Resumen: El gran avance en el uso de nuevos dispositivos y sistemas de imagen en las cirugías pretende reproducir un escenario ideal y seguro para el cirujano, equipo y paciente. Constantemente se encuentran disponibles nuevos sistemas y dispositivos para demostrar y facilitar la navegación intraoperatoria, buscando así reducir errores y evitar complicaciones al paciente y al personal. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar y comparar el uso del sistema O-arm® y el uso de radioscopia en la técnica de manos libres en cirugías de columna. Para ello se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed y Embase de estudios aleatorizados y no aleatorizados sobre el uso del sistema O-arm® y radioscopia. en cirugía de coluna. Se incluyeron y compararon 24 estudios con respecto al tiempo del procedimiento, precisión del posicionamiento del implante, dosis de radiación efectiva, seguridad y eficacia. En un estudio, el grupo O-arm® mostró tiempo quirúrgico más corto en comparación con técnica de mano alzada(222,5min [DE=38,0]vs. 255,2min[DE=40,3], p=0,011, respectivamente). En dos estudios, la técnica de mano alzada dio como resultado dosis de radiación efectiva más baja para los pacientes. En 12 estudios se observó mayor incidencia de complicaciones entre pacientes sometidos a cirugía con la técnica de mano alzada. Se concluyó que el uso del O-arm® está asociado con reducción en la ocurrencia de mala posición de los implantes y más seguridad para procedimientos instrumentados, pero sin evidencia de que su uso pueda resultar en menor tiempo quirúrgico. Descriptores: Resumen cirujano intraoperatoria personal Oarm® Oarm O arm® arm O-arm columna coluna 2 procedimiento implante eficacia alzada222,5min alzada2225min alzadamin 222,5min 222 5min min DE=38,0vs. DE380vs DEvs DE=38,0 vs. DE 38 0 vs [DE=38,0]vs 255,2minDE=40,3, 2552minDE403 minDE 255,2min DE=40,3 , 255 2min 40 3 255,2min[DE=40,3] p0011 p 011 p=0,011 respectivamente. respectivamente . respectivamente) 1 instrumentados Descriptores alzada222 2225min 22 0vs DE=38,0vs DE380 DE=38, 2minDE 255,2minDE=40,3 2552minDE40 2552min DE403 DE=40, 25 4 255,2min[DE=40,3 p001 01 p=0,01 alzada22 DE38 DE=38 255,2minDE=40, 2552minDE4 DE40 DE=40 255,2min[DE=40, p00 p=0,0 alzada2 DE3 DE=3 255,2minDE=40 2552minDE DE4 DE=4 255,2min[DE=40 p0 p=0, DE= 255,2minDE=4 255,2min[DE=4 p=0 255,2minDE= 255,2min[DE= p= 255,2minDE 255,2min[DE

ABSTRACT The great advances in using new devices and imaging systems in surgeries aim to reproduce an ideal and safe scenario for the surgeon, the team, and the patient. New systems and devices are constantly available to demonstrate and facilitate intraoperative navigation, thereby reducing errors and avoiding complications for the patient and staff. This study evaluates and compares using the O-arm® system and radioscopy in the freehand technique in spine surgeries. For this, searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase for randomized and non-randomized studies using the O-arm® system and radioscopy in spine surgery. Twenty-four studies were included and compared regarding procedure time, accuracy of implant positioning, effective radiation dose, safety, and efficacy. In one study, the O-arm® group showed a shorter surgical time when compared to the freehand technique (222.5 min. [SD=38.0] vs. 255.2 min. [SD=40.3], p=0.011, respectively). In two studies, the freehand technique resulted in a lower effective radiation dose for patients. In 12 studies, a higher incidence of complications was observed among patients undergoing surgery with the freehand technique. It was concluded that using the O-arm® is associated with a reduction in malposition of implants and more safety for instrumented procedures. Still, no evidence exists that its use can result in less surgical time. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic Analysis and Studies, Investigation of a Diagnostic Test. surgeon team navigation staff Oarm® Oarm O arm® arm O-arm this nonrandomized non Twentyfour Twenty four positioning efficacy 222.5 2225 222 5 (222. min SD=38.0 SD380 SD 38 0 [SD=38.0 vs 2552 255 2 255. SD=40.3, SD403 SD=40.3 , 40 3 [SD=40.3] p0011 p 011 p=0.011 respectively. respectively . respectively) 1 procedures Still I Studies Test 222. 22 (222 SD=38. SD38 [SD=38. 25 SD40 SD=40. 4 [SD=40.3 p001 01 p=0.01 (22 SD=38 SD3 [SD=38 SD4 SD=40 [SD=40. p00 p=0.0 (2 SD=3 [SD=3 SD=4 [SD=40 p0 p=0. ( SD= [SD= [SD=4 p=0 [SD p=

Resumo: O grande avanço do uso de novos dispositivos e sistemas de imagem nas cirurgias tem por objetivo reproduzir um cenário ideal e seguro para o cirurgião, a equipe e o paciente. Constantemente, novos sistemas e aparelhos estão disponíveis para demonstrar e facilitar a navegação intraoperatória, com isso procurando reduzir erros e evitar complicações para o paciente e para equipe. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar o uso do sistema O-arm® e a utilização de radioescopia na técnica de freehand em cirurgias de coluna. Para isso, foram realizadas buscas nas bases PubMed e Embase de estudos randomizados e não randomizados sobre o uso em cirurgias de coluna do sistema O-arm® e radioscopia. Foram incluídos 24 estudos que foram comparados quanto ao tempo de procedimento, acurácia do posicionamento dos implantes, dose efetiva de radiação, segurança e eficácia. Um estudo o grupo O-arm® apresentou menor tempo cirúrgico quando comparado à técnica freehand (222,5 min. [DP=38,0] vs. 255,2 min. [DP=40,3], p=0,011, respectivamente). Em dois estudos, a técnica freehand resultou em menor dose efetiva de radiação para pacientes. Em 12 estudos observou-se maior incidência de complicações entre pacientes submetidos à cirurgia com técnica freehand. Concluiu-se que o uso do O-arm® está associado a uma redução da ocorrência do mal posicionamento dos implantes e mais segurança para os procedimentos instrumentados, porém sem evidências que seu uso possa resultar em menor tempo cirúrgico. Nível de Evidência I; Análises e Estudos Diagnósticos, Investigação de um Exame para Diagnóstico. Resumo cirurgião Constantemente intraoperatória Oarm® Oarm arm® arm O-arm radioscopia 2 procedimento eficácia 222,5 2225 222 5 (222, min DP=38,0 DP380 DP 38 0 [DP=38,0 vs 2552 255 255, DP=40,3, DP403 DP=40,3 , 40 3 [DP=40,3] p0011 p 011 p=0,011 respectivamente. respectivamente . respectivamente) 1 observouse observou se Concluiuse Concluiu instrumentados I Diagnósticos Diagnóstico 222, 22 (222 DP=38, DP38 [DP=38, 25 DP40 DP=40, 4 [DP=40,3 p001 01 p=0,01 (22 DP=38 DP3 [DP=38 DP4 DP=40 [DP=40, p00 p=0,0 (2 DP=3 [DP=3 DP=4 [DP=40 p0 p=0, ( DP= [DP= [DP=4 p=0 [DP p=

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the learning curve regarding complication rates of transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB) versus transperineal prostate biopsy (TPPB), using real time software-based magnetic resonance imaging ultrasound (MRI-US) fusion techniques, along with first year experience of transperineal approach. Materials and Methods retrospective unicentric cohort study at a quaternary care hospital. Medical records of all consecutive patients that underwent TPPB between March 2021 and February 2022, after the introduction of MRI-US fusion device, and those who underwent TRPB throughout the entire years of 2019 and 2020 were analyzed. All complications that occurred as consequences of the procedure were considered. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared and Fisher tests were used to describe complications and compare the two groups. Results A total of 283 patients were included in the transperineal group and 513 in the transrectal group. The analysis of a learning curve for the transperineal method showed lower complications rates comparing the first six months of TPPB procedures (group 1); The complication rate for TPPB was lower than that of TRPB (55.1% versus 81.9%, respectively; p<0.01). TPPB showed specifically lower rates of hematuria (48.8% versus 66.3%;p<0.001) and rectal bleeding(3.5% versus 18.1%; p<0.001). There were no cases of prostatitis after transperineal biopsies and three cases (0.6%) after transrectal procedures. Conclusions We evidenced the learning curve for performing the transperineal biopsy, with a lower rate of complications for the experienced team, after 142 cases after 6 months of practice. The lower complication rate of TPPB and the absence of infectious prostatitis imply a safer procedure when compared to TRPB. (TRPB TPPB, , (TPPB) softwarebased software based MRIUS MRI US (MRI-US techniques approach hospital 202 2022 device 201 analyzed considered statistics Chisquared Chi squared groups 28 51 1 1) 55.1% 551 55 (55.1 819 81 9 81.9% respectively p<0.01. p001 p p<0.01 . 0 01 p<0.01) 48.8% 488 48 8 (48.8 66.3%p<0.001 663p0001 66.3% p<0.001 66 3 001 66.3%;p<0.001 bleeding3.5% bleeding35 bleeding 3.5% 5 bleeding(3.5 18.1% 181 18 p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001) 0.6% 06 (0.6% team 14 practice (TPPB 20 2 55.1 (55. 81.9 p00 p<0.0 48.8 4 (48. 66.3%p<0.00 663p000 663 66.3 p<0.00 00 66.3%;p<0.00 bleeding3 bleeding3.5 35 3.5 bleeding(3. 18.1 p000 0.6 (0.6 55. (55 81. p0 p<0. 48. (48 66.3%p<0.0 663p00 66. 66.3%;p<0.0 bleeding3. 3. bleeding(3 18. 0. (0. (5 p<0 (4 66.3%p<0. 663p0 66.3%;p<0. bleeding( (0 ( p< 66.3%p<0 663p 66.3%;p<0 66.3%p< 66.3%;p< 66.3%p 66.3%;p

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the radiological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions that achieved a complete response following drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) preceding liver transplantation. Methods This single-center case-control study enrolled patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant DEB-TACE therapy, were followed up with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and were successively evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The HCCs were divided into two groups based on their diameter (Group A: ≤3cm; Group B: 3cm). Viability was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method according to tumor size categories. The relationship between tumor variables was analyzed using bivariate Cox regression. Results Three-hundred and twenty-eight patients with 667 hepatocellular carcinomas who underwent their first DEB-TACE session were enrolled. A total of 105 hepatocellular carcinomas in 59 patients exhibited complete response after the initial DEB-TACE session and were divided into Group A (92 HCCs) and Group B (13 HCCs). The diameter in Group A decreased significantly compared to the pre-procedure size until the second assessment (p<0.001), with no subsequent reduction in diameter, despite maintaining a complete response. In Group B, the reduction in diameter remained significant compared with the initial value until the sixth imaging evaluation (p=0.014). The average reduction was 45.1% for Group B and a maximum of 14.9% in Group A. Conclusion HCCs >3cm exhibited a greater reduction in size and a longer time to recurrence. HCCs ≤3cm had a shorter relapse time. The recurrence rates were similar. These findings may aid in planning for liver transplantation. HCC (HCC drugeluting drug eluting DEBTACE DEB TACE (DEB-TACE transplantation singlecenter single center casecontrol case control therapy contrastenhanced contrast enhanced tomography Tumors 3cm cm 3cm. . 3cm) KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier categories regression Threehundred Three hundred twentyeight twenty eight 66 10 5 92 (9 13 (1 HCCs. preprocedure pre procedure p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 , 0 001 (p<0.001) p=0.014. p0014 p=0.014 014 (p=0.014) 451 45 1 45.1 149 14 9 14.9 similar 6 ( p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.014 4 45. 14. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p=0.0 (p=0.01 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0 (p<0. p=0 (p=0. p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

ABSTRACT Pulmonary aspiration of gastric residues during anesthesia is a potentially fatal complication for which no specific treatment is available. The primary way to prevent its occurrence in the context of elective surgeries is adherence to fasting protocols. However, some clinical conditions can prolong the gastric emptying time, and the risk of aspiration may exist despite adequate fasting. Recognizing the risk factors for gastroparesis allows the adoption of preventive methods and is the primary way to reduce morbidity and mortality from pulmonary aspiration. In this scenario, the anesthesiologist can investigate the gastric content by using ultrasound, adjust the anesthetic technique, and even postpone elective surgeries. Here, we describe incidental computed tomography finding of solid contents in the stomach of a patient without prior identification of the risk factors for gastroparesis. The patient underwent elective renal nodule ablation under general anesthesia after fasting for 9 hours. During the procedure, solid contents in the stomach were noted on computed tomography. Subsequently, it was discovered that the patient had been using semaglutide for 6 days and had not disclosed this information. Semaglutide use may represent a new and significant risk factor for anesthesia-related pulmonary aspiration. Until studies provide information on the appropriate perioperative management of patients using semaglutide, anesthesiologists need to adopt preventive measures to avoid aspiration. Awareness of this potential association and open communication among patients, physicians, and anesthesia teams are essential for enhancing patient safety. available protocols However time scenario ultrasound technique Here hours procedure Subsequently anesthesiarelated related physicians safety

ABSTRACT Lymphoceles are collections of lymphatic fluid, mainly caused by major surgical approaches. Most lymphoceles are asymptomatic and limited, but some cases may require a medical management. Among the different techniques, transafferent nodal embolization has emerged as a minimally invasive option, with low morbidity and high resolubility, although it is not widespread in the Brazilian scenario. In this study, we report a case of lymphocele drained percutaneously, with maintenance of high output and requiring transafferent nodal embolization.

ABSTRACT A 2-year-old female patient, admitted in the emergency room, presented diarrhea for 5 days and bloody stools in the last 24 hours. Physical examination revealed no significant findings. Ultrasound was initially performed, showing an elongated, well delimited and solid mass occupying since right hypocondrium until left iliac fossa, displacing adjacent structures. In sequence, magnetic resonance imaging was performed for confirmation of findings suggestive of omentum lipoma. After 1 week, the surgical resection was performed by videolaparoscopic acess. During 2-year follow-up, there was no sign of recurrence.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe an experience in the preoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules and ground-glass lesions to guide minimally invasive thoracic surgery; in addition, a literature review was conducted, including the main advantages and disadvantages of the different agents used, and site marking in a hybrid operating room. Methods A retrospective search was conducted in a Interventional Radiology Department database, between March 2015 and May 2019, to identify patients undergoing preoperative percutaneous marking of lung injuries measuring up to 25mm. Results A total of 20 patients were included and submitted to descriptive analysis. All patients were marked in a hybrid room, at the same surgical-anesthetic time. Most often used markers were guidewire, Lipiodol® and microcoils. Despite one case of coil displacement, two cases of pneumothorax, and one case of hypotension after marking, all lesions were identified and resected accordingly from all patients. Conclusion Preoperative percutaneous localization of lung injuries in hybrid room is an effective and a safe technique, which can have decisive impact on surgical resection. The choice of marker and of the operating room scenario should be based on availability and experience of service. Multidisciplinary discussions with surgical teams, pathologists, and interventional radiologists are crucial to improve outcome of patients.

ABSTRACT Spontaneous renal artery dissection is an unusual and idiopathic condition in most cases. In young, mildly symptomatic patients, diagnosis may be difficult, frequently culminating in delay in treatment. This report presents the case of a 40-year-old male patient, with severe hypertension of sudden onset, and difficult management of oral medication. In etiological investigation, Echo-Doppler of renal arteries showed signs of hemodynamically relevant right renal artery stenosis. Arteriography showed presence of double-lumen and thrombus in the vessel lumen, indicating dissection. The proposed treatment was endovascular approach after failure of isolated medical treatment, option which included the aspiration of the thrombus by Penumbra System® device and balloon angioplasty, followed by right renal artery stenting. Improvement of immediate sonographic control of peak systolic velocity and renal-aortic ratio was shown, with a consequent reduction of systemic arterial blood pressure and stabilization of renal function. Within the following year, the patient presented in-stent stenosis and was successfully treated with balloon angioplasty.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a sequência de ressonância magnética blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) realizada em um equipamento 3 Tesla para medir a biodisponibilidade do oxigênio do tecido pelo valor de R2* na diferenciação de necrose tubular aguda e rejeição aguda, comparando à biópsia renal (padrão-ouro). Métodos Estudo unicêntrico, prospectivo, com pacientes submetidos a transplante renal de 2013 a 2014, que desenvolveram disfunção do enxerto menos de 4 semanas após o transplante. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ressonância magnética abdominal 3 Tesla com o mesmo protocolo, seguida de duas sequências BOLD e biópsia renal. Resultados Foram incluídos 12 homens (68,75%) e três mulheres (31,25%). Foram realizadas 19 biópsias renais percutâneas (quatro pacientes necessitaram de segunda biópsia devido à alteração nos achados clínicos). Os resultados histopatológicos incluíram dez casos de necrose tubular aguda, quatro de rejeição aguda e cinco casos de outros diagnósticos (miscelânea). A comparação entre os quatro grupos de interesse não mostrou diferenças significativas em relação ao R2* no córtex (p=0,177). Quanto ao R2* da medula, observaram-se diferenças significativas (p=0,033), com miscelânea e necrose tubular aguda apresentando valores mais baixos quando comparados aos demais. Conclusão A ressonância magnética BOLD 3 Tesla é uma técnica viável que indiretamente utiliza a concentração de oxigênio no tecido em enxertos renais e pode ser usada para a diferenciação entre rejeição aguda e necrose tubular aguda.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the ability of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla to measure tissue oxygen bioavailability based on R2* values, and to differentiate between acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection compared to renal biopsy (gold standard). Methods A prospective, single-center study, with patients submitted to renal transplantation between 2013 and 2014, who developed graft dysfunction less than 4 weeks after transplantation. All patients were submitted to abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla using the same protocol, followed by two BOLD sequences and kidney biopsy. Results Twelve male (68.75%) and three female (31.25%) patients were included. A total of 19 percutaneous renal biopsies were performed (four patients required a second biopsy due to changes in clinical findings). Pathological findings revealed ten cases of acute tubular necrosis, four cases of acute rejection, and five cases with other (miscellaneous) diagnoses. Comparison between the four groups of interest failed to reveal significant differences (p=0.177) in cortical R2* values, whereas medullary R2* values differed significantly (p=0.033), with lower values in the miscellaneous diagnoses and the acute tubular necrosis group. Conclusion BOLD magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla is a feasible technique that uses indirect tissue oxygen level measurements to differentiate between acute rejection and acute tubular necrosis in renal grafts.

RESUMO A radioembolização transarterial hepática com microesferas de ítrio-90 é uma modalidade paliativa de tratamento locorregional minimamente invasiva. O objetivo neoadjuvante deste tratamento ainda é controverso, mas casos selecionados de lesões consideradas inicialmente irressecáveis reenquadram-se como candidatos à terapia curativa após a radioembolização transarterial hepática. Relatamos três casos em que a radioembolização transarterial hepática foi utilizada como terapia neoadjuvante de forma efetiva possibilitando aplicação posterior de terapias potencialmente curativas.

ABSTRACT Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium-90 microspheres is a palliative locoregional treatment, minimally invasive for liver tumors. The neoadjuvant aim of this treatment is still controversial, however, selected cases with lesions initially considered unresectable have been enframed as candidates for curative therapy after hepatic transarterial radioembolization. We report three cases in which the hepatic transarterial radioembolization was used as neoadjuvant therapy in an effective way, allowing posterior potentially curative therapies.

RESUMO O sangramento gastrointestinal varicoso está entre as maiores causas de morbimortalidade nos paciente com doença hepática crônica. O tratamento endoscópico é a primeira linha terapêutica neste pacientes, porém naqueles que apresentam falha nesta modalidade terapêutica, o amplo conhecimento de opções alternativas de tratamento pode melhorar o prognóstico. Descrevemos um caso de paciente submetido à embolização com sucesso de varizes gastresofágicas por acesso transesplênico.

ABSTRACT Varicose gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. Endoscopic treatment is the first therapeutic line for these patients, however, for those whom this therapeutic modality fail, a broad knowledge of alternative treatment options may improve the prognosis. We describe a case of a patient who were successfully embolized from gastroesophageal varices via transsplenic access.

RESUMO Paciente de 34 anos, do sexo feminino, grávida, chega ao pronto-socorro com queixa de dor na fossa ilíaca direita piorando nos últimos 2 dias com suspeita de apendicite aguda. Foram solicitados exames laboratoriais, que estavam dentro dos limites de normalidade para aspectos infecciosos e inflamatórios. Exame de imagem também foi solicitado, sendo a ultrassonografia o método de escolha, que revelou gravidez em curso sem alterações e espessura da parede do apêndice sem sinais inflamatórios. Ainda com suspeita de apendicite aguda, foi realizada ressonância magnética, confirmando a hipótese de lipomatose do apêndice cecal.

ABSTRACT A 34-years-old pregnant woman admitted in the emergency unit complaining about worsening right iliac fossa pain for 2 days. Acute appendicitis was the suspected diagnosis. Laboratory exams were ordered and results were within normal limits for infectious and inflammatory aspects. Ultrasound scan revealed a pregnancy in course without alterations and a thickness of the appendix wall without inflammatory signs in the surrounding tissue. Because the suspicion of acute appendicitis remained, a magnetic resonance was done and confirmed the diagnosis of a cecal appendix lipomatosis.

RESUMO O reparo endovascular de aneurisma é uma técnica para tratamento de diversos aneurismas infrarrenais da aorta. A infecção é uma das complicações mais sérias desse tratamento, e a abordagem percutânea tem sido adotada para coleções intra-abdominais, mas seu uso para tratamento de coleções protéticas vasculares não está bem estabelecido. Descreve-se, neste trabalho, pequena série de três pacientes tratados com drenagem percutânea, que apresentaram boa resposta clínica e de imagem. A drenagem percutânea mostrou-se abordagem segura, efetiva e minimamente invasiva para tratamento desta complicação, que é potencialmente fatal.

ABSTRACT Endovascular aneurysm repair is an established technique for treating many infrarenal aortic aneurysms. Infection is one of the most serious complications of this technique, and although percutaneous treatment has been well established for intra-abdominal collections, its use to treat peri-prosthetic fluid collections has not been well determined. In this article we describe a small series of three patients who were treated with percutaneous drainage, with good clinical and imaging responses. Percutaneous drainage is a safe, effective and minimally invasive approach for treating this potentially fatal complication.