LEF. CONCLUSION: The combination of MTX and LEF in RA patients is generally safe and well tolerated.

34736 downloads

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