ABSTRACT Biochar can promote crop production and soil quality. However, its characteristics depend on the waste used in its production and its effects may vary according to the species being cultivated and the management adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biochar from animal waste on soil quality and the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea. An experiment was set up to test three types of biochar (bovine-BB, swine-SB and poultry-BP), with added fertiliser (BBF, SBF and BPF) and two control treatments, including the addition of calcium magnesium oxide (CT) and calcium magnesium oxide with fertiliser (CTF), giving a total of eight treatments with four replications. There was a respective increase of up to 102.94%, 1048%, 1560% and 360.22% in stem diameter, number of pods, number of grains per pod and stem dry matter from adding the biochar. The poultry biochar increased each of the above parameters even with no added fertiliser. There was no difference in basal soil respiration or β-glucosidase enzyme activity, whereas organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial carbon and soil labile carbon were greater with biochar. BBF gave the highest TOC content (24.40 g kg-1), while BP and BPF increased TN by around 61%. The application of biochar + fertiliser contributed to an average reduction of 56% in the soil metabolic quotient. Poultry biochar favoured both the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea and soil quality, while bovine biochar showed more marked results with the addition of fertiliser. However adopted bovineBB, bovineBB BB, BB (bovine-BB swineSB swine SB poultryBP, poultryBP , poultry-BP) BBF, (BBF CT (CT CTF, CTF (CTF) replications 10294 102 94 102.94% 1048 1048% 1560 36022 360 22 360.22 diameter pods βglucosidase β glucosidase activity TOC, (TOC) TN, (TN) 24.40 2440 24 40 (24.4 kg1, kg1 kg 1 kg-1) 61 61% 56 quotient poultry-BP (CTF 1029 10 9 102.94 104 156 3602 36 2 360.2 (TOC (TN 24.4 244 4 (24. kg-1 6 5 102.9 15 3 360. 24. (24 kg- 102. (2 (

ABSTRACT: Fertilization management of pigeon peas can increase soil quality and the N utilization by plants. Therefore, we evaluated the biological activity of soil cultivated with pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) under different fertilization treatments. A randomized block design was used with three replicates and a 3×5 factorial arrangement (genotype×fertilization and inoculation management). At full flowering stage, the plants were collected and shoot dry matter was evaluated. Soil was sampled at 0-20 cm for various analysis viz. nodulation assessment; soil organic carbon; total nitrogen; carbon and nitrogen from microbial biomass; C/N ratio; β-glucosidase and urease enzymatic activity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (P ≤ 0.05). A Pearson correlation matrix was constructed, and the similarity between treatments was evaluated using the Mahalanobis distance and grouping was done using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Both the experimental genotypes (BRS03 and BRS04) showed similar nodulation and shoot dry matter pattern with respect to fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the microbial inoculation promoted a higher shoot dry matter content in all the genotypes. The application of mineral N and inoculation increased the total N content in the soil, favoring the mineralization of this nutrient. During the testing phase, the genotypes exhibited an increase in microbial carbon and microbial quotient levels, indicating an improvement in soil quality. The combination of fertilization and inoculation increased the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase and urease. The correlation matrix showed a strong association between N total and C/N ratio. The formation of groups by UPGMA was observed as a function of inoculation, demonstrating its effect on soil biological variables. ABSTRACT Therefore Cajanus L (L Millsp. Millsp 35 3 5 3× genotype×fertilization genotypefertilization genotype management. . management) stage 020 0 20 0-2 viz assessment biomass CN C ratio βglucosidase β glucosidase Tukeys Tukey s P 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) constructed UPGMA. (UPGMA) BRS03 BRS (BRS0 BRS04 Furthermore nutrient phase levels variables 02 2 0- 00 0.0 (UPGMA BRS0 (BRS 0.

RESUMO: O manejo da adubação do feijão-guandu pode melhorar a qualidade do solo e o aproveitamento do N pelas plantas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade biológica do solo cultivado com feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) com diferentes manejos de adubação. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e arranjo fatorial 3x5 (genótipos x fertilização e manejo de inoculação). Na fase de florescimento pleno procedeu-se a coleta da planta, para determinação da massa seca da parte aérea e do solo em 0-20 cm, para avaliações da nodulação; carbono orgânico total; nitrogênio total; carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana; relação C/N; atividade enzimática de β-glucosidase e urease. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste Tukey (P ≤ 0,05). Foi construída uma matriz de correlações de Pearson, a similaridade entre os tratamentos foi avaliada pela distância de Mahalanobis e o agrupamento pelo método de pares não ponderados com média aritmética (UPGMA). Ambos genótipos experimentais (BRS03 e BRS04) apresentaram comportamento semelhante para nodulação e padrão de matéria seca da parte aérea semelhantes em relação aos tratamentos com adubação. A aplicação de N mineral e inoculação incrementou o N total do solo, favorecendo a mineralização deste nutriente. Durante as fases de testes, os genótipos obtiveram elevação nos teores de carbono microbiano e quociente microbiano, indicando melhoria da qualidade do solo. A combinação de adubação e inoculação aumentou a atividade das enzimas β-glicosidase e urease. A matiz de correlação demonstrou elevada associação entre N total e relação C/N. A formação dos grupos pelo UPGMA foi obtida em função da inoculação, evidenciando seu efeito sobre as variáveis biológicas do solo. RESUMO feijãoguandu plantas Assim objetivouse objetivou se Cajanus L (L Millsp. Millsp Empregouse Empregou casualizados 3x inoculação. . inoculação) procedeuse procedeu planta 020 0 20 0-2 cm microbiana C/N CN C βglucosidase β glucosidase urease P 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) Pearson UPGMA. (UPGMA) BRS03 BRS (BRS0 BRS04 nutriente testes βglicosidase glicosidase 02 2 0- 00 0,0 (UPGMA BRS0 (BRS 0,

ABSTRACT Some native species of the Cerrado have great ecological and economic potential. An alternative that aims to contribute to the good performance of post-planting plants is the incorporation of biochar into the soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of filter cake biochar as a soil conditioner and its influence on the growth and physiology of macaúba, araçá and cajuzinho do cerrado. The experiments were set up at Fazenda Hamilton de Abreu Navarro, Federal University of Minas Gerais, where the effect of four doses of filter cake biochar (1%, 2%, 4% and 8% v/v) and two treatments were evaluated. control: one with soil correction (7.5 g of GEOX) and mineral fertilization (380 g NPK 4:14:8 per plant) and the other without fertilization. To monitor the performance of the seedlings, evaluations were carried out at 30, 60 and 120 days after transplanting, the physiological parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, CO2 consumed, internal carbon and electron transport rate), and morphological parameters (height and diameter), at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting. At 120 days, the production of shoot, root and total dry biomass was evaluated. For macaúba, the application of biochar, at a dose of 2%, favored its photosynthesis. As for araçá, at 30 days after transplanting, the treatment without fertilization was better for most variables, however the treatments with biochar also had satisfactory results. The cajuzinho from the cerrado also responded positively to the application of biochar at all doses. The physiological and morphological variables responded well to treatments without fertilization and with application of biochar to the soil. Therefore, filter cake biochar can be indicated in the planting of the studied species, as well as the non-application of corrective and mineral fertilizer. potential postplanting post macaúba Navarro Gerais 1%, 1 (1% 2 2% 4 8 v/v vv v evaluated control 7.5 75 7 5 (7. GEOX 380 (38 4148 14 4:14: plant seedlings 6 12 transplanting photosynthesis, photosynthesis (photosynthesis transpiration conductance CO consumed rate, rate , rate) height diameter, diameter diameter) 9 shoot 3 results Therefore nonapplication non fertilizer 1% (1 7. (7 38 (3 414 4:14 ( 41 4:1 4:

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do biochar de torta de filtro como condicionador de solo e sua influência no crescimento e na fisiologia de macaúba, araçá e cajuzinho do cerrado. Os experimentos foram montados na Fazenda Hamilton de Abreu Navarro da UFMG, onde foram avaliados o efeito de quatro doses de biochar de torta de filtro (1%, 2%, 4% e 8% v/v) e dois tratamentos controle: um com correção do solo e adubação mineral, e o outro sem adubação. Para acompanhar o desempenho das mudas, foram realizadas avaliações aos 30, 60 e 120 dias após o transplantio, dos parâmetros fisiológicos (fotossíntese, transpiração, condutância estomática, CO2 consumido, carbono interno e taxa de transporte de elétrons), e morfológicos (altura e diâmetro), aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o transplantio. Aos 120 dias, avaliou-se a produção de biomassa seca da parte aérea, de raízes e total. Para a macaúba, a aplicação de biochar, na dose de 2%, favoreceu a sua fotossíntese. Já para o araçá, aos 30 dias após o transplantio, o tratamento sem adubação foi melhor para a maioria das variáveis, entretanto os tratamentos com biochar também tiveram resultados satisfatórios. O cajuzinho do cerrado também respondeu positivamente à aplicação de biochar em todas as doses. As variáveis fisiológicas e morfológicas responderam bem aos tratamentos sem adubação e com aplicação de biochar ao solo. Portanto, o biochar de torta de filtro pode ser indicado no plantio das espécies estudadas, assim como a não aplicação de corretivo e fertilizante mineral. macaúba UFMG 1%, 1 (1% 2 2% 4 8 v/v vv v controle mineral mudas 6 12 transplantio fotossíntese, fotossíntese (fotossíntese transpiração estomática CO consumido elétrons, elétrons , elétrons) altura diâmetro, diâmetro diâmetro) 9 avaliouse avaliou se aérea total 3 satisfatórios Portanto estudadas 1% (1 (

ABSTRACT: The sampling methods for soil and plant evaluation in integrated production systems need to be refined for their use in experiments. This study purposed a sampling representativeness model to evaluate soil carbon and physiological parameters of marandu palisadegrass intercropped with double rows of eucalyptus in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil. Four transects were delimited within the silvopastoral system and the soil was sampled at 0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm depths to evaluate two parameters of soil organic matter: total organic carbon (TOC) and soil microbial carbon (Cmic). We also evaluated three physiological parameters of marandu palisadegrass: stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate. The sampling strategy was evaluated by the Hatheway and Modified Maximum Curvature (MMC) methods. We found that cultivation of the alley with forage grass and double rows of eucalyptus must be considered to ensure sampling representativeness in a silvopastoral system, once TOC and Cmic and physiological parameters showed variation within the integrated production system. The MMC method could be useful to evaluate silvopastoral systems for experiments and characterization of agricultural areas, as 11 soil samples are representative to evaluate Cmic and TOC, and 13 samples are enough to evaluate the physiological parameters in marandu palisadegrass. The Hatheway method could be applied to experiments that need higher accuracy with a reduction in the minimum difference to be detected between the treatments and a consequent increase in the number of samples to be collected.