Abstract Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in children up to six years of age and describe the results of clinical follow-up and possible sequelae. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with data collected from the dental records of 96 pediatric patients up to 6 years old with traumatized primary teeth who sought care from the. Pediatric Dental Trauma project of a private university in the city of Rio de Janeiro from July 2014 to July 2017, and who had clinical and radiographic follow-up for up to three months as of their initial visit. Results: 96 children (58.3% boys and 41.7% girls) included who presented 166 traumatized primary teeth. Intrusion was the most observed type of trauma and in 45.8% of cases, the care occurred one-week post trauma. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth (97.6%). The prognosis of the dental elements with more than 3 months of follow-up was considered favorable, and 59.6% of the teeth did not present any clinical or radiological sequelae. Oral hygiene instruction and monitoring were the most common approaches. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma in the present study was high and occurred mainly in domestic settings. The upper central incisors were the teeth that suffered the most injuries. The presence of patients at follow-up visits was an important factor for the positive result in most cases.

Resumo Introdução É por meio da interação entre ambiente, indivíduo, sua predisposição à atopia e exposição a alérgenos que surgem as doenças alérgicas. Em crianças atópicas, foi observada uma alta prevalência de padrão respirador bucal, assim como resposta positiva a testes alérgicos. Essas alterações respiratórias possuem uma associação com deformidades orofaciais, especialmente as maloclusões. Objetivo Identificar a frequência de crianças e adolescentes portadores de alergias e buscar uma provável associação entre atopia e maloclusão, traumatismos dentoalveolares e hábitos bucais viciosos. Material e método Foram avaliados prontuários de crianças e adolescentes atendidos em duas instituições particulares de ensino da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período compreendido entre agosto de 2017 e julho de 2018. Foram coletados dados do prontuário relacionados ao histórico médico, odontológico e de alergias. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e por meio do teste qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultado Um total de 136 prontuários foi considerado elegível para avaliação. Durante a anamnese, 49 responsáveis (36%) relataram histórico de alergias em suas crianças e adolescentes. A prevalência de hábitos bucais viciosos foi verificada em 87 pacientes (64%), sendo presente em 65,3% de crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam atopia (p<0,05). Conclusão A prevalência de alergias relatada nesta população foi de 34,6%, e foi observada ainda uma alta prevalência de hábitos bucais viciosos e traumatismos dentoalveolares nesses pacientes. Foram constatadas associações significativas entre presença de atopias e histórico de traumatismos dentários, maloclusão e hábitos viciosos, demonstrando haver correlação entre atopia e alguns aspectos de saúde oral.

Abstract Introduction Allergic diseases appear through the interaction between the environment, the individual, their predisposition to atopy and exposure to allergens. In atopic children there is a high prevalence of mouth breathers, as well as positive response to allergic prick tests. These respiratory changes have an association with orofacial deformities especially malocclusions. Objective To identify the frequency of children and adolescents that have atopies and search for a probable association between atopy and oral aspects like malocclusion and vicious oral habits. Material and method Medical records were taken of children and adolescents seen at two educational institutions in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the period between August 2017 and July 2018. Data were collected from medical records related to medical history, history of atopies and dental history. The data were transmitted descriptively through the chi-square test (p<0.05). Result A total of 136 records were considered eligible for evaluation. During the anamnesis, 49 (36.0%) parents reported a history of atopy in their children adolescents. The prevalence of vicious oral habits was found in 87 children and adolescents (64.0%), being presented in 65.3% of the patients who had atopy (p<0.05). Conclusion It can be observed that the prevalence of atopy reported in this population was 34.6% and there was also a high prevalence of vicious oral habits and dento-alveolar trauma in these patients. Relevant associations between the presence of atopies and history of dental trauma, malocclusion and the presence of oral vicious habits were observed, demonstrating a correlation between atopy and some aspects of oral health.

ABSTRACT: Radiotherapy applies ionizing radiation at predetermined doses for a limited period of time in order to destroy tumors. The oral cavity, which has a high rate of cell renewal, is affected by the side effects of radiotherapy including osteoradionecrosis (ORN). This condition occurs due to irradiated bone tissue that becomes devitalized and exposed in the oral cavity. Conservative therapies are recommended for ORN lesions that are not extensive or in an early stage. Surgical intervention is necessary for extensive areas affected by necrosis. This study reports a case of ORN in the left mandibular body which resulted in a pathological fracture. The treatment consisted of segmental mandibulectomy and the use of a reconstruction plate. Also, low-level laser therapy around bone exposure was performed. After surgery, the patient underwent 6 months of follow-up and was satisfied with the outcome. However, the patient died before control of ORN was achieved due to a heart attack.

RESUMEN: La radioterapia aplica radiación ionizante a dosis predeterminadas durante un período de tiempo limitado para destruir tumores. La cavidad oral, que tiene una alta tasa de renovación celular, se ve afectada por los efectos secundarios de la radioterapia, incluida la osteorradionecrosis (ORN). Esta condición se produce debido al tejido óseo irradiado que se desvitaliza y expone en la cavidad oral. Se recomiendan terapias conservadoras para las lesiones de ORN que no son extensas o en una etapa temprana. La intervención quirúrgica es necesaria para áreas extensas afectadas por necrosis. Este estudio reporta un caso de ORN en el cuerpo mandibular izquierdo que resultó en una fractura patológica. El tratamiento consistió en mandibulectomía segmentaria y el uso de una placa de reconstrucción. Además, se realizó una terapia con láser de bajo nivel alrededor de la exposición ósea. Después de la cirugía, el paciente se sometió a 6 meses de seguimiento y quedó satisfecho con el resultado. Sin embargo, el paciente falleció antes de que se lograra el control de ORN debido a un ataque cardíaco.

ABSTRACT Violence against women is a complex phenomenon that causes negative effects on their health. The principle of Levine's Theory of Nursing is to keep or recover a person (the woman who experiences violence) to a state of health (away from violence). OBJECTIVE: To analyze, from the point of view of Levine's Nursing Theory, nursing care for women who have suffered violence. METHOD: Qualitative and descriptive research, carried out in the Family Health Strategy from Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, with eleven nurses who provided care to women living in violence situations, through individual interviews using a semi-structured questions instrument. The Research Ethics Committee from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and the Municipal Health Department approved previously this protocol. The statements were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse method. RESULTS: The analysis of the interviews resulted in four central ideas regarding: energy conservation, structural, personal and social integrity of women. CONCLUSION: Care needs to promote energy conservation, through the women integral care, and not just focused on violence. They emphasized issues such as reception and access to the Health Unit, rescuing the woman's ties with members of their social network.

RESUMEN La violencia contra la mujer es un fenómeno complejo que provoca efectos negativos sobre su salud. El principio de la teoría de enfermería de Levine es mantener o recuperar a la persona (la mujer que vive la violencia) a un estado de salud (lejos de la violencia). OBJETIVO: analizar, desde la óptica de la teoría de enfermería de Levine, la atención de la enfermera a las mujeres que sufrieron violencia. MÉTODO: investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, realizada en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de Río de Janeiro – Brasil, con once enfermeras que atendieron a mujeres en situación de violencia, en base a las entrevistas llevadas a cabo con un cuestionario semiestructurado. La investigación fue aprobada por el comité de ética en investigación de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro y la Secretaría Municipal de Salud. Los testimonios fueron analizados por el método del discurso del sujeto colectivo. RESULTADOS: el análisis de las entrevistas resultó en cuatro ideas centrales: conservación de la energía, integridad estructural, personal y social de las mujeres. CONCLUSIÓN: los cuidados deben permitir la conservación de energía, por medio de la atención integral a las mujeres, no apenas cuando se enfoca la violencia. Se realzaron asuntos tales como acogida y acceso a la unidad de salud, rescatando vínculos de la mujer con miembros de la red social.

RESUMO A violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno complexo que provoca efeitos negativos sobre sua saúde. O princípio da Teoria de Enfermagem de Levine é manter ou recuperar uma pessoa (a mulher que vivencia a violência) para um estado de saúde (longe da violência). OBJETIVO: analisar, pela ótica da Teoria de Enfermagem de Levine, o atendimento da enfermeira às mulheres que sofreram violência. MÉTODO: pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva realizada na Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Rio de Janeiro – Brasil, com 11 enfermeiras que prestaram atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência, com base em entrevistas utilizando roteiro de perguntas semiestruturado. Pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Os depoimentos foram analisados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. RESULTADOS: a análise das entrevistas resultou em quatro ideias centrais referentes a: conservação de energia, integridade estrutural, pessoal e social das mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: o cuidado precisa possibilitar conservação de energia, por meio da atenção integral às mulheres, e não apenas focado na violência. Enfatizaram questões como acolhimento e acesso à unidade de saúde, resgatando vínculos dessa mulher com membros da rede social.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection associated with behaviors and attitudes of adolescents and young people at an upper secondary school in Rio de Janeiro. Method in this quantitative, descriptive study conducted from May to November 2012, data were collected by questionnaire from 128 women from 15 to 24 years old, and received descriptive statistical treatment, which highlighted demographic, economic and behavioral variables. The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Anna Nery School of Nursing, São Francisco de Assis School Hospital, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (protocol No. 030/2011). Results the data indicated resistance to condom use in sexual relations: 81.3% of the women never used condoms in their relationships. Another of the participants’ characteristics highlighted by the study was the use of a condom in the first relation only. Female condoms were not used by the group studied. Conclusion the study shows epidemiological data and important sociocultural issues that indicate the need for in-depth research, as well as the nurses’ playing a role in new educational strategies designed to be effective in changing behavior and attitudes in these population segments.

RESUMEN Objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo para la infección del Virus del Papiloma humano (VPH) asociados a comportamientos y actitudes de los adolescentes y jóvenes de una unidad escolar de enseñanza secundaria de Rio de Janeiro. Método estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, realizado de mayo a noviembre de 2012, junto a 128 mujeres de edad entre 15 y 24 años. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de cuestionario y recibieron tratamiento estadístico descriptivo destacándose en variables demográficas, económicas y conductuales. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery / Hospital Escuela São Francisco de Assis de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro, protocolo No 030/2011. Resultados los datos mostraron que hay resistencia al uso de condón durante las relaciones sexuales, siendo que el 81,3% de las mujeres nunca ha usado condón durante las relaciones. El estudio también resaltó como una característica entre las participantes el uso de condón sólo en la primera relación. El preservativo femenino no fue utilizado por el grupo estudiado. Conclusión el estudio muestra datos epidemiológicos y cuestiones socioculturales importantes que indican la necesidad de investigaciones profundizadas, además de la actuación del enfermero en nuevas estrategias educativas con vistas a la efectividad en el cambio de comportamiento y actitud de esos segmentos poblacionales.

RESUMO Objetivo identificar os fatores de risco à infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) associados aos comportamentos e atitudes de adolescentes e jovens de uma unidade escolar de Ensino Médio do Rio de Janeiro. Método estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado de maio a novembro de 2012, com 128 mulheres entre 15 e 24 anos. Os dados foram coletados por questionário e receberam tratamento estatístico descritivo, sendo destacados em variáveis demográficas, econômicas e comportamentais. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética de Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, mediante protocolo no 030/2011. Resultados os dados apontaram haver resistência ao uso de preservativo nas relações sexuais, sendo que 81,3% das mulheres nunca utilizaram camisinha nas relações. O estudo também destacou como uma das características entre as participantes o uso de preservativo somente na primeira relação. O preservativo feminino não foi utilizado pelo grupo estudado. Conclusão o estudo mostra dados epidemiológicos e questões socioculturais importantes que indicam a necessidade de investigações aprofundadas, além da atuação do enfermeiro em novas estratégias educativas visando à efetividade na mudança de comportamento e atitude desses segmentos populacionais.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its association with oral candidiasis and clinical parameters of periodontitis (CPP) in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Periodontal examinations for the 113 HIV-infected patients were recorded using the Community Periodontal Index. A cytological smear from the lateral borders of the tongue was performed to evaluate candidiasis. RESULTS: The frequency of hypovitaminosis D was 23.9%. In multivariate analysis, only the duration of exposure to HIV was associated with CPP [OR 4.72 (95% CI: 0.97-23.00)]. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 23.9% and was not related with oral candidiasis or CPP.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of infections and HIV-infected individuals are frequently susceptible to this pathogen. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify both the risk factors associated with colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV patients and the methods used for characterization of isolates. An electronic search of articles published between January 2001 and December 2013 was first conducted. Among 116 studies categorized as being at a quality level of A, B or C, only 9 studies were considered to have high methodological quality (level A). The majority of these studies were retrospective (4/9 studies). The risk factors associated with colonization/infection by S. aureus were use of antimicrobials (4/9 studies), previous hospitalization (4/9 studies) and low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (<200 cells/μl) (3/9 studies). Culture in mannitol salt agar (3/9 studies) and the latex agglutination test (5/9 studies) were the main methods used for bacterial phenotypic identification. Genotypic profiles were accessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (6/9 studies) and USA300 was the most prevalent lineage (5/9 studies). Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (3/9 studies) and susceptible to vancomycin (4/9 studies). Ultimately, use of antimicrobials and previous hospitalization were the main risk factors for colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV-infected individuals. However, the numbers of evaluated patients, the exclusion and inclusion criteria and the characterization of the S. aureus isolates were not uniform, which made it difficult to establish the characteristics associated with HIV patients who are colonized/infected by S. aureus.

INTRODUCTION: Some viruses of the Herpesviridae family are frequently the etiologic agents of oral lesions associated with HIV. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus type 6, type 7 and type 8 (HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8) in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children/adolescents and verify the association between viral subtypes and clinical factors. METHODS: The cells of oral mucosa were collected from 50 HIV infected children/adolescents, 3-13 years old (mean age 8.66). The majority (66%) of selected were girls, and they were all outpatients at the pediatric AIDS clinic of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Nested-PCR was used to identify the viral types. RESULTS: Absence of immunosuppression was observed in 66% of the children. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used by 72.1% of selected and moderate viral load was observed in 56% of the children/adolescents. Viral types were found in 86% of the children and the subtypes were: HSV-1 (4%), HSV-2 (2%), VZV (4%), EBV (0%), HCMV (24%), HHV6 (18%), HHV-7 (68%), HHV8 (0%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of HAART has helped to reduce oral lesions, especially with herpes virus infections. The health professionals who work with these patients should be aware of such lesions because of their predictive value and the herpes virus can be found circulating in the oral cavity without causing lesions.

INTRODUCTION: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be difficult to detect at the clinical practice. METHODS: We analyzed 140 MRSA isolates from inpatients to correlate the antimicrobial susceptibility with the SCCmec types. RESULTS: Type III (n = 63) isolates were more resistant to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, and rifampin than type IV (n = 65) ones (p < 0.05). Moreover, type IV isolates were susceptible to tetracycline (100%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (98%), while type III isolates presented resistance to them. CONCLUSIONS: In regions where these SCCmec types are prevalent, the detection of specific resistant phenotypes could help to predict them, mainly when there are no technical conditions to SCCmec typing.

Linfogranuloma venéreo (LGV) é uma doença sexualmente transmissível e de ocorrência pouco frequente. Relatamos um caso de um adolescente com 17 anos de idade que apresentou uma lesão ulcerativa vegetante a cerca de dois meses na região inguinal direita. Foi diagnosticado como LGV e o paciente foi tratado com eritromicina. Três meses após o tratamento o paciente apresentou uma nova lesão ulcerativa, muito semelhante à anterior, na região supraclavicular direita. O diagnóstico desta lesão foi de linfoma difuso de células B do tipo não-Hodgkin. Ambas as patologias não são comuns na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil e um médico não deve negligenciar a possibilidade da ocorrência de uma doença sexualmente transmissível (DST).

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an uncommon, contagious, sexually transmitted disease (STD). We report a case of a 17-year-old teenager who presented with a 2-month-old ulcerous vegetant lesion in the right inguinal region. The patient was diagnosed with LGV and received erythromycin treatment. Three months after treatment, he presented with a new ulcerous lesion, very similar to the previous one, in the right supraclavicular region. He was diagnosed with a diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Both diseases are rare in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, and physicians should not neglect the possibility of STDs in such cases.

Atualmente, com o advento da terapia antirretroviral potente e o aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo HIV, a busca da promoção de uma melhor qualidade de vida deve ser o foco principal na atenção a crianças vivendo com HIV/Aids. Torna-se necessária a utilização de um instrumento adequado a este grupo visando à investigação e à avaliação da sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo objetivou realizar validação da Escala de Qualidade de Vida da Criança em crianças infectadas pelo HIV atendidas em Serviços de Sida/Aids do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Esta escala é composta de 26 perguntas e sua aplicação ocorreu em 100 crianças entre quatro e 12 anos e seus responsáveis. A análise estatística realizada utilizou correlações canônicas, intervalo de confiança e teste c². O ponto de corte obtido foi 49; a consistência interna expressa por um alfa de Cronbach da ordem de 0,73 para as crianças e 0,67 para os responsáveis. O perfil de resposta demonstrou satisfação elevada para itens como férias e aniversário, e os de menor satisfação foram internação e brincar sozinho. Conclui-se que a escala apresentou medidas psicométricas satisfatórias, tornando-se um instrumento confiável, consistente, válido e recomendável de mensuração da qualidade de vida de crianças infectadas pelo HIV.

With the advent of potent antiretroviral therapy and the increase in life expectancy of pediatric patients infected with HIV, the quest for the promotion of enhanced quality of life should currently be the main focus in care of children with HIV/Aids. The scope of this study was to validate the Scale of Children's Quality of Life in a group of children infected with HIV receiving clinical care in Aids Service Units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This scale consists of 26 questions and was tested on 100 children, with ages varying between 4 and 12, and their respective parents or guardians. Statistical analysis was conducted using canonical correlation and confidence interval analysis and the c² test. The results showed that the cut-off point obtained was 49; the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 for the children and 0.67 for parents or guardians. The response profile revealed marked satisfaction with aspects such as vacations and birthdays, though less satisfaction with items including hospitalization and playing alone. The conclusion was that the scale revealed satisfactory psychometric measurements, proving to be a reliable, consistent, valid and recommended instrument for measuring the quality of life of children infected with HIV.

Atualmente, com o advento da terapia antirretroviral potente e o aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo HIV, a busca da promoção de uma melhor qualidade de vida deve ser o foco principal na atenção a crianças vivendo com HIV/Aids. Torna-se necessária a utilização de um instrumento adequado a este grupo visando à investigação e à avaliação da sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo objetivou realizar validação da Escala de Qualidade de Vida da Criança em crianças infectadas pelo HIV atendidas em Serviços de Sida/Aids do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Esta escala é composta de 26 perguntas e sua aplicação ocorreu em 100 crianças entre quatro e 12 anos e seus responsáveis. A análise estatística realizada utilizou correlações canônicas, intervalo de confiança e teste c². O ponto de corte obtido foi 49; a consistência interna expressa por um alfa de Cronbach da ordem de 0,73 para as crianças e 0,67 para os responsáveis. O perfil de resposta demonstrou satisfação elevada para itens como férias e aniversário, e os de menor satisfação foram internação e brincar sozinho. Conclui-se que a escala apresentou medidas psicométricas satisfatórias, tornando-se um instrumento confiável, consistente, válido e recomendável de mensuração da qualidade de vida de crianças infectadas pelo HIV.

With the advent of potent antiretroviral therapy and the increase in life expectancy of pediatric patients infected with HIV, the quest for the promotion of enhanced quality of life should currently be the main focus in care of children with HIV/Aids. The scope of this study was to validate the Scale of Children's Quality of Life in a group of children infected with HIV receiving clinical care in Aids Service Units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This scale consists of 26 questions and was tested on 100 children, with ages varying between 4 and 12, and their respective parents or guardians. Statistical analysis was conducted using canonical correlation and confidence interval analysis and the c² test. The results showed that the cut-off point obtained was 49; the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 for the children and 0.67 for parents or guardians. The response profile revealed marked satisfaction with aspects such as vacations and birthdays, though less satisfaction with items including hospitalization and playing alone. The conclusion was that the scale revealed satisfactory psychometric measurements, proving to be a reliable, consistent, valid and recommended instrument for measuring the quality of life of children infected with HIV.