ABSTRACT Purpose: Although Brazil has a high prevalence of retinoblastoma, there is a lack of epidemiological data on the disease. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in the ophthalmology department of a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Ceara, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively analyzing the clinical and socioeconomic data from the medical records of pediatric patients followed-up at the hospital between 2007 and 2021. Retinoblastoma was diagnosed on the basis of a fundoscopic or histopathologic examination. Results: The data of 105 patients were included in the study, and the mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 1.7 years. Most of the patients were women (50.5%) and hailed from rural areas (57.4%), which was associated with a higher tumor stage. Of the 150 patients, 57.1% initially presented with leukocoria. Ocular hyperemia was associated with more advanced stages of retinoblastoma (p=0.004). Bilateral involvement was observed in 25.7% of the patients and at a significantly younger age (p=0.009). The presence of retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds significantly increased the likelihood of requiring enucleation. Discussion: This study presents an epidemiological description of retinoblastoma in Brazil, which highlights the significance of early detection. Delayed diagnosis is associated with a poorer visual prognosis and higher mortality rate, particularly in patients with unilateral disease. Risk factors for a more severe disease were retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds. The correlation between histopathological features and clinical outcomes was limited. Conclusion: Further studies are required to assess the influence of ocular hyperemia, fundoscopic assessment, and histopathologic findings on the prognosis of retinoblastoma. Moreover, it is critical to devise interventions to reduce the time-to-diagnosis in rural areas. Purpose Thus Ceara Methods crosssectional cross sectional followedup followed up 200 2021 examination Results 10 17 1 7 1. years 50.5% 505 50 5 (50.5% 57.4%, 574 57.4% , 57 4 (57.4%) stage 15 571 57.1 leukocoria p=0.004. p0004 p p=0.004 . 0 004 (p=0.004) 257 25 25.7 p=0.009. p0009 p=0.009 009 (p=0.009) detachment lesions enucleation Discussion detection rate limited Conclusion assessment Moreover timetodiagnosis 20 202 50.5 (50.5 57.4 (57.4% 57. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 2 25. (p=0.009 50. (50. (57.4 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (50 (57. p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (5 (57 p=0 (p=0. ( p= (p=0 (p= (p

RESUMO: Este estudo descreve os aspectos patológicos de um carcinoma mamário simples túbulo-papilar metastático grau II em um lobo-guará, fêmea, senil de vida livre. O diagnóstico foi baseado nos achados histopatológicos de células malignas epiteliais arranjadas em um padrão tubular e papilar, com acentuada anisocitose e anisocariose e metástases para os linfonodos regionais, pulmão, pleura parietal e pericárdio. Também associado a marcação imuno-histoquímica positiva das células neoplásicas para Citoqueratina AE1/AE3 e negativas para P63, Calponina e Cox-2, somado ao índice de proliferação celular de 26,8%. Os achados demonstram que canídeos silvestres de vida livre podem desenvolver neoplasias mamárias similares às observadas em canídeos domésticos. RESUMO túbulopapilar túbulo papilar loboguará, loboguará lobo guará, guará lobo-guará fêmea regionais pulmão pericárdio imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica AE1AE3 AEAE AE1 AE3 AE AE1/AE P63 P Cox2, Cox2 Cox 2, 2 Cox-2 268 26 8 26,8% domésticos AE1AE P6 Cox- 26,8 26,

ABSTRACT: This study described the pathological aspects of a metastatic grade II simple tubulopapillary mammary carcinoma in a free-living senile female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). The diagnosis was based on histopathological findings of malignant epithelial cells arranged in tubular and papillary patterns, with marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and metastases to regional lymph nodes, lungs, parietal pleura, and pericardium. Also associated to positive immunolabeling of neoplastic cells for Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and negative for P63, Calponin and Cox-2, added to the cell proliferation index of 26.8%. The findings demonstrated that free-ranging wild canids develop mammary neoplasms similar to those observed in domestic canids. ABSTRACT freeliving free living Chrysocyon brachyurus. brachyurus . brachyurus) patterns nodes lungs pleura pericardium AE1AE3 AEAE AE1 AE3 AE AE1/AE P63 P Cox2, Cox2 Cox 2, 2 Cox-2 268 26 8 26.8% freeranging ranging AE1AE P6 Cox- 26.8 26.

Abstract Natural compounds are possible alternatives for wound treatment, including Ilex paraguariensis, a plant with several pharmacological actions already reported, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and healing activities. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a technological and scientific mapping of Ilex paraguariensis used for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Technological prospection was carried out in the Questel-Orbit system, while the scientific research was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The terms “Ilex paraguariensis”, “Yerba-mate”, “Painkiller”, “Analgesic”, “Wound”, “Healing”, and “Scar” were combined using Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. The technological prospection resulted in 164 patents found initially. After sorting the abstracts, five patents were read entirely, of which three were selected. Such selected patents report using Ilex paraguariensis for analgesics, wound healing, personal care, and pharmaceutical applications. In addition, the scientific research showed a small number of studies aimed at using Ilex paraguariensis for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Among the 26 articles initially found, only 5 met the inclusion requirements. Scientific studies demonstrate that Ilex paraguariensis is used as an extract or drink, presenting promising results regarding analgesia, inflammation, and wound healing, using in vitro or in vivo models. Despite the potential of Ilex paraguariensis in skin wound therapy, our study demonstrates that few patents and scientific studies explore Ilex paraguariensis for this purpose. This fact may be an incentive for the development of further studies employing Ilex paraguariensis in cutaneous wound management and the pain associated with them. treatment reported antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory antibacterial antioxidant activities Therefore andor purposes QuestelOrbit Questel Orbit system PubMed Science databases , paraguariensis” Yerbamate, Yerbamate Yerba mate “Yerba-mate” Painkiller, Painkiller “Painkiller” Analgesic, Analgesic “Analgesic” Wound, Wound “Wound” Healing, Healing “Healing” Scar “Scar OR “OR AND. AND . “AND” 16 abstracts entirely analgesics care applications addition 2 requirements drink analgesia inflammation models therapy purpose them “Yerba-mate “Painkiller “Analgesic “Wound “Healing “AND 1

Abstract Background: Drug repurposing has been an interesting and cost-effective approach, especially for neglected diseases, such as Chagas disease. Methods: In this work, we studied the activity of the antidepressant drug sertraline against Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of the Y and Tulahuen strains, and investigated its action mode using cell biology and in silico approaches. Results: Sertraline demonstrated in vitro efficacy against intracellular amastigotes of both T. cruzi strains inside different host cells, including cardiomyocytes, with IC50 values between 1 to 10 μM, and activity against bloodstream trypomastigotes, with IC50 of 14 μM. Considering the mammalian cytotoxicity, the drug resulted in a selectivity index of 17.8. Sertraline induced a change in the mitochondrial integrity of T. cruzi, resulting in a decrease in ATP levels, but not affecting reactive oxygen levels or plasma membrane permeability. In silico approaches using chemogenomic target fishing, homology modeling and molecular docking suggested the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 of T. cruzi (TcIDH2) as a potential target for sertraline. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that sertraline had a lethal effect on different forms and strains of T. cruzi, by affecting the bioenergetic metabolism of the parasite. These findings provide a starting point for future experimental assays and may contribute to the development of new compounds.

Neste trabalho objetivou-se estudar a cinética de secagem do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), ajustar diferentes modelos matemáticos aos valores experimentais em função do teor de água e, determinar o coeficiente de difusão e a energia de ativação dos grãos durante a secagem. Os grãos de feijão-caupi foram submetidos à secagem sob as temperaturas de 25; 35; 45 e 55 ± 1 ºC em secador experimental até o teor de água de aproximadamente 13% b.s. Realizou-se uma análise de regressão não linear para o ajuste de 12 modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais de secagem. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo foi obtido por meio do ajuste do modelo matemático da difusão líquida. A variação do coeficiente de difusão de acordo com a temperatura de secagem foi analisada pelo modelo de Arrhenius, o qual permitiu a determinação da energia de ativação. O modelo de Henderson e Pabis Modificada foi o que melhor representou o processo de secagem do feijão-caupi. O coeficiente de difusão apresentou valores entre 8,84 x 10-8 e 20,17 x 10-8 m² s-1. A relação do coeficiente de difusão com a temperatura de secagem pode ser descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, apresentando uma energia de ativação de 27,16 kJ mol-1.

This work aimed to study the drying kinetics of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), adjust different mathematical models to the experimental values as a function of water content, and determine the diffusion coefficient and the activation energy of the grains during drying. The cowpea grains were dried at temperatures of 25; 35; 45 and 55 ± 1 ºC in an experimental dryer to a water content of approximately 13% db. A nonlinear regression analysis was carried out to adjust 12 mathematical models to the experimental drying-data. The effective diffusion coefficient was obtained by adjusting the mathematical model of liquid diffusion. The variance of the diffusion coefficient according to the drying temperature was analysed by the Arrhenius equation, which allowed determination of the activation energy. The Henderson and Modified Pabis model best represented the drying process of the cowpea. The diffusion coefficient presented values of between 8.84 x 10-8 and 20.17 x 10-8 m² s-1. The ratio of the diffusion coefficient to the drying temperature can be described by the Arrhenius equation, having an activation energy of 27.16 kJ mol-1.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os efeitos do fluxo de ar sobre a queda da pressão estática em massa granular de quinoa, cultivar Real, com diferentes teores de impurezas; ajustar os modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais obtidos e selecionar o modelo que melhor represente o fenômeno. Inicialmente, o produto estava isento de impurezas e com teor de água de 17% base seco. Foram feitas adições de impurezas nos percentuais de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5. Utilizando-se um equipamento devidamente projetado e construído e fluxos de ar variando de 0,1 a 0,4 m³ s-1 m-2, foram determinadas as pressões estáticas da quinoa limpa e com impurezas. Os dados experimentais de perda de carga foram ajustados às equações comumente utilizadas para descrever o fenômeno. Os resultados permitiram concluir que: a) a pressão estática em uma coluna com grãos de quinoa aumenta com o incremento de fluxo de ar; b) O aumento do nível de impureza provocou redução da queda de pressão estática; c) As equações que melhor representam os dados experimentais da queda de pressão no interior do leito com grãos de quinoa, sem e com impurezas, foram as equações de Shedd e de Guimarães, respectivamente.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of air flow on the drop in static pressure in granular masses of the quinoa cultivar Real, with different levels of impurity and adjust the mathematical models to the obtained experimental data selecting those that best represent the phenomenon. The product was initially free of impurities and with moisture content of 17% on dry weight basis. To check the influence of impurities on resistance to air flow, additions of these impurities were made at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%. Using a piece of equipment duly designed and built and air flows ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 m³ s-1 m-2, the static pressures of clean quinoa and quinoa with impurities were determined. The equations commonly used to describe the phenomenon were adjusted to the experimental data of pressure drop. The results permit to conclude that: a) static pressure in a column with quinoa grains increases with the increase in air flow; b) increase in the level of impurity lead to a reduction in the static pressure drop; c) the equations that best represent the experimental data of pressure drop inside the bed with quinoa grains, with and without impurities, were the Shedd and Guimarães equations, respectively.

Os peixes, tanto em condições de cultivo quanto em condições experimentais ou na natureza, podem experimentar situações de estresse. Peixes submetidos a estressores sequenciais podem apresentar acumulação de sua resposta de cortisol com aumento dos níveis desse hormônio em cada resposta sucessiva ou habituação da resposta do cortisol, com redução dos níveis de cortisol em cada resposta sequencial. Abordamos a questão central de como é o perfil de resposta do cortisol de R. quelen após a exposição a estressores agudos sucessivos de natureza semelhante e diferente. Os dados mostraram que sucessivos estressores agudos com intervalos de 12 e 48h e de uma semana, provocaram respostas de cortisol semelhantes em juvenis de R. quelen, sem qualquer habituação ou acumulação. No presente trabalho usamos intervalos tão curtos quanto 12h e não verificamos qualquer tipo de acumulação da resposta. No entanto, se o intervalo entre estressores forem de um dia ou semana, o fenômeno mais comum e esperado é o da atenuação da resposta. Assim, tanto a ausência de acumulação da resposta ao estresse quanto à ausência da habituação esperada são resultados interessantes. Nossos resultados mostraram que juvenis de R. quelen não mostram habituação ou acumulação em suas respostas de estresse a estressores repetidos, como relatado para outras espécies de peixes

Fish repeatedly experience stressful situations under experimental and aquaculture conditions, even in their natural habitat. Fish submitted to sequential stressors can exhibit accumulation or habituation on its cortisol response. We posed a central question about the cortisol response profiles after exposure to successive acute stressors of a similar and different nature in Rhamdia quelen. We have shown that successive acute stressors delivered with 12-h, 48-h, and 1-week intervals provoked similar cortisol responses in juvenile R. quelen, without any habituation or accumulation. The cumulative stress response is more associated to short acute stressors with very short intervals of minutes to hours. In our work, we used an interval as short as 12h, and no cumulative response was found. However, if the length of time between stressors is of a day or week as used in our work the most common and an expected phenomenon is the attenuation of the response. Thus, also, the absence of both accumulation of the stress response and the expected habituation is an intriguing result. Our results show that R. quelen does not show habituation or accumulation in its stress responses to repeated stressors, as reported for other fish species

OBJETIVO: Verificar a aceitação de dietas hospitalares, em relação ao estado nutricional, entre pacientes com câncer admitidos na Unidade de Oncologia/Hematologia de um hospital terciário. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido entre 100 pacientes, com idade >18 anos de ambos os gêneros. Índice de massa corporal e avaliação nutricional subjetiva global produzida pelo próprio paciente foram utilizados para detecção do estado nutricional. Índice de resto-ingestão foi utilizado para avaliar a aceitação da dieta, e os motivos para não aceitação foram verificados por meio de questionário. Os dados foram expressos em médias e desvio padrão, ou medianas e percentuais. As comparações foram realizadas por meio de testes t de Student, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney e do χ² de Pearson. RESULTADOS: No total, 59% dos pacientes eram do gênero masculino e a idade média foi de 51,6±13,5 anos. De acordo com a avaliação nutricional subjetiva global produzida pelo próprio paciente, 33% dos participantes foram considerados desnutridos e o índice de massa corporal detectou 6,3% de desnutrição. Os principais sintomas relatados foram: inapetência, xerostomia, constipação, disgeusia, náuseas relacionadas aos cheiros e saciedade precoce. O índice de resto-ingestão foi de aproximadamente 37% e significativamente maior entre os desnutridos comparativamente aos bem nutridos (58,8 x 46,4%; p=0,04). Quanto aos motivos relatados para a não aceitação da dieta oferecida, destacaram-se falta de sabor, monotonia das preparações, grandes quantidade oferecidas, falta de apetite e temperatura inadequada da refeição. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se um elevado índice de resto-ingestão entre os pacientes com câncer, principalmente entre os desnutridos, pela avaliação nutricional subjetiva global produzida pelo próprio paciente.

OBJECTIVE: To verify acceptance of hospital diets as to the nutritional status among patients admitted to the Oncology/Hematology Unit of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted among 100 patients, aged >18 years, of both genders. Body mass index and subjective global nutritional evaluation by patients were used to detect the nutritional status. The rest-ingestion index was used to evaluate diet acceptance, and the reasons for non-acceptance were identified by means of a questionnaire. Data were expressed in means and standard deviation, or medians and percentages. Comparisons were made using the Student's t test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson's χ² test. RESULTS: A total of 59% of patients were males, and mean age was 51.6±13.5 years. According to the global subjective nutritional evaluation done by the patients themselves, 33% of the participants were considered malnourished and the body mass index detected 6.3% of malnutrition. The main symptoms reported were lack of appetite, xerostomia (dry mouth), constipation, dysgeusia, odor-related nausea, and early satiety. The rest-ingestion index was approximately 37% and significantly greater among the malnourished relative to the well-nourished (58.8 versus 46.4%; p=0.04). The primary reasons reported for non-acceptance of the diet offered were lack of flavor, monotonous preparations, large quantities offered, lack of appetite, and inappropriate temperature of the meal. CONCLUSION: A high the rest-ingestion index was seen among the patients with cancer, especially those who were malnourished according to the global nutritional evaluation produced by the patient.

Um experimento foi conduzido objetivando avaliar o potencial do mel, da própolis e do pólen apícola na reversão da peroxidação lipídica causada pelo fungicida tebuconazole (TEB) na espécie de peixe tropical Rhamdia quelen, avaliando a concentração das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), a atividade da enzima glutationa-S-transferase (GST) e das concentrações dos antioxidantes glutationa reduzida (GSH), ácido ascórbico e dos tiois não proteicos. O mel adicionado à água na concentração de 0,125g L-1 e o pólen apícola na concentração de 0.05 g L-1reverteram a geração das TBARS causada pela exposição ao TEB, enquanto a própolis demonstrou efeito pró-oxidante, induzindo um aumento na geração das TBARS. Os dados apresentados neste trabalho sugerem o potencial do mel e do pólen apícola adicionados à água como substâncias protetoras contra o estresse oxidativo causado por agroquímicos.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of honey, propolis, and bee pollen for the reversal of lipid peroxidation induced by tebuconazole (TEB) in South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen), in which the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, and non-protein thiols were assessed. Honey (0.125 g L-1) and bee pollen (0.05 g L-1) added to the water reverse the production of TBARS induced by TEB, while propolis demonstrated a pro-oxidant effect, inducing an increase in TBARS production. The data presented herein suggest that the addition of water to honey and bee pollen potentially protects against the oxidative stress caused by agrichemicals.

O poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) (PVDF) é um polímero semicristalino contendo uma fase amorfa e uma cristalina. Essa característica é importante para o preparo de membranas assimétricas, pois a fase cristalina tem grande influência na formação da estrutura da membrana e a fase amorfa na porosidade. Membranas de PVDF foram preparadas pelo processo de inversão de fases e avaliadas quanto à permeabilidade e morfologia, bem como o efeito do tratamento térmico. Foram comparadas as seguintes membranas: membrana sem tratamento térmico, membrana com tratamento térmico e membrana comercial. Ensaios de resistência química, fluxo permeado de água a várias pressões, difusão de íons, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) foram realizados para verificar o comportamento das membranas.

Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) is a semicrystalline polymer containing an amorphous and a crystalline phase. This characteristic is important for the preparation of asymmetric membranes, because the crystalline phase has great influence on the membranes structure, while the amorphous phase affects the porosity. PVDF membranes were prepared by the phase inversion process, which were then evaluated with regard to permeability and morphology, as well as the thermal treatment effect. The following membranes were compared: without thermal treatment, with thermal treatment and commercially-available membrane. The analysis of chemical resistance, water permeability flux to different pressures and diffusion of ions, in addition to studies with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), were performed to investigate the membranes properties.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a utilização dos serviços ambulatoriais de saúde e fatores associados pelas mulheres de 20 a 60 anos, residentes na zona urbana de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 1.026 mulheres, no ano 2003. A associação entre as variáveis e o desfecho foi avaliada por meio das razões de prevalência e dos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada segundo modelo hierarquizado. Entre 1.022 mulheres, 136 (13,3%; IC95%: 11,2-15,4) não utilizaram os serviços ambulatoriais de saúde nos últimos 12 meses que precederam a entrevista. Demonstrou-se que as mulheres inseridas nas classes econômicas C, D e E, com menos anos de estudo e com renda mais baixa apresentaram menor utilização dos serviços de saúde. Assim, as mulheres com maiores necessidades e mais vulneráveis apresentaram menor utilização dos serviços de saúde, sugerindo condições desfavoráveis no sistema de saúde local, apontando para a presença de falta de universalidade e iniqüidade no acesso.

The aim of this study was to verify the use of outpatient health services and associated factors among women ages 20 to 60 years living in the urban area of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,026 women in 2003. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was evaluated by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Poisson regression was used with a hierarchical model. Among 1,022 women, 136 (13.3%; 95%CI: 11.2-15.4) had not used outpatient services in the 12 months prior to the interview. Women in lower socioeconomic classes (C, D, and E), with less schooling, and with lower income showed lower use of outpatient health services. Thus, the most vulnerable women and those with the greatest health needs showed the lowest use of health services, suggesting unfavorable conditions in the local health system and pointing to the presence of lack of universal care and equal access.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a utilização dos serviços ambulatoriais de saúde e fatores associados pelas mulheres de 20 a 60 anos, residentes na zona urbana de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 1.026 mulheres, no ano 2003. A associação entre as variáveis e o desfecho foi avaliada por meio das razões de prevalência e dos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada segundo modelo hierarquizado. Entre 1.022 mulheres, 136 (13,3%; IC95%: 11,2-15,4) não utilizaram os serviços ambulatoriais de saúde nos últimos 12 meses que precederam a entrevista. Demonstrou-se que as mulheres inseridas nas classes econômicas C, D e E, com menos anos de estudo e com renda mais baixa apresentaram menor utilização dos serviços de saúde. Assim, as mulheres com maiores necessidades e mais vulneráveis apresentaram menor utilização dos serviços de saúde, sugerindo condições desfavoráveis no sistema de saúde local, apontando para a presença de falta de universalidade e iniqüidade no acesso.

The aim of this study was to verify the use of outpatient health services and associated factors among women ages 20 to 60 years living in the urban area of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,026 women in 2003. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was evaluated by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Poisson regression was used with a hierarchical model. Among 1,022 women, 136 (13.3%; 95%CI: 11.2-15.4) had not used outpatient services in the 12 months prior to the interview. Women in lower socioeconomic classes (C, D, and E), with less schooling, and with lower income showed lower use of outpatient health services. Thus, the most vulnerable women and those with the greatest health needs showed the lowest use of health services, suggesting unfavorable conditions in the local health system and pointing to the presence of lack of universal care and equal access.