Abstract Micronutrient deficiency is a worldwide health problem, especially in developing countries. A survey conducted over the last decade has shown that approximately half of all Brazilian preschoolers have iron-deficiency anemia, representing a severe public health problem. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological attributes and especially the iron level of a fortifying mixture (FM) containing pork liver prepared in powder form. Centesimal composition, fatty acids, minerals and microbiological evaluation were determined. The results obtained showed that this is a product of good microbiological quality with a high protein (47.34%) and lipid (28.29%) content. Monounsaturated fatty acids represented 8.13% of the total fatty acids, the main one being oleic acid (C 18:1 ω9) at 7.57%, corresponding to 93.22% of the total monounsaturated fatty acids. Regarding mineral content (5.18%), the FM proved to be an important source of iron (23.8 mg/100 g), also containing expressive amounts of other minerals, zinc in particular (9.97 mg/100 g). The results showed that FM has characteristics that make it an excellent fortifying food to be used in school meals mainly in soups, creams, cooked meats and especially in beans, a preparation that is already part of the Brazilian food habits since childhood.

Resumo O tráfico de drogas tornou-se o principal fator para a crescente escalada da violência e um dos maiores obstáculos para o sucesso dos serviços públicos de saúde nas favelas. O Brasil ocupa o primeiro lugar no mundo como o país com mais anos de vida perdidos pela violência. As favelas brasileiras surgiram nas colinas do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX e foram construídas por ex-escravos. Nas últimas décadas, a velocidade de seu crescimento se intensificou. Entre 2000 e 2010, o crescimento de favelas foi doze vezes maior que o aumento anual das famílias brasileiras. O número de pessoas vivendo nessas condições (61% afro-brasileiras) aumentou de 6,5 milhões em 2000 para mais de 14 milhões em 2010. São Paulo abriga 27% de todas as favelas no Brasil. Desde a década de 2000, essas comunidades foram ocupadas por trabalhadores pobres (65% com permissão de trabalho) que não têm renda suficiente para pagar o aluguel. Aproximadamente dois milhões de pessoas residem nas favelas de São Paulo. Esses territórios têm a maior prevalência de subnutrição entre as crianças causada por moradia insalubre e a maior prevalência de obesidade em adultos causada pelo consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados de baixo custo. A coexistência dessas duas doenças representa uma carga dupla para a intervenção na saúde e aumenta consideravelmente o custo de implementação de políticas públicas. Este artigo apresenta evidências de que a violência está aumentando os efeitos negativos da vizinhança nas favelas brasileiras, condição que implica intervenções mais complexas e específicas, direcionadas para esses territórios.

Abstract Drug trafficking has become the main factor in the escalation of violence and one of the greatest obstacles to the success of public health services in slums. Brazil ranks number one in the world as the country with the most years of life lost through violence. Brazilian slums emerged in the hills of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century and were built by former slaves. In the last decades, the speed of their growth has intensified. Between 2000 and 2010, the growth of slums was twelve times higher than the annual increase in Brazilian households. The number of people living in these conditions (61% Afro-Brazilians) increased from 6.5 million in 2000 to more than 14 million in 2010. São Paulo houses 27% of all the slums in Brazil. Since the 2000s, these communities have been occupied by poor workers (65% with work permits) who do not have a sufficient income to pay rent. Approximately 2 million people reside in the slums of São Paulo. These territories have the highest prevalence of malnutrition among children caused by unhealthy housing and the highest prevalence of adult obesity caused by the consumption of low-cost, ultraprocessed foods. The coexistence of these two diseases constitutes a double burden for health intervention and greatly increases the cost of implementing public policies. This article provides evidence that violence is increasing the negative neighborhood effects in Brazilian slums, a condition that implies more complex and targetet interventions in these territories.