Abstract We investigated the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C), methionine synthetase (MTR A2756G), and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) polymorphisms involved in folate pathway and breast cancer risk, and the interaction between these polymorphisms and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and clinicopathological variables. This case-control study included 606 Brazilian women, comprising 128 patients with breast cancer and 478 controls. MTHFR and MTR polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and MTRR polymorphisms using real-time PCR. Age ≥50 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-4.26; p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.0-2.85; p=0.021) were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. For MTHFR A1298C, we observed a reduced risk of developing breast cancer in the codominant model (genotype CC-OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06-0.74; p=0.014), recessive model (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.76 p=0.004), and log-additive model (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49-0.98; p=0.035). Women aged ≥50 years and those who are alcohol consumers had increased susceptibility to breast cancer, and MTHFR A1298C modulated the risk for this disease. This is the first study to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in folate metabolism and breast cancer in the northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil.

Experiência:O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento de dados clínicos e fatores sociodemográficos e de risco de pacientes com câncer colorretal esporádico (CCRE) tratados entre 2004 e 2008 no Serviço de Coloproctologia de um hospital-escola na região Noroeste de São Paulo.Métodos:Foram analisados 749 prontuários clínicos. Destes, 460 foram de pacientes com câncer de cólon e de 289 de pacientes com câncer retal. A maioria dos indivíduos era da raça branca, com mais de 62 anos de idade. As variáveis analisadas foram gênero, idade, cor da pele, ocupação profissional, consumo de álcool e tabagismo, história familiar de câncer e co-morbidades. A identificação do perfil clínico-sociodemográfico e dos fatores de risco em uma população com CCRE na região noroeste de São Paulo foi realizada para colaborar com as estratégias de prevenção.Resultados:A ocorrência de CCRE não diferiu muito entre gêneros. As ocupacões profissionais mais prevalentes foram as relacionadas aos afazeres domésticos, atividades agrícolas e comerciais. Entre as comorbidades, hipertensão e colelitíase foram as mais representativas. O método de diagnóstico e de tratamento mais comum para a maioria dos pacientes foi colonoscopia e cirurgia, respectivamente. Em média, o tempo de progressão da doença foi de oito meses. O número mediano de linfonodos extirpados variou entre 11 e 14. A metástase mais comum foi a hepática.Conclusão:A ocorrência de câncer colorretal é mais frequente em homens de pele branca com idade superior a 62 anos. A ocupação profissional parece ser mais importante para as pessoas expostas a agentes cancerígenos. Este tipo de tumor afeta principalmente as regiões distais do cólon e do reto, com a ocorrência de metástases no fígado. Geralmente, os indivíduos afetados exibem baixa sobrevida, devido à alta agressividade dessa neoplasia.

Background:This study aims to perform a survey on clinical data, sociodemographic and risk factors from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) treated between 2004 and 2008 in the Coloproctology Service of a teaching hospital in the North-western region of São Paulo.Methods:We analyzed 749 medical records. Of these, 460 were from colon cancer patients and 289 from rectal cancer patients. Most of the individuals had white skin and were aged over 62 years. The variables that were analyzed included gender, age, skin color, professional occupation, alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking, family history of cancer, and comorbidities. The identification of the clinical-sociodemographic profile and risk factors in a population with the SCRC the northwest region of São Paulo was performed to collaborate with prevention strategies.Results:The occurrence of SCRC did not differ much between genders. The most prevalent professional occupations were those related to household chores, agricultural and commercial activities. Among the comorbidities, hypertension and cholelithiasis were the most representative. The most common diagnosis method and treatment for the majority of patients were coloscopy and surgery, respectively. On average, the time of the disease progression was eight months. The median number of lymph nodes excised ranged between 11 and 14. The most common metastasis was hepatic.Conclusion:The occurrence of colorectal cancer is more frequent in men's white skin with aged over 62 years. Professional occupation seems to be more important for those exposed to carcinogenic agents. This type of tumor mostly affects the distal regions of the colon and rectum with the occurrence of liver metastasis. The affected individuals usually have low survival due to its high aggressiveness.