The Brazilian Cerrado biome is considered one of the 25 hotspots worldwide that contain bioactive compounds due to its great biodiversity; however, the reduction of its native area over time due to the expansion of urbanization and agribusiness may have compromised knowledge of its biological variety. In this context, knowledge about Cerrado species can contribute to its biodiversity preservation. This study aims to describe the isolation, molecular architecture and theoretical calculations of the compound (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5 ethyl -6-methylheptan-2 yl]-10,13 dimethyl 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3 ol, extracted from the Brazilian Cerrado Miconia burchellii plant. The supramolecular arrangement was described by Hirshfeld surface analysis, demonstrating the intermolecular interactions in the crystalline packing. The structure-property relationship shows the electrostatic potential map analysis, which reveals that the oxygen region is susceptible to electrophilic attack, and the frontier molecular orbital confirmed the kinetic stability of this compound. This study represents another step forward in the knowledge of compounds with pharmacological and medicinal properties extracted from the Cerrado. 2 however variety context preservation isolation 3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R172R,5R5 3S8S9S10R13R14S17R172R5R5 SSSRRSRRR 3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R 17 2R,5R 5 3S 8S 9S 10R 13R 14S 17R 2R 5R S R (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)- 6methylheptan2 methylheptan 6 -6-methylheptan- yl10,13 yl1013 yl 10,13 10 13 yl]-10,1 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17dodecahydro1H 234789111214151617dodecahydro1H dodecahydroH 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17 dodecahydro 1H 3 4 7 8 9 11 12 14 15 16 H cyclopentaaphenanthren3 cyclopentaaphenanthren cyclopenta a phenanthren cyclopenta[a]phenanthren- ol plant analysis packing structureproperty structure property attack 17R172R 5R5 3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R172R,5R 3S8S9S10R13R14S17R172R5R 3S8S9S10R13R14S17R SSSRRSR 1 2R5R RR (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R) 6methylheptan -6-methylheptan yl10 yl10,1 yl101 1013 10,1 yl]-10, 17dodecahydro1H 234789111214151617 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,1 cyclopenta[a]phenanthren (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R yl1 yl10, 101 10, yl]-10 23478911121415161 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16, yl]-1 2347891112141516 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16 yl]- 234789111214151 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,1 yl] 23478911121415 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15, 2347891112141 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15 234789111214 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,1 23478911121 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14, 2347891112 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14 234789111 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,1 23478911 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12, 2347891 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12 234789 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,1 23478 2,3,4,7,8,9,11, 2347 2,3,4,7,8,9,11 234 2,3,4,7,8,9,1 23 2,3,4,7,8,9, 2,3,4,7,8,9 2,3,4,7,8, 2,3,4,7,8 2,3,4,7, 2,3,4,7 2,3,4, 2,3,4 2,3, 2,3 2,

Resumen El Cerrado en el centro de Brasil está compuesto por tipos de vegetación únicos con una gran fuente de compuestos bioactivos. Las décadas de 1970 y 1980 estuvieron marcadas por la intensa incorporación de estas áreas nativas a pastos y cultivos, lo que incrementó el consumo de plaguicidas como el glifosato y la atrazina. Hoy en día, continúa habiendo una pérdida constante de vegetación natural en este bioma, y la presión del uso de la tierra está causando pérdidas significativas de vegetación nativa, impulsadas principalmente por la expansión agrícola. Este artículo proporciona un mapeo del consumo promedio estimado de pesticidas por cultivo, así como una comprensión de los riesgos asociados con la contaminación por glifosato y atrazina en el estado de Goiás. Ambas áreas sirven como base para comprender los desafíos y oportunidades de sostenibilidad asociados con agricultura en el estado de Goiás Cerrado brasileño. bioactivos 197 198 cultivos día bioma nativa agrícola cultivo brasileño 19 1

Abstract The Cerrado in Central Brazil is composed of unique vegetation types with a large source of bioactive compounds. The 1970s and 1980s were marked by the intensive incorporation of these forested areas into pastures and cropland, which increased the consumption of pesticides like glyphosate and atrazine. Today there continues to be a constant loss of native vegetation in this biome, and the pressure from land use is causing significant losses of native vegetation, driven mainly by agricultural expansion. This article offers a mapping of the estimated average consumption of pesticide per crop as well as an understanding of the risks associated with glyphosate and atrazine contamination in the state of Goiás. Both of these areas serve as a basis for understanding the challenges and opportunities for sustainability associated with agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado. compounds s cropland biome expansion Goiás

Resumo O Cerrado no Brasil Central é composto por tipos de vegetação únicos com uma grande fonte de compostos bioativos. As décadas de 1970 e 1980 foram marcadas pela intensa incorporação dessas áreas com vegetação nativa a pastagens e lavouras, o que aumentou o consumo de agrotóxicos como glifosato e atrazina. Hoje continua a haver uma perda constante de vegetação natural neste bioma, e a pressão do uso da terra está causando perdas significativas de vegetação nativa, impulsionadas principalmente pela expansão agrícola. Este artigo oferece um mapeamento do consumo médio estimado de agrotóxicos por safra, bem como uma compreensão dos riscos associados à contaminação por glifosato e atrazina no estado de Goiás. Ambas as áreas servem de base para entender os desafios e oportunidades de sustentabilidade associados à agricultura no Cerrado brasileiro. bioativos 197 198 lavouras bioma agrícola safra Goiás brasileiro 19 1

Benzimidazole and its derivatives are molecules that have diverse biological properties, therefore we synthesized and studied a new benzimidazole to understand their physical/chemical properties. The compound was obtained through a new synthetic route, using graphite oxide, in the absence of solvent, with crystalline packaging supported by C-H…N and C-H…π interactions. According to the frontier molecular orbitals, the compound is kinetically stable while the molecular electrostatic potential map confirms the site of molecular interactions involving nitrogen atoms and the π-system. This comprehensive study on synthesis, structural description and theoretical calculations can support ongoing studies in pharmaceutical science.

Chalcones are compounds with wide interesting biological activities including Alzheimer’s disease. A comparative study was performed between the chalcones (E)-1-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and 1-(6-amino-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one regarding the influence of benzodioxol group on their molecular conformations. The first chalcone was neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid, while solid of the second was filtered and recrystallized from ethanol, both on centrosymmetric space group P21/c. Their molecular packing were evaluated by Hirshfeld surfaces, and both frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map were carried out by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The compounds are stabilized by C–H…O and C–H…p interactions, as observed on MEP map, while the HOMO-LUMO gap indicated the conformational stability. The pharmacophore mapping approach was carried out for the identification of potential target candidates and then, further molecular docking analysis targeting the beta-secretase 1 (BACE-1) protein as a tactic to develop potential AD inhibitors, was performed. The AutoDock Vina score in redocking result for 2OHQ is –7.4 and –7.6 kcal moL-1. Additionally, the docking results for compounds inside the active site of the 2OHQ structure showed that both compounds bound to the BACE-1 active site with AutoDock Vina score of –6.0 kcal moL-1.

The structures of two methoxylated chalcones, namely (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and (E)-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, reveal the effect of the inclusion of the methoxyl and ethoxyl substituents of the conformation on methoxy-chalcone. Structural comparative study between two chalcones was done in this work and some effects on geometric parameters, such as planarity and dihedral angles, were described. In addition, intermolecular interactions responsible for crystalline packaging were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and the values of those interactions were analysed by comparing experimental and theoretical models. The molecular stability was expressed in terms of softness and hardness, both obtained from frontier molecular orbitals. Finally, there is a good agreement between calculated and experimental infrared spectrum, which allowed the assignment of the normal vibrational modes.