Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar linhagens experimentais de milho geneticamente resistentes à estria bacteriana causada por Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum, em duas safras. Os tratamentos foram realizados em um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, nas safras 2019/2020 e 2020/2021, em ambiente coberto e com ventilação aberta, com quatro repetições. Sete linhagens resistentes e sete suscetíveis a doenças foliares foram avaliadas, além de dois híbridos comerciais, utilizados como controles. No estágio de florescimento do milho, foi realizada a inoculação artificial com 3,78x1010 UFC mL−1 de suspensão bacteriana, e a incidência e a severidade da doença foram avaliadas, com base em escala diagramática, a cada sete dias. A partir destas avaliações, as áreas abaixo da curva de progresso da doença foram calculadas para cada linhagem, e as análises de variância individuais e conjuntas foram realizadas. Há variabilidade genética entre os genótipos de milho quanto à reação à estria bacteriana, com efeito significativo para as áreas sob as curvas de progresso da doença quanto à incidência (AUDPCI) e à severidade (AUDPCS) entre genótipos e entre safras, e quanto à interação genótipo x safra. As linhagens LV1 e L14 são possíveis genótipos fontes de resistência genética à estria bacteriana. pv vasculorum acaso 20192020 2019 2020 2019/202 20202021 2021 2020/2021 aberta repetições avaliadas comerciais controles 378x1010 3 78x1010 3,78x101 mL1 mL 1 mL− diagramática dias avaliações linhagem realizadas AUDPCI (AUDPCI AUDPCS (AUDPCS safra LV L L1 2019202 201 202 2019/20 2020202 2020/202 378x101 78x101 3,78x10 201920 20 2019/2 202020 2020/20 378x10 78x10 3,78x1 20192 2 2019/ 20202 2020/2 378x1 78x1 3,78x 2020/ 378x 78x

Abstract The objective of this work was to select experimental corn lines genetically resistant to the bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum, in two growing seasons. The treatments were carried out in an experimental randomized block design in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons, under a covered environment, with open ventilation, with four replicates. Seven lines resistant to and seven susceptible to foliar diseases were evaluated, in addition to two commercial hybrids used as checks. At the corn flowering stage, an artificial inoculation containing 3.78x1010 CFU mL−1 of bacterial suspension was performed, and disease incidence and severity were assessed, based on a diagrammatic scale, every seven days. From these evaluations, the areas under the disease progress curve for each line were calculated, and individual and joint analyses of variance were performed. There is genetic variability among the corn genotypes for reaction to bacterial leaf streak, with a significant effect for the areas under the disease progress curve for incidence (AUDPCI) and severity (AUDPCS) between genotypes and between growing seasons, and for the genotype x season interaction. Lines LV1 and L14 are possible source genotypes for genetic resistance to the bacterial leaf streak. pv vasculorum seasons 20192020 2019 2020 2019/202 20202021 2021 2020/202 environment ventilation replicates evaluated checks stage 378x1010 3 78x1010 3.78x101 mL1 mL 1 mL− performed assessed scale days evaluations calculated AUDPCI (AUDPCI AUDPCS (AUDPCS interaction LV L L1 2019202 201 202 2019/20 2020202 2020/20 378x101 78x101 3.78x10 201920 20 2019/2 202020 2020/2 378x10 78x10 3.78x1 20192 2 2019/ 20202 2020/ 378x1 78x1 3.78x 378x 78x

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de tuberculosis, coronavirus, condiciones crónicas y vulnerabilidades en inmigrantes y refugiados en Brasil. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, del tipo encuesta electrónica, realizado con migrantes internacionales durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para el análisis se aplicó estadística descriptiva, con cálculo de medidas de posición y dispersión. En cuanto a las variables categóricas, se estimaron las frecuencias relativas y absolutas. Resultados: participaron del estudio 553 inmigrantes y refugiados, la prevalencia de tuberculosis era del 3,07%, de COVID-19 del 7,2% y de condiciones crónicas del 27,3%. Entre las vulnerabilidades, el 32% reportó desempleo, el 37,6% emigró a Brasil por la situación social de su país y el 33,6% vivía en un asilo o albergue. Conclusión: la tuberculosis, las enfermedades crónicas y el COVID-19 fueron más prevalentes en inmigrantes y refugiados que en la población general. Por tratarse de una población que aún tiene grandes dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y sistemas de protección social, el estudio contribuirá, con base en la evidencia, a las políticas públicas, la atención de enfermería y la incorporación de nuevas rutinas en el servicio. Objetivo coronavirus Método transversal electrónica COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 descriptiva dispersión categóricas absolutas Resultados 55 307 3 07 3,07% COVID-1 72 7 2 7,2 273 27 27,3% 32 desempleo 376 37 6 37,6 336 33 33,6 albergue Conclusión general contribuirá evidencia públicas servicio COVID1 1 5 30 0 3,07 COVID- 7, 27,3 37, 33, 3,0 27, 3,

Abstract Objective: to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis, coronavirus, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees in Brazil. Method: this is a cross-sectional study of the electronic survey type conducted with international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis, with calculation of position and dispersion measures. Regarding the categorical variables, relative and absolute frequencies were estimated. Results: the study participants were 553 migrants and refugees, verifying 3.07%, 7.2% and 27.3% prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19 and chronic conditions, respectively. Among the vulnerabilities, 32% reported unemployment, 37.6% moved to Brazil as a result of the social situation in their countries and 33.6% were living as refugees or sheltered people. Conclusion: tuberculosis, chronic diseases and COVID-19 presented higher prevalence values in migrants and refugees than in the general population. As this is a population group that still has significant difficulty accessing health services and social protection systems, based on diverse evidence, the study will subsidize public policies, Nursing care and the incorporation of new routines in the service. Objective tuberculosis coronavirus Method crosssectional cross sectional COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic analysis measures variables estimated Results 55 307 3 07 3.07% 72 7 2 7.2 273 27 27.3 respectively 32 unemployment 376 37 6 37.6 336 33 33.6 people Conclusion systems evidence policies service COVID1 1 COVID- 5 30 0 3.07 7. 27. 37. 33. 3.0 3.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de tuberculose, coronavírus, condições crônicas e vulnerabilidades entre migrantes e refugiados no Brasil. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito eletrônico, realizado com migrantes internacionais durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para a análise, aplicou-se estatística descritiva, com cálculo de medidas de posição e de dispersão. Quanto às variáveis categóricas, estimaram-se as frequências relativas e absolutas. Resultados: participaram do estudo 553 migrantes e refugiados, verificando-se prevalência de 3,07% de tuberculose, 7,2% de COVID-19 e 27,3% de condições crônicas. Entre as vulnerabilidades, 32% referiram desemprego, 37,6% mudaram para o Brasil em decorrência da situação social do seu país e 33,6% residiam em asilo e ou abrigo. Conclusão: a tuberculose, as doenças crônicas e a COVID-19 apresentaram maior prevalência em migrantes e refugiados que na população em geral. Por tratar-se de uma população ainda com grande dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde e aos sistemas de proteção social, o estudo subsidiará, com base em evidências, as políticas públicas, o atendimento do enfermeiro e a incorporação de novas rotinas no serviço. Objetivo tuberculose coronavírus Método tratase trata se transversal eletrônico COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 análise aplicouse aplicou descritiva dispersão categóricas estimaramse estimaram absolutas Resultados 55 verificandose verificando 307 3 07 3,07 72 7 2 7,2 COVID-1 273 27 27,3 32 desemprego 376 37 6 37,6 336 33 33,6 abrigo Conclusão geral tratarse tratar subsidiará evidências públicas serviço COVID1 1 5 30 0 3,0 7, COVID- 27, 37, 33, 3,

ABSTRACT Tomato genotypes ( Solanum spp.) have genetic variability of most desirable features, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, incompatibility of crosses of wild genotypes with domesticated tomatoes, or even between wild genotypes, hinders the breeding process. Thus, knowledge of the reproductive biology of genotypes and conditions is necessary to maximize the success of artificial crossings. This study evaluated the compatibility of self-pollination, intra- and interspecific controlled crosses, stigma receptivity, and pollen viability in tomato genotypes. We used two commercial genotypes S. lycopersicum (‘RVTM08’ and ‘Redenção’) and seven accessions of wild tomato genotypes (‘AF 26970’, ‘LA-1401’, ‘AF 19684’, ‘LA-1967’, ‘PI-127826’, ‘PI-134417’, and ‘LA-716’). We evaluated all crosses and their reciprocals, besides the self-pollinations. The variables evaluated were fruit index (FI), number of seeds per fruit (SN), and seed germination percentage (GP). Stigma receptivity and grains’ pollen viability index (PVI) were also assessed. The results showed that ‘LA-1967’ was self-incompatible, had a low PVI, and generated fruit without seeds in most crosses. As female parents, ‘RVTM08’, ‘Redenção’, ‘AF 26970’, ‘LA-1401’, and ‘AF 19684’ showed higher FI and SN. There was a wide diversity of reproductive characteristics between the genotypes and crosses that did not influence GP. Compatibility of crosses in tomatoes is determined by the female parent choice and can be affected by stigma receptivity and the PVI. spp. spp features stresses However process Thus crossings selfpollination, selfpollination self pollination, pollination self-pollination intra S ‘RVTM08 RVTM08 RVTM (‘RVTM08 ‘Redenção Redenção ‘Redenção’ AF 26970, 26970 , 26970’ ‘LA1401, LA1401 LA ‘LA 1401 ‘LA-1401’ 19684, 19684 ‘LA1967, LA1967 1967 ‘PI127826, PI127826 PI ‘PI 127826 ‘PI-127826’ ‘PI134417, PI134417 134417 ‘PI-134417’ ‘LA716. LA716 716 . ‘LA-716’) reciprocals selfpollinations. selfpollinations pollinations. pollinations self-pollinations FI, (FI) SN, SN (SN) GP (GP) grains PVI (PVI assessed ‘LA1967 ‘LA-1967 selfincompatible, selfincompatible incompatible, incompatible self-incompatible parents ‘RVTM08, ‘RVTM08’ ‘Redenção, ‘RVTM0 RVTM0 (‘RVTM0 2697 ‘LA1401 LA140 140 ‘LA-1401 1968 LA196 196 ‘PI127826 PI12782 12782 ‘PI-127826 ‘PI134417 PI13441 13441 ‘PI-134417 ‘LA716 LA71 71 ‘LA-716’ (FI (SN (GP ‘LA196 ‘LA-196 ‘RVTM (‘RVTM 269 ‘LA140 LA14 14 ‘LA-140 LA19 19 ‘PI12782 PI1278 1278 ‘PI-12782 ‘PI13441 PI1344 1344 ‘PI-13441 ‘LA71 LA7 7 ‘LA-716 ‘LA19 ‘LA-19 26 ‘LA14 LA1 1 ‘LA-14 ‘PI1278 PI127 127 ‘PI-1278 ‘PI1344 PI134 134 ‘PI-1344 ‘LA7 ‘LA-71 ‘LA1 ‘LA-1 2 ‘PI127 PI12 12 ‘PI-127 ‘PI134 PI13 13 ‘PI-134 ‘LA-7 ‘LA- ‘PI12 PI1 ‘PI-12 ‘PI13 ‘PI-13 ‘PI1 ‘PI-1 ‘PI-

Abstract This study aimed to apply, in unprecedented depth, a Bayesian approach to the non-linear regression model developed by Toler for evaluating the stability and adaptability of genotypes. Twenty-five soybean cultivars were evaluated in twenty-one plots across the midwestern of Brazil. A complete block design was employed, with three replications. The evaluated variable was grain yield. The proposed methodology was implemented in the R program by means of the BRugs package. The methodology was capable of differentiating the effect of the environment on soybean cultivars in terms of yield in the different environments, allowing exploration of the response of each genotype to environmental variations. Cultivars 6266RSF, NS6990, GD19I435, GD19I439, GD19C443, RC0496 and IA18661 presented good stability and general adaptability, being the most recommended for future evaluations. The other cultivars presented specific adaptability and high responsiveness to unfavorable environments. apply depth nonlinear non linear genotypes Twentyfive Twenty five twentyone twenty one Brazil employed replications package environments variations 6266RSF RSF NS6990 NS GD19I435 GDI GD I GD19I439 GD19C443 GDC C RC RC049 IA IA1866 evaluations NS699 GD19I43 GD19C44 RC04 IA186 NS69 GD19I4 GD19C4 RC0 IA18 NS6 GD19I GD19C IA1

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the combining ability of S3 forage maize (Zea mays) progenies for traits related to forage yield and bromatological quality, with and without the ear, as well as to evaluate the ability of testers to discriminate progenies for these traits. The trials were carried out in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, in the municipality of Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Topcross hybrids obtained from the crosses of 28 S3 maize progenies with three testers were evaluated. The following forage qualitative traits of the whole plant and of the plant without the ear were evaluated: neutral and acid detergent fibers, lignin, and in situ dry mass digestibility, as well as digestible dry mass yield of the whole plant. The progenies that stood out for forage qualitative traits were 85.1 and 42.1 for the whole plant and for the plant without the ear, respectively. For the qualitative and productive traits of whole-plant forage, progenies 91.1, 106.2, 126.2, 138.1, 152.1, 235.1, and 251.1 are promising to continue in the breeding program aiming to generate hybrids with a high yield and fiber quality. Testers LEM3 and AG8025 are efficient in discriminating progenies for forage yield and bromatological traits. S Zea mays quality 20172018 2017 2018 2017/201 20182019 2019 2018/201 seasons Guarapuava Paraná Brazil 2 evaluated fibers lignin digestibility 851 85 1 85. 421 42 42. respectively wholeplant 911 91 91.1 1062 106 106.2 1262 126 126.2 1381 138 138.1 1521 152 152.1 2351 235 235.1 2511 251 251. LEM AG AG802 2017201 201 2017/20 2018201 2018/20 8 4 9 91. 10 106. 12 126. 13 138. 15 152. 23 235. 25 AG80 201720 20 2017/2 201820 2018/2 AG8 20172 2017/ 20182 2018/

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de combinação de progênies S3 de milho (Zea mays) forrageiro em relação a características relacionadas com o rendimento e a qualidade bromatológica da forragem, com e sem a espiga, bem como avaliar a capacidade de testadores para a discriminação das progênies para estas características. Os ensaios foram realizados nas safras de 2017/2018 e 2018/2019, no município de Guarapuava, no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram avaliados os híbridos topcross obtidos dos cruzamentos de 28 progênies de milho S3 com três testadores. As seguintes características qualitativas da forragem da planta inteira e da planta sem a espiga foram avaliadas: fibras em detergente neutro e ácido, lignina e digestibilidade in situ da massa seca, além do rendimento da massa seca digerível de toda a planta. As progênies que se destacaram quanto às características qualitativas da forragem foram 85.1 e 42.1 para a planta inteira e para a planta sem a espiga, respectivamente. Para as características qualitativas e produtivas da forragem da planta inteira, as progênies 91.1, 106.2, 126.2, 138.1, 152.1, 235.1 e 251.1 são promissoras para continuar no programa de melhoramento com vistas à geração de híbridos com altos rendimento e qualidade de fibra. Os testadores LEM3 e AG8025 são eficientes na discriminação de progênies para as características produtivas e bromatológicas das forragens. S Zea mays 20172018 2017 2018 2017/201 20182019 2019 2018/2019 Guarapuava Paraná Brasil 2 avaliadas ácido 851 85 1 85. 421 42 42. respectivamente 911 91 91.1 1062 106 106.2 1262 126 126.2 1381 138 138.1 1521 152 152.1 2351 235 235. 2511 251 251. fibra LEM AG AG802 forragens 2017201 201 2017/20 2018201 2018/201 8 4 9 91. 10 106. 12 126. 13 138. 15 152. 23 25 AG80 201720 20 2017/2 201820 2018/20 AG8 20172 2017/ 20182 2018/2 2018/

RESUMO As características agronômicas e físicas do milho são fundamentais para produtores e indústrias que utilizam este cereal como matéria-prima, pois, interferem nos processos de industrialização, rendimento e qualidade dos produtos finais. Desse modo, o objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar as características agronômicas e físicas do grão de híbridos de milho transgênicos e convencionais cultivados na primeira safra (verão) no Estado do Paraná. Foram instalados três experimentos, nas safras agrícolas 2017/18, 2018/19 e 2019/20. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com oito híbridos: (Supremo Vip, Supremo, P30F53VYH, P30F53, P3456H, P3456, DKB290PRO3, DKB290) e três repetições. Foram avaliadas as características físicas dos grãos para fins industriais como a canjica, gérmen, vitreosidade, flutuação e peso hectolitro, e as características agronômicas como a porcentagem de grãos ardidos, peso de mil grãos e produtividade de grãos. A canjica e gérmen são influenciados pela escolha do híbrido e pela safra agrícola avaliada, em que os híbridos Supremo (convencional), Supremo Vip (transgênico) e P3456 (convencional) apresentaram os melhores resultados. As características físicas de flutuação, peso hectolitro e vitreosidade foram influenciadas pela escolha do híbrido e safra agrícola avaliada, destacando-se os híbridos Supremo (convencional), Supremo Vip (transgênico), P30F53 (convencional), P30F53 VYH (transgênico), P3456 (convencional), P3456 VYH (transgênico), com os melhores resultados. Os híbridos convencionais mostraram superioridade industrial comparados aos híbridos transgênicos para canjica, flutuação e vitreosidade.

ABSTRACT The agronomic and physical traits of corn are fundamental for producers and industries that use this cereal as a raw material since they interfere in the industrialization processes, yield, and quality of the final products. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and physical traits of the grain in transgenic and conventional corn hybrids grown in the first crop season (summer) in Paraná State. Three experiments were set up in 2017/18, 2018/19, and 2019/20 crop seasons. A randomized block design with three replications was used. Eight hybrids (Supremo Vip, Supremo, P30F53VYH, P30F53, P3456H, P3456, DKB290PRO3, DKB290) were evaluated. The physical traits of grains for industrial purposes, such as grits, germ, vitreousness, flotation, and hectoliter weight, and the agronomic traits (percentage of rot grains, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield) were evaluated. The hybrids and crop seasons influence the industrial physical traits of grits and germ. The hybrids Supremo (conventional), Supremo Vip (transgenic), and P3456 (conventional) had the best results. The hybrids and crop season influenced the flotation, hectoliter weight, and vitreousness, highlighting the hybrids Supremo (conventional), Supremo Vip (transgenic), P30F53 (conventional), P30F53 VYH (transgenic), P3456 (conventional), P3456 VYH (transgenic), with the best results. The conventional hybrids showed industrial superiority compared to transgenic hybrids for grits, flotation, and vitreousness.

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a divergência genética entre acessos de espécies silvestres e híbridos interespecíficos F1 de tomateiro. Caracterizou-se seis acessos silvestres (Solanum pimpinellifolium ‘AF 26970’, S. galapagense ‘LA-1401’, S. peruvianum ‘AF 19684’, S. habrochaites var. hirsutum ‘PI-127826’, S. habrochaites var. glabratum ‘PI-134417’ e S. pennellii ‘LA-716’), a cultivar comercial Redenção e os respectivos híbridos interespecíficos F1: ‘Redenção’ x ‘AF 26970’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘LA-1401’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘AF 19684’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘PI-127826’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘PI-134417’ e ‘Redenção’ x ‘LA-716’. Foram avaliados 35 caracteres quantitativos, sendo 29 morfoagronômicos e seis fisiológicos. Realizou-se análises de componentes principais (ACP). Utilizou-se os métodos de otimização de Tocher, baseado na distância de Mahalanobis e a dispersão gráfica das variáveis canônicas, que seguiram a mesma tendência de agrupamento dos genótipos, formando três grupos distintos. As ACP permitiram observar algumas divergências genéticas não observadas pelos demais métodos. Ocorreu alta divergência entre os acessos das espécies e híbridos interespecíficos. A cultivar Redenção teve a maior dissimilaridade genética e os híbridos interespecíficos de S. lycopersicum com acessos silvestres, apresentaram maior similaridade morfoagronômica e fisiológica com os genitores silvestres.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among accessions of wild tomato species and interspecific F1 hybrids. Six wild accessions were characterized (Solanum pimpinellifolium ‘AF 26970’, S. galapagense ‘LA-1401’, S. peruvianum ‘AF 19684’, S. habrochaites var. hirsutum ‘PI-127826’, S. habrochaites var. glabratum ‘PI-134417’, and S. pennellii ‘LA-716’), the commercial cultivar Redenção, and the respective interspecific F1 hybrids: ‘Redenção’ x ‘AF 26970’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘LA-1401’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘AF 19684’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘PI-127826’, ‘Redenção’ x ‘PI-134417’, and ‘Redenção’ x ‘LA-716’. Thirty-five quantitative traits were evaluated, encompassing 29 morphoagronomic and six physiological characteristics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Tocher’s optimization method was used based on the Mahalanobis distance and the graphic dispersion of canonical variables, which followed the same trend of genotype clustering, forming three distinct groups. The PCA indicated some genetic divergences not shown by the other methods. A high divergence was observed among the species accessions and interspecific hybrids. The cultivar Redenção had the greatest genetic dissimilarity, and the interspecific hybrids of S. lycopersicum with wild accessions showed the greatest morphoagronomic and physiological similarity with the wild parents.

Abstract The paper investigates a crisis linked to the action of the Jesuits from the Province of Brazil, in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This crisis took place among the members of the Society and is exposed, in this manuscript, through criticisms directed to the superiors and in the complaints of deviant behaviors, made by the priests themselves who acted in the mission in Brazil. The Mission misdirections deepen as some members of the Society dishonored their religious vows and practiced violence, especially when dealing with the Indians in the villages. In order to verify these misdirections, we analyzed documentation, little explored and largely unknown for the Brazilian public, researched at the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (ARSI), in Rome. Brazil th centuries exposed manuscript behaviors violence villages documentation public ARSI, ARSI , (ARSI) Rome (ARSI

Resumo O artigo investiga a ocorrência de uma crise ligada à ação dos jesuítas da Província do Brasil, no final do século XVI e início do XVII. Tal crise se deu entre os membros da Companhia e é exposta, neste manuscrito, nas críticas dirigidas aos superiores e nas denúncias de comportamentos desviantes, feitas pelos próprios padres que atuavam na missão do Brasil. Os descaminhos da missão se aprofundaram na medida em que alguns membros da Companhia feriram os votos religiosos e praticavam violências, sobretudo no trato com os índios nas aldeias. Para verificar esses descaminhos, fez-se uso de uma documentação muito pouco explorada e, em grande parte, inédita para o público brasileiro, pesquisada no Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (ARSI), em Roma. Brasil XVII exposta manuscrito desviantes violências aldeias fezse fez parte brasileiro ARSI, ARSI , (ARSI) Roma (ARSI

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvesting corn at different maturity stages for silage production combined with four storage periods, considering nutrient loss and the chemical composition of silage of the whole plant and also of grainless plants. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of six maturity stages of corn [reproductive (R); R1 to R6] and four periods of silage storage (30, 60, 90, and 120 days). At stages R1 and R2, losses by effluents occurred more intensely when compared with the more advanced stages, whereas losses by gases showed the opposite behavior, with stage R6 responsible for the greatest losses. Stage R4 showed a stable dry matter (DM) content during the storage period, 42.08%, and had the lowest levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) for the whole plant silage. The ADL in the silage of grainless plant of stage R4 was not the lowest, but it was close to the first reproductive stages, being an important point, since the first reproductive stages can present a vegetative fraction of better quality. The highest DM volumes produced by area occurred in the most advanced stages; however, R5 obtained a greater reduction in volume over the days of storage (20.66 kg day −1 ). The production cost was lower at the advanced stages (R4, R5, and R6) when compared with the first reproductive stages (R1, R2, and R3), and in general, during the storage period the costs did not have great variations. Based on the chemical composition of the silages, DM losses during the storage period, the stability in the costs of DM ton over the days of storage, the R4 stage was the most suitable for silage production.

Abstract Morphological characteristics of pequi fruits (Caryocar brasiliense) allows us to obtain information for the conservation, breeding, and detect genetic variability. Thus, the aims of this research were to characterize the genetic diversity of Caryocar brasiliense that produce fruits with and without thorn at the endocarp; determine the important characters in the study of genetic diversity, and to estimate phenotypic and genotypic correlations. 80 fruits with thorns and 90 fruits without thorns were evaluated. Data were used for analysis: Euclidian distance as a measure of dissimilarity and the Tocher method for delimitation of groups; Principal Component Analysis, and genotypic and phenotypic correlations. Genetic dissimilarity of C. brasiliense ranged from 0.066 (B6-D6) to 0.908 (A14-B3). Tocher method allowed dividing the matrices into three groups, the dendrogram into five groups, and the principal components allowed the distribution in 8 groups. We observed 15 significant correlations for characters of fruit with thorns and 31 correlations for characters of fruit without thorns. The weight of the fruit (with thorns) and the pyrene yield (without thorns) are relevant correlations for production. The groupings generated allowed the classification of the matrices into distinct sets. Allowed the identification of potential producers plants that could be used in breeding programs.

RESUMO: A análise dos principais efeitos aditivos e interação multiplicativa é comumente utilizada na avaliação da interação genótipo x ambiente, porém, sua aplicação pode ser estendida para outros propósitos assim como realizado no presente trabalho em que utiliza esta técnica na seleção de linhagens, testadores e híbridos em topcrosses de milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da interação linhagens x testadores por meio da análise dos principais efeitos aditivos e da interação multiplicativa, verificando sua eficiência na seleção de linhagens, testadoras e combinações híbridas em topcrosses. Os ensaios foram realizados nas safras 2015/16 e 2016/17, com delineamento em blocos completos, com três repetições. Trinta linhagens de milho S3 foram avaliadas em cruzamentos com os testadores AG8025, P30B39, MLP102, 60.H23.1 e 70.H26.1 formando 150 topcrosses híbridos. A característica avaliada foi a produtividade de grãos. A adaptabilidade e estabilidade de testadores e linhagens foram avaliadas pela metodologia de análise de efeitos aditivos principais e interação multiplicativa direcionada à interação testadores x linhagens. A linhagem 96.3 apresentou o desempenho mais homogêneo e o maior rendimento de grãos, considerando o cruzamento com todos os testadores em ambos os ambientes. O testador 70.H26.1 é considerado o mais estável e o mais recomendado para topcrosses. As melhores combinações específicas foram 96.3 x 70.H26.1 e 96.3 x 60.H23.1.

ABSTRACT: The analysis of main additive effects and multiplicative interaction is commonly used in the evaluation of the genotype x environment interaction, however, its application can be used for other purposes, as it is performed in the presentresearch, which uses this technique in the selection of inbred lines, testers and hybrids in maize topcrosses. Thisresearch determined the effect of the inbred lines x testers interaction through the analysis of main additive effects and multiplicative interaction, verifying their efficiency in the selection of inbred lines, testers and hybrid combinations in topcrosses. The trials were carried out in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 crop seasons, with a complete block design, with three replications. Thirty S3 maize inbred lines were evaluated in crosses with the AG8025, P30B39, MLP102, 60.H23.1 and 70.H26.1 testers forming 150 hybrids topcrosses. The trait evaluated was grain yield. The adaptability and stability of testers and inbred lines were evaluated by the methodology of analysis of main additive effects and multiplicative interaction directed to the interaction of testers x inbred lines. The 96.3 inbred line has the most homogeneous performance and the highest grain yield, considering the crossing with all testers in both environments. The 70.H26.1 tester is considered the most stable and the most recommended for topcrosses. The best specific combinations were 96.3 x 70.H26.1 and 96.3 x 60.H23.1.

RESUMO O trabalho teve por objetivo selecionar progênies S3 de milho super doce com base no desempenho agronômico, avaliadas em topcrosses com o testador Honey Sweeter, de base genética estreita. O experimento foi conduzido em Guarapuava-PR. Foram avaliados 22 híbridos topcrosses e três testemunhas, em duas épocas de semeadura, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliadas seis características: produtividade total de espigas sem palha, produtividade comercial de espigas sem palha, produtividade de grãos, comprimento de grãos, diâmetro de espiga e teor de sólidos solúveis totais. Considerando o conjunto das características avaliadas, os topcrosses com as progênies D2-07, D3-28, D4-53 e D5-24 foram superiores aos demais; portanto, essas progênies devem seguir no processo de endogamia e ser avaliadas em cruzamentos com linhagens elites com potencial para geração de híbridos simples de milho super doce competitivos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to select S3 progenies of super sweet corn based on agronomic performance, evaluated in topcrosses with the narrow genetic base tester Honey Sweeter (Seminis®). The experiment was carried out in Guarapuava-PR. We evaluated 22 topcross hybrids and three checks, in two sowing times, in randomized blocks design with three replications. Six traits were evaluated: total yield of husked ears, commercial yield of husked ears, grain yield, grain length, ear diameter and total soluble solids content. Considering the set of evaluated traits, the topcrosses with progenies D2-07, D3-28, D4-53 and D5-24 were superior to the others; therefore, these progenies should continue in the inbreeding process and be evaluated in crosses with elite inbred lines with potential to generate competitive super sweet corn single hybrids.

RESUMO Híbridos de milho superdoce devem reunir características de produção e qualidade que atendam às expectativas dos agricultores, da indústria e do consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar híbridos experimentais de milho superdoce com auxílio do índice de seleção Z (IZ). Foram avaliados 64 híbridos experimentais provenientes de cruzamentos entre 16 linhagens de grupos distintos, juntamente com dois híbridos testemunhas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Guarapuava-PR em duas épocas de semeadura no ano de 2016. Foram avaliados o florescimento masculino, comprimento e diâmetro de espiga, teor de sólidos solúveis, rendimento de espigas empalhadas, rendimento de espigas despalhadas e rendimento de grãos. As características que mais contribuíram para o índice Z (IZ) foram as relacionadas ao rendimento de espigas, rendimento de grãos e teor de sólidos solúveis. A primeira época foi a mais favorável para a expressão dos caracteres de rendimento. O híbrido experimental D3-30 x D5-46 teve bom desempenho em ambas as épocas e o híbrido D2-17 x D5-46 se destacou na segunda época de semeadura, sendo promissores, selecionados com alta produtividade e qualidade de espiga, considerando o índice .

ABSTRACT Super sweet corn hybrids shall present production and quality traits in order to meet farmer’s, industry and consumer’s expectations. The aim of this study was to select experimental super sweet corn hybrids based on the Z index (I Z ). We evaluated 64 experimental hybrids from crosses between inbred lines of different groups along with two check hybrids. The experiments were carried out in Guarapuava-PR in two sowing seasons in 2016. The evaluated traits were male flowering, ear length, ear diameter, soluble solids content, husked ear yield, unhusked ear yield, and grain yield. The traits which most contributed to the Z index were related to ear and grain yields and soluble solids content. The first sowing season was the most favorable for the expression of yield related traits. The experimental hybrid D3-30 x D5-46 showed high performance in both sowing seasons and the hybrid D2-17 x D5-46 stood out in the second sowing season, being both promising, showing high productivity and quality of ear, considering the Z index.

RESUMO O milho super doce é classificado como um tipo especial de milho, por possuir genes que promovem o acúmulo de açúcar nos grãos, diminuindo significativamente o teor de amido no endosperma. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico de híbridos experimentais de milho super doce, portadores do gene shrunken-2 (sh2), para a identificação e seleção de híbridos promissores para a região sul do Brasil. O experimento foi realizado em duas épocas de semeadura na safra 2017/18, no campo experimental da UNICENTRO, em Guarapuava-PR, Brasil. Foram avaliados 32 híbridos experimentais resultantes de um dialelo parcial 8x4 entre linhagens de milho super doce, provenientes de quatro populações distintas, juntamente com dois híbridos comerciais (BRS Vivi e Tropical Plus) utilizados como testemunhas. Foram avaliados caracteres de interesse agronômico e comercial: florescimento masculino (FM), índice de empalhamento da espiga (IE), rendimento de espigas despalhadas (RED), rendimento de grãos (RG), prolificidade comercial (PC), porcentagem de espigas comerciais (PEC), coloração (COR) e teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) dos grãos. Houve diferenças significativas entre os híbridos experimentais, exceto para COR. Não houve efeito significativo da época de semeadura para SS e a interação genótipos x épocas foi significativa para os caracteres RED, RG, PC, PEC e COR. Há híbridos experimentais promissores, competitivos com híbridos comerciais utilizados no Brasil para a produção de milho super doce. Os híbridos experimentais D2-61 x D5-41 e D3-10 x D5-43 foram superiores ao demais genótipos experimentais. O híbrido experimental D2-61 x D5-41 tem potencial de atendimento às exigências do mercado atual de milho super doce.

ABSTRACT Super sweet is classified as a special type of corn, due to the presence of genes which promote sugar accumulation in grains, significantly reducing starch content in the endosperm. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of experimental super sweet corn hybrids, carrying the gene shrunken-2, in order to identify and select promising genotypes for Southern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in two sowing seasons in 2017/18, in the experimental field of UNICENTRO, Guarapuava-PR, Brazil. Thirty-two experimental hybrids resulting from an 8x4 partial diallel among super sweet corn inbred lines from four distinct populations were evaluated along with two commercial hybrids (BRS Vivi and Tropical Plus) used as checks. Traits of agronomic and commercial interest were evaluated: male flowering (MF), husk covering index (HCI), yield of husked ears (YHE), grain yield (GY), commercial prolificacy (CPR), percentage of commercial ears (PCE), color (COL) and soluble solids (SS) of the grains. We verified significant differences among the experimental hybrids, except for COL. There was no significant effect of sowing season regarding to SS. Genotypes x seasons interaction was significant for YHE, GY, CPR, PCE and COL. There are promising experimental hybrids showing performances superior to commercial super sweet corn hybrids used in Brazil. The experimental hybrids D2-61 x D5-41 and D3-10 x D5-43 were superior to the other experimental genotypes. The experimental hybrid D2-61 x D5-41 shows potential to meet the demands of the current super sweet corn market.

ABSTRACT Super sweet corn breeding must develop hybrids that fully meet the expectations of the market. In this sense, the determination of keytraits for the selection of sweetcorn genotypes is a fundamental condition for breeding success. The objective of this work was to identify key traits for the selection of promising and contrasting genotypes of super sweet corn. The experiments were carried out in Guarapuava (PR), in two sowing dates. Seventeen traits related to the yield and quality of the ear were evaluated. To perform the multivariate analysis, data were subjected to diagnosis of multicolinearity, analysis of canonical variables, genetic divergence, hierarchical clusters, factor analysis, and canonical correspondence analysis. Grain yield, yield of dehusked ears, and number of commercial ears were considered related key traits in the identification of promising super sweet corn genotypes. Hybrid D3-20 × D5-41 presented higher averages than the others, considering the yield related keytraits.