RESUMO: A temperatura afeta o desenvolvimento das plantas, portanto o filocrono tem sido usado para prever eventos de desenvolvimento e estabelecer o momento adequado para práticas agrícolas. Esse estudo buscou avaliar mudanças em filocrono e soma térmica até o florescimento de genótipos de aveia desenvolvidos em diferentes décadas em três regimes térmicos; o efeito de altas temperaturas no desenvolvimento de fitômeros; e identificar o estágio de desenvolvimento em que ocorre a transição do meristema para a fase reprodutiva. Três ambientes foram estabelecidos pela semeadura no outono, na primavera e em temperatura constante (17oC), em fotoperíodo indutor. Apesar da alteração dos valores numéricos, houve pouca diferença entre os filocronos dos genótipos. A adição das temperaturas ótima e máxima específicas no cálculo de graus dias demonstrou a estabilidade de filocrono entre ambientes. O ciclo e a soma térmica correlacionaram-se com o número de fitômeros. UFRGS 078030-2 floresceu mais cedo, teve menos fitômeros e maior tolerância a altas temperaturas do que os demais genótipos. Os genótipos mais recentes transitam para a fase reprodutiva em estágios mais precoces da escala Haun, em comparação com os genótipos mais antigos.

ABSTRACT: Temperature affects plant development therefore phyllochron has been used as a predictor for developmental events to define the time for agricultural managing practices. This study aims to evaluate changes in phyllochron and thermal sum required for flowering by oat genotypes developed at different decades at three temperature regimes; the effect of high temperature on phytomere development; and identify the development stage at the moment of meristem transition to reproductive stage. Three environments were obtained by sowing in the fall, in the spring, and under constant temperature (17oC), always at inductive photoperiod. Despite changes in nominal values small differences were found among genotypes’ phyllochron. Adding specific optimal and maximum temperatures into the growing degree days’ calculation demonstrated phyllochron stability among environments. Plant cycle length and thermal sum correlated with the number of developed phytomeres. UFRGS 078030-2 plants flowered earlier, had a small number of phytomeres, and greater tolerance to elevated temperatures than the other genotypes. More recent genotypes transit to reproductive stage at an earlier Haun stage than older ones.

Resumo Fundamento Nos últimos anos, o recente aumento no número de procedimentos intervencionistas tem resultado em crescente preocupação em relação à exposição radiológica por pacientes e equipe médica. A avaliação da exposição dos níveis de radiação em crianças é difícil devido à grande variabilidade no peso corporal. Portanto, os valores de referência de radiação não estão bem definidos para essa população. Objetivos Avaliar e validar a razão do produto dose-área (DAP) em relação ao peso corporal como uma medida de referência de radiação em cateterismos cardíacos em crianças. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico observacional com dados do Registro Brasileiro de Cateterismo Cardíaco em Cardiopatias Congênitas (CHAIN) de março de 2013 a junho de 2014. Os critérios de inclusão foram: pacientes <18 anos submetidos a procedimentos hemodinâmicos para cardiopatia congênita, com DAP devidamente registrado. Foram considerados diferenças estatísticas significativas os valores de p < 0,05. Resultados Este estudo avaliou 429 pacientes com idade e peso medianos de 50 (10, 103) meses e 15 (7, 28) kg, respectivamente. O DAP mediano foi de 742,2 (288,8, 1.791,5) μGy.m2. Houve uma boa correlação entre o DAP e o produto peso/tempo de fluoroscopia (rs=0,66). Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa na relação DAP/peso entre procedimentos terapêuticos e diagnósticos. Houve ampla variação da relação DAP/peso entre os procedimentos terapêuticos (p<0.001). Conclusões A proporção DAP/peso é a medida mais simples e aplicável para avaliar a exposição radiológica em uma população pediátrica. Apesar da escassa literatura disponível, as doses obtidas no presente estudo foram semelhantes àquelas encontradas anteriormente. Estudos de validação e comparação são importantes na avaliação do impacto de estratégias para redução da exposição radiológica nessa população. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background In recent years the increasing number of interventional procedures has resulted in growing concerns regarding radiation exposure for patients and staff. The evaluation of radiation exposure in children is difficult due to the great variability in body weight. Therefore, reference levels of radiation are not well defined for this population. Objectives To study and validate the ratio of dose-area product (DAP) to patient weight as a reference measurement of radiation for hemodynamic congenital heart disease procedures in children. Methods This observational multicenter study uses data obtained from a Brazilian registry of cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease from March 2013 to June 2014. Inclusion criteria were all patients aged <18 years old undergoing hemodynamic procedures for congenital heart disease, with recorded DAP doses. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results This study evaluated 429 patients with median age and weight of 50 (10, 103) months and 15 (7, 28) kg, respectively. Median DAP was 742.2 (288.8, 1,791.5) μGy.m2. There was a good correlation between DAP and weight-fluoroscopic time product(rs=0.66). No statistically significant difference was observed in DAP/weight ratio between therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. There was a wide variation in the DAP/weight ratio among the therapeutic procedures (p<0.001). Conclusions The DAP/weight ratio is the simplest and most applicable measurement to evaluate radiation exposure in a pediatric population. Although there is limited literature available, the doses obtained in the present study were similar to those previously found. Ongoing research is important to evaluate the impact of strategies to reduce radiation exposure in this population (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o desempenho energético de dois tipos de sistemas de condicionamento de ar, volume de ar variável (VAV) e fluxo de refrigerante variável (VRF), com base no uso de energia em refrigeração através de simulação computacional. Os dois sistemas foram projetados para operar em um prédio comercial localizado na cidade de Florianópolis, Brasil. A análise envolveu a aplicação de dois padrões de uso da edificação: a) constante e b) variável. Além disso, o coeficiente de performance (COP), a razão de carga parcial (PLR), e o percentual anual de horas de operação para cada faixa de valores de COP e PLR para cada sistema de condicionamento de ar foram analisados, permitindo avaliar a eficiência de resfriamento do sistema e relacionar os resultados ao consumo anual de energia. O COP de entrada do VAV é 6.7 e do VRF é 5.0, mas o sistema VRF apresentou o menor consumo de energia para ambos padrões de uso. A diferença nos valores de consumo de energia de refrigeração para os sistemas VRF e VAV, para o padrão de uso variável comparado com o padrão de uso constante, é influenciada principalmente pelo desempenho da carga parcial durante o período mais quente do ano.

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze the energy performance of two types of water-cooled air conditioning systems, variable air volume (VAV) and variable refrigerant flow (VRF), in terms of their cooling energy use through building simulation. These systems were designed to operate in an office building located in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. The analysis involved the application of two building use schedules: a) constant and b) variable. Moreover, an analysis of the coefficient of performance (COP) and partial load ratio (PLR), and the percentage of operating hours for each range of cooling COP and PLR for each air conditioning system, allowed the system cooling efficiency to be assessed and the results to be related to the annual energy consumption. The coefficient of performance of VAV and VRF is 6.7 and 5.0, respectively, but the VRF system presented the lowest energy consumption for both schedules. The difference in the cooling energy consumption values for the VRF and VAV systems, for the variable schedule compared with the constant schedule, is mainly influenced by the partial load performance during the hottest period of the year.

ABSTRACT The objective with this study was to evaluate the effect of including dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a replacement for soybean meal on feed intake, digestibility, and total digestible nutrients (TDN), as well as plasmatic glucose and serum urea concentrations. Fifteen Saanen goats were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and five replicates. Treatments were soybean meal (SBM), SBM+DDGS (12.28% of dry matter [DM]), and DDGS (23.16% of DM), as protein source in diets, common to all corn ground and mineral-vitamin supplement, and corn silage (60% of DM). Response variables were evaluated every 30 d, from 1 to 120 d after parturition. Measurements included body weight, DM intake, DM and nutrient digestibility, and blood samples. Indigestible neutral detergent fiber was used to estimate fecal excretion. There was a difference in neutral detergent fiber intake from 1 to 30 d after parturition. In the four phases of lactation evaluated, there were treatment effects on DM, organic matter, ether extract, and total carbohydrate digestibility, as well as on TDN concentration. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was affected by treatments, except from d 61 to 90. There was no treatment effect on non-fibrous carbohydrate digestibility, regardless of period. Therefore, SBM+DDGS (12.28% of DM), as protein source on diets may be used in Saanen goat diets from 1 to 120 d of lactation without negative effects on feed intake, digestibility, and plasma glucose and urea concentrations.

BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) - characterized by the absence of detectable HBsAg in the presence of HBV DNA - represents a potential threat for blood safety. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the serological and molecular characterization of occult HBV infection (OBI) among blood donors in Mozambique. METHODS 1,502 blood donors were tested for HBsAg. All HBsAg-negative individuals were tested for HBV DNA. Antibodies against HBV core, surface and HBe antigen (anti-HBc, anti-HBs, HBeAg) were measured in HBV DNA positive individuals. FINDINGS 1435 serum samples were HBsAg negative and 16 positive for HBV DNA, 14 confirmed to have OBI, corresponding to a frequency of 0.98%. Of the 14 OBI infections identified, 13/14 (92.8%) were positive for anti-HBc, 4/14 (28.5%) for anti-HBs, and no samples were reactive for HBeAg. Of the 14 OBI cases, nine samples (64.2%) were sequenced for the S/P region. Eight samples (88.9%) belonged to genotype A1 and one (11.1%) to genotype E. One escape mutation (T123A) associated with OBI and various amino acid substitutions for genotype A1 and E were observed. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results show the importance of using nucleic acid amplification test to detect occult hepatitis B infection in blood donors in Mozambique.

In the present work the characterization of different strains of Dunaliella salina from established cell culture collections and various isolates from solar saltworks located in the Canary Island, as well as one mutant, was carried out in order to assess the existence of intraspecific differences and to determine the potential productivity of each one. Morphological characteristics such as cellular size and cellular complexity and parameters linked to cellular physiology, such as pigment content or cellular growth rate, were determined by means of traditional techniques as well as flow cytometry. Results showed a high morphological and physiological intraspecific variability among the studied strains. Results suggest that the application of the lipidic dye Nile red allowed the development of a cytometric method faster than the traditional techniques to select carotenoid hyperproducing strains of microalgae.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros biológicos do ácaro predador Phytoseiulus macropilis na ausência de alimento por períodos de um a seis dias. Foram avaliados: o número de ovos por fêmea ao dia; o número total de ovos; a longevidade de fêmeas; e a razão sexual dos descendentes. Fêmeas que ficaram por mais de três dias sem alimento apresentaram queda em todas variáveis biológicas avaliadas. O predador P. macropilis somente se estabelecerá em campo se as manchas ocupadas pelo ácaro-rajado não estiverem muito distantes umas das outras.

The objective of this work was to access the biological parameters of the predator mite Phytoseiulus macropilis in the food absence for periods of one or more days. Data evaluated were: egg number per female per day; total number of eggs; longevity of females; and the offspring sex rate. Female in starvation for three or more days showed decrease in all biological variables. P. macropilis only will settle in the field if patch populations occupied by spider mite are not very distant from each other.

A ação letal e subletal de defensivos alternativos sobre o ácaro-branco Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) foi avaliada em laboratório. Plantas de pimenta "Malagueta" (6 cm de altura) foram pulverizadas, nas dosagens recomendadas para hortaliças, com os seguintes produtos: biofertilizante "Supermagro", "Calda Viçosa", calda sulfocálcica, acaricida abamectina e água. Após a pulverização, foram transferidas dez fêmeas de P. latus para cada planta. Seis dias após, avaliou-se o número de ácaros por planta e calculou-se a taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional (r i). A população final de P. latus em plantas tratadas com a calda sulfocálcica, com a "Calda Viçosa" e com o acaricida abamectina foi significativamente menor do que em plantas tratadas com água e com "Supermagro". Foram obtidos valores negativos para a r i de P. latus em plantas tratadas com a calda sulfocálcica (r i = -0,2922) e com a "Calda Viçosa" (r i = -0,0301). Valores positivos para a r i foram obtidos para ácaros em plantas tratadas com "Supermagro" (r i = 0,2373) e com água (r i = 0,1971), indicando aumento da população de P. latus nessas plantas. Não foi possível o cálculo do r i para ácaros em plantas tratadas com abamectina devido a morte de todas as fêmeas no inicio do experimento. A "Calda Viçosa" e a calda sulfocálcica apresentaram potencial de controle para o ácaro branco P. latus em pimenta.

Lethal and sublethal effects of alternative pesticides on the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus were evaluated. Chilli pepper plants (6 cm high) were sprayed with one of the following treatments: biofertilizer "Supermagro", "Viçosa mixture" (a nutrient amended Bordeaux mixture), lime sulfur, abamectin and water. After spraying, 10 females of P. latus were transferred to each plant. Six days after, the number of mites per plant was counted and the instantaneous rate of increase (r i) was evaluated for each treatment. The population of P. latus on plants treated with lime sulfur, "Viçosa mixture" and abamectin was significantly lower than on plants treated with biofertilizer and water. Negative values of the instantaneous rate of increase (r i), were obtained for P. latus on plants treated with lime sulfur (r i = -0.2922) and with "Viçosa mixture" (r i = -0.0301). Positive values were obtained for mites on plants treated with biofertilizer (r i = 0.2373) and water (r i = 0.1971), which indicate increase of P. latus population on these plants. It was not possible to calculate r i for mites on abamectin treated plants, because all females died at the beginning of the experiment. Lime sulfur and "Viçosa mixture" showed potential for controlling broad mite P. latus on chilli pepper "Malagueta".