Resumo Espécies de Peltula ocorrem em ambientes áridos e semiáridos e espécies novas têm sido constantemente descritas em todo o mundo. Neste mesmo sentido, a diversidade de liquens está sendo estudada na diversa, porém pouco conhecida, região centro-oeste do Brasil, e espécies e registros novos têm sido descobertos. Como parte do resultado, Peltula anthracina é proposta como nova para a ciência, e P. leptophylla e P. lingulata como novos registros para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Como a região é altamente ameaçada pela expansão das atividades agrícolas, os autores destacam a importância da conservação da vegetação natural para preservar a diversidade oculta dos liquens.

Abstract Peltula species occur in arid and semi-arid environments, with new species being regularly described worldwide. Lichen diversity is being studied in the diverse but poorly known Midwest region of Brazil, and new species and records are being proposed. In this paper, Peltula anthracina is proposed as new to science, and P. leptophylla and P. lingulata are reported as new records from Mato Grosso do Sul state. As it is a region highly threatened by the expansion of agricultural activities, the authors highlight the importance of the conservation of native flora to preserve lichens’ hidden diversity.

Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism consisting in the presence of two morphs in the population that differ reciprocally in the position of their sexual organs. Heterostylous species depend on visitors to produce fruits, but the efficiency of insect species as pollinators greatly varies and depends on the morph visited. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a single visit by the bees Apis mellifera and species of Augochloropsis on the fruit set of the distylous species Psychotria carthagenensis.After a single visit from each bee species, flowers were bagged to monitor the fruit set. Pollination effectiveness between pollinators and morphs was compared. The results of the experiments were compared with data from manual intermorph cross-pollination using the G test. There were no significant differences in the fruit set between treatments (insect visit and cross-pollination), and between flowers visited by Augochloropsis spp. and flowers visited by A. mellifera. Our results suggest that pollination effectiveness of the studied bees was not related to floral morph, and that both exotic and native bees showed similar performances on the fruit set of P. carthagenensis.