Resumo As regiões tradicionais de produção de pêssego apresentam frio adequado para a quebra de dormência das gemas de forma satisfatória, nas cultivares localmente desenvolvidas. No entanto, considerando a expansão dos pomares em áreas peachde inverno ameno e as tendências globais esperadas para condições mais quentes, o desenvolvimento local de cultivares tornou-se relevante. Com base nisso, este estudo propôs-se a avaliar o desempenho de 33 cultivares e seleções de pessegueiro e nectarineiraem clima de inverno ameno. Características associadas ao desenvolvimento vegetativo,fenologia, produtividade e características dos frutos foram medidas em nove safras; e os dados, analisados por análise de variância multivariada. Foram observadas correlaçõessignificativas entre as características. Os testes de Pillai e F apresentaram resultadossignificativos, destacando a presença de diferenças entre cultivares para quase todas as características.Os genótipos de pessegueiro e de nectarineira apresentaram diversidade genética que pode ser acessada para uso como cultivares, ou parentais para cruzamentos. As cultivares ‘IACAurora 1’, ‘IAC Aurora 2’, ‘IAC Centenário’, ‘IAC Douradão’, ‘IAC Jóia4’, ‘IACOuromel 3’, ‘IAC Régis’,‘Diamante’, ‘Eldorado’, ‘FlordaPrince’, ‘Premier’ e ‘Tropic Beauty’apresentaram os melhores resultados. Um grande número de seleções apresentou resultados promissores, destacando-`se ‘IAC 680-177’, ‘IAC 1085-27’, ‘IAC 785-9’, ‘IAC 2982-31’, ‘IAC 4682-45’ e‘IAC 6882-84’. satisfatória desenvolvidas entanto quentes tornouse tornou se relevante nisso propôsse propôs 3 vegetativofenologia vegetativo fenologia vegetativo,fenologia safras dados multivariada resultadossignificativos característicasOs cruzamentos IACAurora 1, 1 , 1’ IAC 2, 2 2’ Centenário, Centenário Centenário’ Douradão, Douradão Douradão’ Jóia4, Jóia4 Jóia Jóia4’ IACOuromel 3, 3’ Régis,‘Diamante, RégisDiamante Régis ,‘Diamante Diamante Régis’,‘Diamante’ ‘Eldorado, Eldorado ‘Eldorado ‘Eldorado’ ‘FlordaPrince, FlordaPrince ‘FlordaPrince ‘FlordaPrince’ ‘Premier Premier Tropic Beautyapresentaram Beauty promissores destacando`se destacandose `se 680177, 680177 680 177 680-177’ 108527, 108527 1085 27 1085-27’ 7859, 7859 785 9 785-9’ 298231, 298231 2982 31 2982-31’ 468245 4682 45 4682-45 eIAC 688284. 688284 6882 84 . 6882-84’ Régis,‘Diamante Régis’,‘Diamante 68017 68 17 680-177 10852 108 1085-27 78 785-9 29823 298 2982-31 46824 468 4 4682-4 68828 688 8 6882-84 6801 6 680-17 10 1085-2 7 785- 29 2982-3 46 4682- 6882-8 680-1 1085- 2982- 6882- 680-

Abstract Traditional peach production regions provide adequate chill for satisfactorily bud’s flower break dormancy, in cultivars there developed. However, considering the expansion of the orchards in mild winter areas and the expected global trends to warmer conditions, the local development of cultivars became relevant. Based on this background, this study proposed to evaluate the performance of 33 peach and nectarine cultivars and selections in mild winter climate. Features associated to the vegetative development, phenology, productivity and fruit characteristics were measured in nine seasons, and the data analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Significant correlations between features were remarked. The Pillai and F tests presented significant results, highlighting significant differences among cultivars for almost all features. Peach and nectarine genotypes showed genetic diversity that may be accessed for use as cultivars, or parental for crosses. ‘IAC Aurora 1’, ‘IAC Aurora 2’, ‘IAC Centenário’, ‘IAC Douradão’, ‘IAC Jóia4’, ‘IAC Ouromel 3’, ‘IAC Régis’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Eldorado’, ‘FlordaPrince’, ‘Premier’ and ‘Tropic Beauty’ were the cultivars with the best results. A large number of selections showed promising results, emphasizing, the ‘IAC 680-177’, ‘IAC 1085-27’, ‘IAC 785-9’, ‘IAC 2982-31’, ‘IAC 4682-45’and ‘IAC 6882-84’. buds bud s dormancy developed However conditions relevant background 3 climate phenology seasons variance remarked results crosses IAC 1, 1 , 1’ 2, 2 2’ Centenário, Centenário Centenário’ Douradão, Douradão Douradão’ Jóia4, Jóia4 Jóia Jóia4’ 3, 3’ Régis, Régis Régis’ ‘Diamante, Diamante ‘Diamante ‘Diamante’ ‘Eldorado, Eldorado ‘Eldorado ‘Eldorado’ ‘FlordaPrince, FlordaPrince ‘FlordaPrince ‘FlordaPrince’ ‘Premier Premier Tropic Beauty emphasizing 680177, 680177 680 177 680-177’ 108527, 108527 1085 27 1085-27’ 7859, 7859 785 9 785-9’ 298231, 298231 2982 31 2982-31’ 468245and 4682 45 688284. 688284 6882 84 . 6882-84’ 68017 68 17 680-177 10852 108 1085-27 78 785-9 29823 298 2982-31 468 4 68828 688 8 6882-84 6801 6 680-17 10 1085-2 7 785- 29 2982-3 46 6882-8 680-1 1085- 2982- 6882- 680-

Abstract ‘BRS Sarau’ is a highly productive peach cultivar widely adapted to the Southern and Southeast region of Brazil. It produces fruits of excellent flavor and shape, with attractive skin and flesh color, and its harvest starts near the Christmas holidays, when the demand for peaches is high. BRS Sarau Brazil shape color holidays high

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT: Compatibility between scion and rootstock is crucial for the success of grapevine graft production. The objective of the study was to evaluate different scion/rootstock combinations on survival, initial development, and oxidative stress associated with compatibility in grapevine. Experimental design was a randomized bifactorial scheme 4 × 5, and 15 plants per plot. Factor A consisted of four rootstocks (‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, and ‘Freedom’), and factor B consisted of five scion cultivars (‘BRS Carmem’, ‘BRS Magna’, ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel Precoce’, and ‘Concord Clone 30’). At 90 days after granting, the following variables were analyzed: graft survival percentage, leaf and roots number, leaf area, shoot and main root length, and dry mass of leaf and roots, and stems. Oxidative stress was evaluated in combinations of scion/rootstock with high and low survival rates at 0, 10, and 20 days after removal from the forcing chamber, based on peroxidases (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The combination with the best initial development was ‘IAC 572 Jales/BRS Carmem’. ‘Paulsen 1103’ showed low compatibility with ‘Isabel Precoce’, reducing overall development. Combinations with high grafts survival rates exhibited higher SOD activity and lower POX activity and H2O2 content. In conclusion, the rootstocks ‘IAC 572 Jales’ and ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ promoted, respectively, the highest and lowest grafts survival rates and initial development. production scionrootstock 5 1 plot IAC 57 Jales, Jales , 76 Campinas, Campinas Paulsen 1103, 1103 ‘Freedom, Freedom ‘Freedom ‘Freedom’) BRS Carmem, Carmem Carmem’ Magna, Magna Magna’ ‘Bordô, Bordô ‘Bordô ‘Bordô’ Isabel Precoce, Precoce Precoce’ Concord 30. 30 . 30’) 9 granting analyzed percentage number area length stems 0 10 2 chamber (POX (SOD H2O2. HO H O (H2O2) JalesBRS Carmem. H2O content conclusion promoted respectively 7 110 ‘Freedom’ 3 30’ (H2O2 11 (H2O

RESUMO ‘BRS Magna’ foi lançada com o objetivo de melhorar a cor, doçura e sabor do suco de uva brasileiro. Portanto, é necessário testar esta cultivar em diferentes porta-enxertos, a fim de identificar as combinações copa/porta-enxerto que melhor contribuam para o objetivo do empreendimento nas condições de cultivo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes porta-enxertos nos componentes de produção e nas características físicas do cacho e da baga da videira ‘BRS Magna’. A pesquisa foi conduzida no vinhedo implantado na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), localizada no município de Pato Branco, Paraná. A ‘BRS Magna’ foi enxertada em 10 porta-enxertos: ‘Kober 5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘420A’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Freedom’, ‘ IAC 313 Tropical’ e ‘101-14 MGT’. Durante três anos agrícolas foram avaliados a produção, a produtividade, vigor vegetativo, o número de cachos, o peso médio do cacho por planta, o comprimento e a largura do cacho e da baga, bem como o peso médio da baga. A análise de variância mostrou interação entre porta-enxertos e anos de produção para todas as variáveis. ‘BRS Magna’ apresentou alternância nos componentes de produção, vigor vegetativo e nas características físicas de cacho e baga entre as culturas avaliadas. Nas condições de cultivo estudadas, o porta-enxerto recomendado para a cultivar ‘BRS Magna’ é o ‘IAC 572 Jales’. Por outro lado, ‘101-14 MGT’ e ‘420 A’ não são recomendados como porta-enxerto para esta cultivar. BRS Magna cor brasileiro Portanto portaenxertos, portaenxertos porta enxertos, enxertos copa/portaenxerto copaportaenxerto copa/porta enxerto copa Assim Magna. . UTFPR, UTFPR , (UTFPR) Branco 1 Kober 5BB, 5BB BB 5BB’ ‘SO4, SO4 SO ‘SO4 ‘SO4’ 76 Campinas, Campinas Campinas’ ‘Harmony, Harmony ‘Harmony ‘Harmony’ Paulsen 1103, 1103 1103’ ‘420A, 420A ‘420A ‘420A’ 57 Jales, Jales Jales’ ‘Freedom, Freedom ‘Freedom ‘Freedom’ 31 Tropical ‘10114 10114 ‘101 14 101 ‘101-1 MGT. MGT produtividade cachos planta variáveis avaliadas estudadas portaenxerto Jales. lado 420 ‘42 copaporta (UTFPR ‘SO 7 110 5 3 ‘1011 1011 ‘10 ‘101- 42 ‘4 11 ‘1 4

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Magna’ was released with the aim of improving the colour, sweetness, and flavour of Brazilian grape juice. Therefore, it is necessary to test this cultivar on different rootstocks in order to identify the canopy/rootstock combinations that best contribute to the purpose of the enterprise under cultivation conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the yield components and physical characteristics of the bunch and berry of the ‘BRS Magna’ grapevine. The research was conducted in the vineyard established in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), located in the municipality of Pato Branco, Paraná. The ‘BRS Magna’ was grafted onto 10 rootstocks: ‘Kober 5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘420A’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Freedom’, ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, and ‘101-14 MGT’. For three agricultural years, production, productivity, vegetative vigor, number of bunches, and average bunch weight per plant, length and width of bunch and berry, as well as average berry weight were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed a interaction between rootstocks and production years for all variables. ‘BRS Magna’ showed alternation in yield components, vegetative vigor and physical characteristics of bunch and berry between the evaluated crops. Under the cultivation conditions studied, the recommended rootstock for the ‘BRS Magna’ cultivar is ‘IAC 572 Jales’. On the other hand, ‘101-14 MGT’ and ‘420 A’ are not recommended as rootstock for this cultivar. BRS Magna colour sweetness juice Therefore canopyrootstock canopy Thus grapevine UTFPR, UTFPR , (UTFPR) Branco 1 Kober 5BB, 5BB BB 5BB’ ‘SO4, SO4 SO ‘SO4 ‘SO4’ IAC 76 Campinas, Campinas Campinas’ ‘Harmony, Harmony ‘Harmony ‘Harmony’ Paulsen 1103, 1103 1103’ ‘420A, 420A A ‘420A ‘420A’ 57 Jales, Jales Jales’ ‘Freedom, Freedom ‘Freedom ‘Freedom’ 31 Tropical, Tropical Tropical’ ‘10114 10114 ‘101 14 101 ‘101-1 MGT. MGT . productivity bunches plant variables crops studied Jales. hand 420 ‘42 (UTFPR ‘SO 7 110 5 3 ‘1011 1011 ‘10 ‘101- 42 ‘4 11 ‘1 4 ‘

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting potential and propagation of seventeen grapevinevine rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Canoinhas - Santa Catarina, in 2018 and 2019. Woody canes from the grapevine rootstocks 99R, 110R, 420 A Mgt, 101-14 Mgt, IAC 766, IAC 313, IAC 572, Courdec 3309, Freedom, Gravesac, Harmony, Kober 5BB, Paulsen 1103, Salt Creek, Solferino, SO4 and VR043-43 were collected during dormancy period. After 45 days of the experiment installation, parameters considered as quality indi cators were evaluated: percentage of rooting; average number and length of roots, number of leaves and length of branches. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The rootstocks showed different rooting behaviors, and it is concluded that 101-14 Mgt, IAC 572, Courdec 3309, Freedom, Gravesac, Harmony and Paulsen 1103 have greater rooting and propagation potential. While 110 R, 420 A Mgt and VR 043-43 present difficulties in propagation, due to low rooting, low number of roots and low average length of roots; requiring the use of exogenous auxin, in order to increase rooting rates.

Resumo Avaliou-se o desempenho agronômico após o plantio de diferentes tipos de mudas das variedades ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’ e ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ enxertadas em ‘Paulsen 1.103’. Os fatores testados foram as variedades copa e tipos de mudas (RN- raiz nua enxertado à máquina; EV- porta-enxerto de raiz nua com enxertia verde no verão; EI- porta-enxerto enraizado com substrato comercial plantados na primavera e enxertados no campo no inverno; FE-portaenxerto mantido em forçagem e enxertia após a emissão de raízes; BI-porta-enxerto de raiz nua e enxertia a campo no inverno; BE-enxertia de porta-enxertos de raiz nua levados ao campo após o inchamento das gemas da variedade copa). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso. A variedade ‘Chardonnay’ apresentou desenvolvimento mais lento em relação às demais, independentemente do tipo de muda utilizado. É possível a implantação de vinhedos comerciais com todos os tipos de mudas avaliados. As mudas produzidas por BE, RN e FE proporcionam maior taxa de sobrevivência das mudas após o plantio em campo.

Abstract Agronomic performance of different types of Chardonnay, Malbec, Merlot and Sauvignon Blanc vines grafted on ‘1103 Paulsen’ rootstock were evaluated after planting in Videira-SC. The treatment factors tested were the variety scions and grafted plants: RN – year-old bare root produced by omega grafting, EV – year-old bare root rootstock grafted in the summer, EI – rootstock cuttings rooted first in pots and then planted in the field at the end of spring and grafted in the following winter, FE - rootstock cuttings incubated for callusing and grafted just after the emission of first roots and then planted in the field, BI – year-old bare root rootstocks planted in the field in the winter and then grafted in the following winter, BE –year-old bare root rootstocks grafted and planted in the field after the scion buds started sprouting. The study was carried out as a randomized block experimental design. The ‘Chardonnay’ variety showed slower growth compared to the others, regardless of the grafted plant used. It is possible to implement commercial vineyards using all the types of grafted plants evaluated. The vines produced by BE, RN and FE presented a higher survival rate after being planted in the field.

RESUMO: Os porta-enxertos são amplamente utilizados na viticultura devido à sua resistência aos estresses biótico e abiótico. Além disso, os porta-enxertos podem afetar o crescimento da videira e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a compatibilidade e o desenvolvimento inicial de videiras ‘BRS Magna’ enxertada em diferentes porta-enxertos. A técnica de enxertia em fenda foi utilizada. A porcentagem de sobrevivência variou de 0% (VR043-43) a 98,33% (101-14 MGT) e os porta-enxertos foram agrupados em três grupos distintos. Os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 313 Tropical’ e ‘SO4’ foram os de maior vigor em relação ao crescimento inicial da parte aérea. Já ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Harmony’, ‘3309 Couderc’ e ‘Gravesac’ tiveram o melhor equilíbrio entre o crescimento inicial da parte aérea e o desenvolvimento das raízes. ‘BRS Magna’ quando enxertada nos porta-enxertos ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘SO4’ e ‘101-14 MGT’ apresentou as maiores taxas de desenvolvimento inicial, enquanto que, quando enxertada em ‘R99’, ‘R110’ e ‘420A’, apresentou os menores valores iniciais de desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and fruit quality. This study evaluated the compatibility and initial developmental of the ‘BRS Magna’ grafted on different rootstocks The wedge graft technique on woody cuttings was utilized. The percentage of survival ranged from 0% (‘VR043-43’) to 98.33% (‘101-14 MGT’), and the rootstock were grouped into three distinct groups. ‘IAC 313 Tropical’ and ‘SO4’ rootstocks were those ones with the highest vigor in relation to initial shoot growth. However, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Harmony’, ‘3309 Couderc’ and ‘Gravesac’ had the best balance between initial shoot growth and root development. The ‘BRS Magna’ when grafted on rootstocks ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘SO4’ and ‘101-14 MGT’ showed the highest initial development rates, while when grafted on ‘R99’, ‘R110’ and ‘420A’, it showed the lowest initial development.

Abstract The Embrapa peach breeding program provides a processing peach cultivar, 'BRS Jaspe'. Over the years, the yield of this cultivar was stable and its fruits can be harvested by mid-November and have a good size and taste. It may represent an alternative to cultivar Granada, with a similar maturation period.

Abstract One of the reasons for the low market demand of blackberries in Brazil is the acid taste of the fresh fruit. The fruits of the newly released cultivar BRS Cainguá taste better and have a very attractive shape.

Resumo O pessegueiro foi introduzido no Brasil no século XVI; mas, apesar disso, o primeiro programa de melhoramento só teve início no País, no fim da década de 1940. Mais tarde, outros programas foram iniciados, mas os maiores e que mais contribuições deram à cultura do pessegueiro foram o do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas e o da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Atualmente, o pessegueiro é cultivado não apenas nas áreas mais frias do Sul do Brasil, mas também nas áreas subtropicais e tropicais de altitude, graças às dezenas de cultivares lançadas por estes programas de melhoramento genético. A produção de pêssego brasileira destina-se ao mercado interno, e no maior centro consumidor do País, São Paulo, a preferência é por pêssegos com polpa branca, doces, com baixa acidez e aparência atrativa. A cultivar BRS Serenata está sendo lançada com o objetivo de preencher a lacuna de pêssegos de polpa branca, entre a estação de ‘BRS Kampai’ e ‘BRS Fascínio’.

Abstract Even though the peach tree was introduced in Brazil during the XVI century, it was only on the 1940’s that the first peach breeding program started in the country. Later on, other programs started being, until now, the largest ones, and the programs that gave more significant contributions to the peach crop development those from the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas and from Embrapa Temperate Agriculture. Presently, peach is cultivated not only in the colder areas of the South but also in the subtropics and high altitude areas of the tropics, due to dozens of cultivars released by these breeding programs. Peaches are sold entirely in the domestic market and in the largest consumers market, State of São Paulo, the preference is for white sweet flesh and low acid peaches with attractive appearance. The ‘BRS Serenata’ cultivar was released to fulfill a gap of white flesh peach between the seasons of ‘BRS Kampai’ and ‘BRS Fascínio’.

Resumo O adensamento de pomares tem se tornado uma alternativa viável na busca de maior aproveitamento da área e rentabilidade. Nesse sentido, o espaçamento e o sistema de condução a ser utilizado no plantio de pessegueiro são extremamente importantes para facilitar o manejo do pomar e sobretudo, maximizar a produtividade do pomar. Com base nisso, buscou-se avaliar a possibilidade de adensamento de pomares e o uso de diferentes números de pernadas principais a fim de recomendar a melhor forma de condução e espaçamento de plantio do pessegueiro cultivar BRS Rubimel. O plantio foi realizado no ano de 2010, na cidade de Fraiburgo – SC e oito tratamentos com diferentes espaçamentos entre as plantas nas linhas e número de pernadas foram avaliados durante quatro safras (2013, 2014, 2015 e 2016): T1- 2 pernadas e 0,75 m; T2- 2 pernadas e 1,00 m; T3- 2 pernadas e 1,25 m; T4- 2 pernadas e 1,50 m; T5- 4 pernadas e 1,00 m; T6- 4 pernadas e 1,50 m; T7- 4 pernadas e 1,75 m; T8- 4 pernadas e 2,00 m, totalizando uma densidade de plantas de 2.667, 2.000, 1.600, 1.333, 2.000, 1.333, 1.143 e 1.000 por hectare, respectivamente. As variáveis analisadas foram o número de frutos por planta, produção por planta; produtividade; massa fresca dos frutos, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total, coloração de epiderme e firmeza de polpa. Concluiu-se que o adensamento de pomares é viável para pessegueiros do cultivar BRS Rubimel devido ao aumento da produtividade, sem decréscimo da qualidade dos frutos, sendo indicado espaçamento de 0,75 cm entre plantas e duas pernadas no “Y”. Outra opção com bons resultados é o uso do sistema de condução com quatro pernadas, indicada por proporcionar a manutenção de altas produtividades e a redução no número de plantas por hectare em relação aos tratamentos com duas pernadas.

Abstract The densification of orchards has become a viable alternative for producers seeking a greater use of current area, as well as greater profitability. In this sense, the spacing and training system to be used in the peach tree planting are extremely important to facilitate orchard management and, above all, to maximize tree yield. Based on this, the present research aimed to evaluate the possibility of orchard densification and the use of different numbers of main scaffolds to recommend the best way of training and spacing the ‘BRS Rubimel’ peach cultivar. The planting was carried out in 2010, in the city of Fraiburgo - SC, and eight treatments with different spacings between the plants in the rows and number of scaffolds were evaluated during four harvests (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016): T1- 2 scaffolds and 0.75 m; T2- 2 scaffolds and 1.00 m; T3- 2 scaffolds and 1.25 m; T4- 2 scaffolds and 1.50 m; T5- 4 scaffolds and 1.00 m; T6- 4 scaffolds and 1.50 m; T7- 4 scaffolds and 1.75 m; T8- 4 scaffolds and 2.00 m, totaling a plant density of 2667, 2000, 1600, 1333, 2000, 1333, 1143 and 1000 per hectare, respectively. The analyzed variables were the number of fruits per plant, production per plant (kg); productivity (t ha-1); fresh fruit mass (g), total soluble solids content (ºBrix), total acidity (meq L-1), epidermal coloring and pulp firmness (pounds). The highest yields were found in the treatment with two scaffolds and 0.75m between plants, as well as that with 4 scaffolds in 1.0 m spacing in the 2014 and 2015 crops and two scaffolds in 1.0m in the 2015 harvest. The fresh mass, soluble solids, total acidity and fruit firmness were not influenced by the different treatments. It was concluded that the densification of orchards is feasible for peach trees of the ‘BRS Rubimel’ cultivar due to the increase in productivity, without decreasing the quality of the fruits, indicating a spacing of 0.75 cm between plants and two scaffolds in the “Y-shape” as ideal. Another option with good results is the use of the four-scaffold “Y-shaped” training system, indicated for the ‘BRS Rubimel’ peach trees, due to the maintenance of high yields and reduction in the number of plants per hectare when compared to treatments with two scaffolds.

Abstract ‘BRS Citrino’ is a highly productive canning peach that has a round to conic shape. The flesh has a sweet acid flavor with a slight bitterness, giving a good quality product when canned. It is adapted to southern Rio Grande do Sul, where the production of processed peaches is concentrated.

ESUMO: As plantas de cobertura podem apresentar efeitos diretos ou indiretos sobre os atributos físicos e químicos do solo, desempenhando papel fundamental na ciclagem dos nutrientes e na adição de carbono orgânico lábil ao solo, trazendo benefícios econômicos e ecológicos ao sistema. Para estudar o efeito de plantas de cobertura sobre os atributos físicos e químicos de um Nitossolo Vermelho, foi conduzido por três anos um experimento com semeadura de diferentes espécies de inverno (trevo-branco, trevo-vermelho, ervilhaca-comum, nabo-forrageiro, espérgula, aveia-preta, centeio e azevém), além dos tratamentos com capina manual e roçada mecânica, em um vinhedo comercial localizado na Estação Experimental da Epagri em Videira, SC. Foram determinados alguns atributos químicos e físicos do solo em amostras coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2m de profundidade na linha e na entrelinha da cultura, além da massa seca das plantas de cobertura de inverno. As plantas de cobertura do solo alteram poucos atributos químicos e físicos do solo e não se diferenciam do manejo da vegetação espontânea com capinas manuais ou com roçadas mecânicas. A linha da cultura apresenta valores mais adequados da maioria dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo.

ABSTRACT: Cover crops may have direct or indirect effects on the physical and chemicalsoil attributes; these cropsplay a key role in the cycling of nutrients in the soil and add labile organic carbon, bringing economic and environmental benefits to the system. To study the effect of cover crops on the physical and chemical properties of an Oxisol, a three-year experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard located at Epagri’s Experimental Station in Videira, SC, Brazil. Different winter species (white clover, red clover, common vetch, turnip, corn spurrey, black oat, rye, and ryegrass) were sown in addition to treatments with manual weeding or mechanical mowing. Certain chemical and physical attributes of soil were determined in samples collected fromlayers 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2m deep on the vinerows and between rows, as well as the dry mass of winter cover crops. Few chemical and physical attributes of the soil changed among winter cover crops and did not differ from the crops managed with mechanical mowing or hand weeding of spontaneous vegetation. Vine rows provided more adequate values of most physical and chemical soil attributes.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar os descritores morfoagronômicos utilizados nos processos de proteção de cultivares no Brasil, por meio da caracterização de seis cultivares de maracujazeiro ornamental. As cultivares BRS Rubiflora, BRS Rosea Púrpura, BRS Céu do Cerrado, BRS Roseflora, BRS Estrela do Cerrado e BRS Pérola do Cerrado, 33 descritores morfoagronômicos e dois marcadores moleculares foram utilizados. Os descritores morfoagronômicos categóricos foram analisados por meio da distribuição de frequência e análises multivariadas. Os descritores morfoagronômicos quantitativos foram submetidos à análises de variância e à comparação entre médias das cultivares. Os marcadores "random amplified polymorphic DNA" (RAPD) e "inter-simple sequence repeats" (ISSR) foram usados para análise molecular. Observou-se alta taxa de validação dos descritores morfoagronômicos utilizados na proteção de cultivares. As análises de variância mostraram diferenças significativas entre os descritores quantitativos das cultivares, e os marcadores moleculares confirmaram as diferenças genéticas entre elas. Houve alta correlação entre as distâncias calculadas com base nos descritores morfoagronômicos categóricos e nos marcadores moleculares. Os descritores morfoagronômicos e os marcadores moleculares são úteis e complementares para a caracterização e a diferenciação das cultivares.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to validate the morphoagronomic descriptors used in the protection processes of plant cultivars in Brazil, by characterizing six cultivars of ornamental passion fruit. The BRS Rubiflora, BRS Rosea Púrpura, BRS Céu do Cerrado, BRS Roseflora, BRS Estrela do Cerrado, and BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivars, 33 morphoagronomic descriptors, and two molecular markers were used. The categorical morphoagronomic descriptors were analyzed by frequency distribution and multivariate analyses. The quantitative morphoagronomic descriptors were subjected to the analysis of variance and to the comparison of the means of each cultivar. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used for molecular analysis. A high-validation rate was observed for the morphoagronomic descriptors used in the protection of plant cultivars. The analyses of variance showed significant differences between the quantitative descriptors, and the molecular markers confirmed the genetic differences among the cultivars. There was a high correlation between the calculated distances based on the categorical morphoagronomic descriptors and molecular markers. The morphoagronomic descriptors and molecular markers are useful and complementary for the characterization and differentiation of cultivars.

RESUMO Mudas de frutíferas de caroço (Prunus spp.) são tradicionalmente produzidas pela união de dois genótipos distintos - o porta-enxerto e a cultivar copa - que, por meio da enxertia, formam uma planta composta. No Brasil, os porta-enxertos são predominantemente obtidos de sementes, normalmente resultando em plantas com heterogeneidade de suas características. Com os avanços nos programas de melhoramento genético de porta-enxertos, lançamentos de cultivares e programas de certificação de mudas em diversos países (notadamente na Europa), o sistema vêm gradativamente evoluindo para a propagação vegetativa (estaquia e cultura de tecidos), uso de sementes de genótipos selecionados com características específicas e produção de mudas em embalagens. Para a propagação das cultivares copa, a enxertia (com suas diversas variações) têm sido predominantemente adotada nos principais países produtores. O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica é abordar os principais métodos de propagação adotados para porta-enxertos e para copas em pessegueiro, nectarineira e ameixeira, e os avanços técnicos obtidos, bem como as necessidades de melhorias para a produção de mudas de qualidade.

ABSTRACT Nursery trees of stone fruits (Prunus spp.) are traditionally produced by union of two distinct genotypes - the rootstock and the scion - which, by grafting, form a composite plant that will be maintained throughout of all plant life. In Brazil, the rootstocks are predominantly seed propagated and therefore usually results in heterogeneous trees for vigor and edaphic adaptation. However, with advances in rootstock breeding programs that released cultivars and certification in several countries (notably in Europe), the system will come gradually evolving for vegetative propagation (cuttings and tissue culture) and use of seeds of selected rootstocks with specific characteristics and potted nursery trees production. For scion cultivar propagation, the budding system (with its many variations) has predominantly been adopted in major producing countries. This review had as objective to comment main propagation methods adopted for rootstocks and scion in peach, nectarine and plum, and recent technical progress obtained as well as the needs of improvement for nursery tree production.