RESUMO Fitorremediação, como implementação de microalgas no tratamento de efluentes, é utilizada para remover compostos nitrogenados e fósforo que podem causar eutrofização. O presente estudo avaliou a fitorremediação de águas residuárias urbanas e piscicultura e o desempenho zootécnico do Litopenaeus vannamei, usando Chlorella vulgaris. As microalgas foram cultivadas em três tratamentos (efluente da estação de tratamento de esgoto T1 STS, efluente aquícola T2 FF e T3 meio padrão (SM) Guillard f/2), conduzidos em quintuplicata para cada meio de cultura, utilizando garrafão de 20 L por 8 dias. 5 L de inóculo (25%) mais 15 L de meio de cultura, T1 STS, T2 FF e T3 SM (75% de cada) foram usados para iniciar o estudo. O experimento com camarões foi realizado com três tratamentos em quintuplicata, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, durante 15 dias. Os animais foram mantidos em tanques de 100 L sob aeração constante, resultando em concentração acima de 5,0 mg L− 1 de oxigênio dissolvido, densidade de 70 animais m-3, alimentados quatro vezes ao dia (8:00, 11 : 00, 14:00 e 16:00 h) ofertando ração comercial T1 (C-Feed) com 35% de proteína bruta, T2 e T3 com ração comercial mais adição de 5% de biomassa seca de C. vulgaris. O melhor resultado para o desempenho de algas, biomassa lipídica e remoção de nutrientes foi o FF. O aditivo com melhor desempenho foi FF-Feed. C. vulgaris possui alto potencial para remoção de nutrientes de águas residuárias, produção de biomassa e lipídios, além de aumentar a produtividade do camarão.

ABSTRACT Phytoremediation, as the implementation of microalgae in the treatment of effluents, is used to remove nitrogen compounds and phosphorus that can cause eutrophication in receiving water bodies. The present study evaluated the phytoremediation of urban and fish farming wastewater and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei using microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Microalgae were cultivated stationary with three treatments: T1 sewage treatment station effluent (STS), T2 fish farming effluent (FF) and T3 with standard medium (SM) Guillard f/2), conducted in quintuplicate for each culture medium, using a 20 L carboy for eight days. 5.0 L inoculum (25%) plus 15 L culture medium, T1 STS, T2 FF and T3 SM (75% of each) were used to start the experiment. The shrimp experiment was realized with three treatments in quintuplicates, completely randomized design, during 15 days. The animals were maintained in tanks of 100 L under constantly aerated, resulting in a concentration above 5.0 mg L− 1 of dissolved oxygen, in a density of 70 animals m-3, fed four times per day (8:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h) offering to T1 commercial feed (C-Feed) with 35% crude protein, T2 and T3 with commercial feed plus addition of 5.0% dry biomass of C. vulgaris. The best result for algal perfomance, lipid biomass and nutrient removal was with Fish farm wastewater. The additive with the highest performance was FF-Feed. C. vulgaris has a high potential for removing nutrients from wastewater, producing biomass and lipids, in addition to increasing shrimp productivity.

Abstract A kinetic model was developed to represent the radical-scavenging capacity (RSC) for the oxidation of oils. The model was developed using second-order rate constants (k2) to represent the RSC. The RSC of the oils can be compared by the k2 values indicating their scavenging capacity. Furthermore, the k2 values can be used to determine the decay kinetic of oils prone to attack by free radicals and to determine the amount of antiradicals that should be added as protective agent to these oils. As a case study, the antiradical capacity of four oils produced from tropical and subtropical fruits (avocado, nance, palm and peach palm) were studied using the DPPH• assay.

Resumo: É notório que a História Medieval tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço entre os historiadores brasileiros. Além do aumento no número de pesquisadores, laboratórios, publicações e eventos na área, observamos também que a pesquisa em Idade Média apresenta hoje uma diversificação nas temáticas, abordagens metodológicas, conjuntos documentais, o que favoreceu um enriquecimento e fortalecimento dos estudos medievais no Brasil, tanto nos diálogos internos, entre pesquisadores de instituições nacionais, quanto no cenário internacional. Neste dossiê, propomos trazer artigos que discutam as relações de poder e autoridade nos usos da justiça durante o período medieval. Os trabalhos aqui apresentados, além de problematizarem as reflexões sobre o poder e a justiça na Idade Média a partir de uma perspectiva da nova História Política e da nova História Cultural, também abrem espaço para possíveis diálogos com áreas como o Direito e a Ciência Política.

Abstract: It is notorious that Medieval History has gained more and more space among Brazilian historians. In addition to the increase in the number of researchers, laboratories, publications and events in these area, we also observe a research in the Middle Ages, which today presents a diversification in the technical themes, methodological approaches, document sets, that favors an improvement and strengthens the medieval studies in Brazil, both in internal dialogues, between researchers from national institutions, and on the international scene. In this dossier, we propose to bring articles that discuss how power and authority relations in the uses of justice during the medieval period. The works proposed here, in addition to problems such as reflections on power and justice in the Middle Ages, start from a perspective of the new Political History and the new Cultural History, also open space for possible dialogues with areas such as Law and Political Science.

RESUMO A multiplicação da capacidade do poder real de levantar informações por meio de um aparato judicial cada vez mais complexo tornava a guerra da fixação de memórias por escrito bastante desigual na segunda metade do século XV. Os príncipes, por mais que se organizassem por meio de ligas, cartas, selos e promessas, estavam diante de um poder real cada vez mais intrusivo, bem informado por espiões e comissionados, economicamente hegemônico e militarmente muito superior. A despeito do esforço de preservação da honra alto-nobiliárquica e da razoável fidelidade demonstrada pelos fiéis de Nemours, a capacidade de produção de verdade jurídica do inquérito extraordinário era algo profundo. Inquirir, comparar, classificar, coagir, moldar percepções eram, em conjunto, uma poderosa arma do poder real.

ABSTRACT The multiplication of the capacity of the royal power to raise information by means of an increasingly complex judicial apparatus made the writing war of memories very uneven in the second half of the fifteenth century. Princes, however organized by means of leagues, letters, seals, and promises, faced an increasingly intrusive royal power well informed by spies and commissioners, economically hegemonic and militarily far superior. Despite the effort to preserve the high-nobiliarchic honor and the reasonable fidelity shown by the faithful of Nemours, the ability to produce legal truth from the extraordinary inquiry was profound. Inquiring, comparing, classifying, coercing, shaping perceptions were, together, a powerful weapon in those of real power.

RESUMO As microalgas são bastante utilizadas na aquicultura como alimento para pós-larvas de moluscos, peixes e crustáceos em decorrência da facilidade de cultivo, ao pequeno tamanho, acentuada velocidade de crescimento e alto teor de ácidos graxos. Esses microrganismos também acumulam grandes quantidades de óleo, que podem ser extraídos e convertidos por processos químicos em biodiesel. Nesse trabalho, foi cultivada a microalga de água doce Chlorella vulgaris com uréia (solução estoque 1), superfosfato triplo (solução estoque 2) e vitaminas (solução estoque 3), nos meios de cultivo, em triplicata, usando três diferentes quantidades das soluções estoque 1 e 2, mas com uma quantidade constante de vitaminas, com 0,5; 1 e 2 mL (T0,5; T1 e T2, respectivamente). Com isso, acompanhamos o crescimento das microalgas, floculamos através de floculação química, com adição de uma solução de NaOH 2N, secamos em estufa com renovação de ar a 60 ºC por 24 horas, pesamos a biomassa seca em balança semi analítica e extraímos o óleo utilizando solventes. Assim, observamos que quanto maior a quantidade de nutrientes nos meios de cultivo ocorreu o mais elevado crescimento das algas e obtenção de biomassa seca, mas inversamente a isso, o melhor teor de óleo foi observado quando as microalgas foram cultivadas utilizando a menor quantidade de nutrientes nos meios de cultura (20,13±0,19%). Por fim, no Tratamento T2, mesmo tendo o percentual menor de óleo (18,95%), a quantidade de biomassa produzida compensa na produtividade de óleo, e utilizando uma menor quantidade de nutrientes nos maios de cultivo.

ABSTRACT Microalgae are commonly used in aquiculture as feed for postlarval mollusks, fish and crustaceans because they are easy to grow, small in size, grow rapidly and have high levels of fatty acids. These microorganisms also accumulate high amounts of oil, which can be extracted and converted into biodiesel using chemical processes. In this work, freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was grown in the Live Food Production Laboratory (LABPAV/IFCE Aracati Campus), with urea (stock solution 1), triple superphosphate (stock solution 2) and vitamins (stock solution 3), in growth medium, in triplicate, using three different quantities of stock solutions 1 and 2, but with a constant amount of vitamins. The quantities of 0.5, 1 and 2 mL (T0.5, T1 and T2, respectively) were used for both stock solutions. We then monitored the growth of the microalgae, flocculated through chemical flocculation by adding a NaOH 2N solution, air-oven dried at 60 ºC for 24 hours, weighed the dried biomass on a semi-analytical balance, and extracted the oil using solvents. We thus observed that algal growth intensified and dry biomass increased as the amount of nutrients increased in the growth media; inversely, the best oil level was observed in the treatment using the lowest amount of nutrients in the growth media where the microalgae developed (20.13±0.19%). Finally, in Treatment T2, even with the lowest percentage of oil (18.95%), the amount of biomass produced compensates in the oil productivity, and using a lower amount of nutrients in the media of culture.

Abstract Castor oil maleate is used in healthcare products, synthetic lubricants, drying oils, water-soluble paints and as a monomer in several polymers. This compound is formed by direct reaction between castor oil and maleic anhydride, which can be accelerated using free radical catalysts. In this work, the influence of processing temperature and the concentration of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) in the production of castor oil maleate was studied applying response surface methodology. The results showed that the use of the radical initiator increased the rate of reaction, leading to a shorter reaction time and higher productivity. The optimal operating condition was found at 120ºC, 1 mol of maleic anhydride/mol of castor oil and 0.005 mol of DTBP/mol of castor oil, yielding 90.2% of castor oil maleate in 90 min.

Resumo Este artigo reavalia a leitura feita pela teórica brasileira Rosemary Arrojo do conto “Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote”, do escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges; propõe que suas conclusões sobre o conto podem ser excessivas, e questiona até que ponto o conto pode ser lido como uma obra sobre tradução. A primeira seção esquematiza brevemente a visão da desconstrução sobre a linguagem, e o trabalho de Arrojo; a segunda resume a análise que faz Arrojo do conto, conforme aparece em seu Oficina de tradução; a terceira expões suas limitações: sua natureza alegórica, seu embasamento em uma problemática amálgama entre leitura, interpretação e tradução, as dificuldades em se alinhar o conto aos pressupostos centrais do logocentrismo e as contradições internas do logocentrismo; a seção final avalia o papel de um comentário de George Steiner para a formação da opinião de que o conto versa sobre tradução.

Abstract This article revaluates Brazilian theorist Rosemary Arrojo’s reading of “Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote”, by Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges, proposing that her claims might be excessive, and calling into question the extent to which “Pierre Menard” can be read as a piece on translation. The first section briefly sketches deconstruction’s view on language and Arrojos’ own work; the second summarizes Arrojo’s analysis as contained in Oficina de tradução; the third exposes its limitations: its allegorical nature, its drawing upon a problematically amalgamating take on reading, interpretation and translation, the story’s difficult alignment with certain logocentric tenets and internal limitations of logocentrism’s take on language; the final section evaluates the role of George Steiner’s commentary on the short story as formative of the opinion that “Pierre Menard” is about translation.

The swamp rats are distributed in Argentina, southern Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil, with two species currently accepted: Scapteromys aquaticus Thomas, 1920 and Scapteromys tumidus Waterhouse, 1837. While S. aquaticus occurs in Argentina, Paraguay and western Uruguay, S. tumidus occurs in Brazil and Uruguay. Here we report for the first time the occurrence of S. aquaticus in gallery forest remnants in Southern Brazil. Karyologic analysis showed 2n = 32 and FNa = 40. Phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene indicate that the Brazilian and the Argentinian specimens of S. aquaticus shared one haplotype, while median joining analysis showed lack of population structure. This register, plus the karyotype data available for Brazilian population, recovered four karyomorphotypes in Brazil, corresponding to the two known species of Scapteromys and two unnamed species. This scenario indicates that more multidisciplinary studies are necessary to understand the actual diversity of Scapteromys.

O artigo apresenta análises de três telas da pintora mexicana Frida Kahlo - Las dos Fridas, Autorretrato en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos e Lo que el agua me dio - e está dividido em três partes, cada qual tratando de uma tela em particular, para, no momento seguinte, ligar seu estudo ao das demais. Norteia a leitura das primeiras a discussão da relação nacional/estrangeiro no trabalho de Kahlo; a análise da terceira mostra a superação da dicotomia através do conceito de mapa íntimo, no qual entra em cena uma tênue e instável territorialização da memória através da representação pictórica.

This article analyses three works by Mexican painter Frida Kahlo: Las dos Fridas (The Two Fridas), Autorretrato en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos (Self-Portrait on the Borderline between Mexico and the United States), and Lo que el agua me dio (What the Water Gave Me). Each work is first analyzed separately and then connected with the others. The analysis of the first two is guided by the national/foreign dichotomy present in Kahlo; the analysis of the third shows the overcoming of the dichotomy through the concept of intimate map - in which a feeble and ever-changing territorialization of memory via plastic expression comes to show.

Small mammals are found naturally infected by Schistosoma mansoni, becoming a confounding factor for control programs of schistosomiasis in endemic areas. The aims of this study were: to investigate the infection rates by S. mansoni on the water-rat Nectomys squamipes during four years in endemic areas of Sumidouro, state of Rio de Janeiro, using mark-recapture technique; to compare two diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis; and to evaluate the effects of the chemotherapy in the human infected population on the rodent infection rates. The rodent infection rates of S. mansoni increased when rodent population sizes were lower. Coprology and serology results presented the same trends along time and were correlated. Serology could detect recent infection, including the false negatives in the coprology. The chemotherapy in the humans could not interrupt the rodent infection. Rodents can increase the schistosomiaisis transmission where it already exists, they probably maintain the transmission cycle in the nature and can be considered as biological indicators of the transmission sites of this parasite since they are highly susceptible to infection. The water-rats may present different levels of importance in the transmission dynamics of S. mansoni infection cycle for each area, and can be considered important wild-reservoirs of this human disease.

Due to the semi aquatic habits and the overlap of the geographical distribution of the water-rat, Nectomys spp., with schistosomiasis endemic areas, these wild rodents are very likely to acquire Schistosoma mansoni infection in their daily activities. The role of the water-rat in the S. mansoni cycle would be substantiated if one could prove that these rodents acquire the parasite during their own activity time, a completely independent time schedule of human activities. To pursue this goal, we performed two field experiments in the municipality of Sumidouro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a schistosomiasis endemic area where N. squamipes is found naturally infected. One experiment was devised as a series of observations of activity time of the water-rat. The other experiment was a test of the occurrence of late transmission of S. mansoni to the water-rat. The daily activity pattern showed that the water-rat is active chiefly just after sunset. At both diurnal and late exposition essays the water-rat sentinels got infected by S. mansoni. These findings clarify ecological and behavioral components necessary to the adaptation of S. mansoni to the water-rat as a non human definitive host and the existence of a transmission cycle involving this animals as a reservoir.

The development of polymer resins can benefit from the application of neural networks, using its great ability to correlate inputs and outputs. In this work we have developed a procedure that uses neural networks to correlate the end-user properties of a polymer with the polymerization reactor's operational condition that will produce that desired polymer. This procedure is aimed at speeding up the development of new resins and help finding the appropriate operational conditions to produce a given polymer resin; reducing experimentation, pilot plant tests and therefore time and money spent on development. The procedure shown in this paper can predict the reactor's operational condition with an error lower than 5%.