A disposição desordenada de resíduos a céu aberto pode gerar impactos ambientais e sociais de grande porte. Para o tratamento de lixiviados de aterros sanitários, utilizam-se normalmente métodos biológicos e físico-químicos. A precipitação química utilizando hidróxido de cálcio vem sendo empregada com grande eficácia no tratamento de efluente com elevadas concentrações de compostos orgânicos e metais pesados. O lixiviado utilizado neste trabalho foi coletado na caixa de vazão do aterro de Muribeca, localizado na cidade de Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE. Utilizou-se como coagulante hidróxido de cálcio comercial em solução aquosa. Foi montado um planejamento fatorial fracionário, seguido de um planejamento completo 24. Pôde-se observar que os menores valores de turbidez e de cor são obtidos com velocidades de floculação no nível superior, todavia um tempo maior favoreceu a remoção da cor, o que não ocorre para a remoção de turbidez. Para o ponto ótimo, obteve-se redução da cor de 52% e uma turbidez NTU dentro dos padrões estabelecidos nas resoluções CONAMA 357/05 e 430/11.

The careless disposal of waste may generate tremendous environmental and social impacts. For the treatment of landfill leachate, biological and physic-chemical treatments are routinely used. Chemical precipitation using calcium hydroxide has been used with great effectiveness in treating effluent with high concentrations of organic compounds and heavy metals. The leachate used in this study was collected from a flow box of the Muribeca landfill, located in the city of Jaboatão Guararapes, PE. Commercial calcium hydroxide was used as coagulant in aqueous solution. The experiment was implemented using a fractional factorial design, followed by a complete planning 24. It was observed that the lowest turbidity and color were obtained at the highest flocculation speeds. Color removal was favored by long flocculation time whereas this did not occur for turbidity removal. For the optimal point, a reduction of 52% of the color and a NTU turbidity within the standards established in Brazilian Laws (CONAMA 357/05 and CONAMA 430/11) were obtained.

The biosorption, based on the use of biomass for removal of ions is distinguished as an innovative and promising technology when compared with the traditional methods. In this context, the aim of the present work is to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biosorbent for the retention of Pb2+ metal ions. Factorial design was used for evaluation of the process. The observed equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1486.88 mg/g. The results indicated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is suitable for biosorption of Pb2+ metal ions.