Abstract We investigated the Biogran on bone repair and metabolism at several time-intervals upon grafting into rat tibia artificial defects. The biomaterial was thoroughly characterized in vitro, and its dissolution behavior upon immersion was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. Biogran was also assessed by in vitro hydroxyapatite formation in SBF solution, which is a marker for bioactive behavior. In vivo, distal and proximal bone defects were performed in the Wistar rat's right tibia and filled according to the experimental groups: I) negative control, no filling; II) positive control, 10 mg of autogenous bone; and III) 10 mg of Biogran. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 weeks. Bone neoformation was analyzed using histomorphometry (proximal defect), and local levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were measured using the ELISA assay (distal defect). In vitro, the Biogran sample showed a fast dissolution rate within the first 7 days, parallel to the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer. In vivo, the sample was progressively resorbed at a higher rate within the first month until it became almost absent at week 10th. The sample presented similar or higher bone neoformation concerning the autogenous bone. BMP-2 levels were sustained in the Biogran group (around 200 pg/mg) and detected until the last experimental time with a significant difference compared with the controls. Results suggest Biogran is a candidate for hard tissue engineering even in highly active bone remodeling sites. timeintervals intervals (SBF 1 3 14 days vivo rats s groups I control filling II III 4 weeks defect, defect , defect) BMP2 BMP (BMP-2 defect. . layer 10th th BMP- around 20 pg/mg pgmg pg controls sites (BMP- (BMP

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the unstimulated salivary flow, pH, and buffering capacity and their associations with systemic conditions and medication use in independently living aged. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 72 participants with a minimum of 60 years recruited in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A questionnaire was used to collect age, sex, presence of systemic diseases, and medications in continuous use. Salivary data collection was performed to determine unstimulated salivary flow, pH, and buffering capacity. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed (p<0.05). Results: Most of the sample had at least one systemic disease (81.9%) and used at least one medication (79.2%). Female participants (p=0.01), those with five or more systemic diseases (p<0.01), and hypertension (p=0.04) had reduced salivary flow. Participants with systemic diseases (p=0.02), taking any medication (p=0.04), in a polypharmacy regimen, and presenting hypertension (p=0.02) had more acidic salivary pH. Participants with diabetes had average salivary buffering capacity (p=0.02). In the adjusted multiple regression models, no explanatory variable was significantly associated with the salivary outcomes. Conclusion: Systemic alterations and medication use appear to be related to salivary changes in older adults. Integrative assessment of older adults is fundamental to identifying and controlling the factors that may modify their salivary characteristics. Objective flow pH aged Methods crosssectional cross sectional 7 6 Horizonte Brazil age sex Descriptive bivariate p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) Results 81.9% 819 81 9 (81.9% 79.2%. 792 79.2% 79 2 (79.2%) p=0.01, p001 p=0.01 , 01 (p=0.01) p<0.01, p<0.01 (p<0.01) p=0.04 p004 04 (p=0.04 p=0.02, p002 p=0.02 02 p=0.04, regimen (p=0.02 p=0.02. models outcomes Conclusion characteristics p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 81.9 8 (81.9 79.2 (79.2% p=0.0 (p=0.01 (p<0.01 (p=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 81. (81. 79. (79.2 p=0. (p=0. p<0 (p<0. (81 (79. p=0 (p=0 p< (p<0 (8 (79 p= (p= (p< ( (7 (p

Abstract Curcumin, found in turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa L.), has been widely studied for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. However, due to its low bioavailability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics, analogous compounds have been developed to obtain better biopharmaceutical characteristics and enhanced biological effects. In this study, we evaluated the activity of curcumin and three of its synthetic analogues (DMAD, DMAM, and RI75) on the viability and differentiation of a pre-osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1). We also assessed the expression of key genes involved in tissue regeneration: vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), stromal-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2). The cells were treated with curcumin and the three analogues at concentrations of 10, 30, or 50 μM. All tested analogues and curcumin exhibited moderate to no cell toxicity compared to the cells treated under standard conditions across all concentrations after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Only the RI75 analogue showed upregulation of SDF-1, a crucial factor in tissue regeneration. Compared to curcumin, the DMAM and RI75 analogues also upregulated runx2 and vegf, both associated with osteodifferentiation. The RI75 analogue demonstrated greater mineralization than curcumin, and both promoted more nodule formation than the untreated control. Our data suggest that the curcumin analogue RI75 at 50 μM presents similar toxicity but enhanced biological activity compared to natural curcumin, making it a promising substance for material biomodifications. Curcumin Curcuma L., L L. , L.) benefits antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory antioxidant woundhealing wound healing properties However pharmacokinetics effects study DMAD, DMAD (DMAD RI preosteoblastic pre osteoblastic MC3T3E1. MC3T3E1 MCTE MC3T3 E1 . MC T E (MC3T3-E1) regeneration vegf (vegf) stromalderived stromal derived SDF1/CXCL12, SDF1CXCL12 SDFCXCL SDF 1/CXCL12 CXCL12 CXCL (SDF-1/CXCL12) runtrelated runt related runx2. runx (runx2) 10 30 5 24 48 7 hours RI7 SDF1, SDF1 1, SDF-1 osteodifferentiation control biomodifications MC3T3E MCT MC3T (MC3T3-E1 (vegf SDF1/CXCL12 SDF1CXCL1 1CXCL12 1/CXCL1 CXCL1 (SDF-1/CXCL12 (runx2 3 4 SDF- (MC3T3-E SDF1/CXCL1 SDF1CXCL 1CXCL1 1/CXCL (SDF-1/CXCL1 (runx SDF1/CXCL 1CXCL (SDF-1/CXCL

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the pulp response to F18 and cobalt-doped F18 bioglass (F18Co) in comparison with calcium hydroxide (CH) after pulp capping. The maxillary first molars of 48 rats were divided into F18, F18Co, CH, and control (no intervention) groups. The pulp was exposed, the materials were placed, and the teeth were capped. After 7 and 15 days, the animals were euthanized for pulp evaluation and interleukin (IL) expression determination. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SigmaPlot® program (Systat Software Inc., for Windows, version 12.0). The data obtained in the analyses were subjected to the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's test. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The CH group exhibited mild to moderate inflammation, whereas the bioglass groups displayed moderate to severe inflammation, indicating a notable difference between the control and bioglass groups. At 7 days, both the CH and most of the bioglass specimens showed moderate disorganization. On day 15, CH displayed mildto-moderate disorganization, whereas F18 and F18Co exhibited significantly more moderate-to-severe disorganization. There were no significant differences in IL-6 and IL-10 expressions between groups at 7 days, but a noteworthy increase in IL-1β was observed in both CH and F18. After 15 days, there was a greater expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in the bioglass groups. No significant IL-10 expression was observed. Bioglass performed less effectively than CH when in direct contact with the pulp tissue. F F1 cobaltdoped cobalt doped FCo Co (F18Co (CH capping 4 intervention exposed placed capped 1 days IL (IL determination SigmaPlot Systat Inc Inc. Windows 12.0. 120 12.0 . 12 0 12.0) nonparametric non parametric KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis test Dunns Dunn s tests 005 05 0.05 inflammation disorganization mildtomoderate mildto moderatetosevere IL6 6 IL- IL10 10 IL-1 IL1β ILβ 1β β tissue 12. 00 0.0 IL1 0.

Aim To evaluate the prevalence of untreated caries and its association with biological, individual, and environmental variables in independently-living elderly people. Methods This cross-sectional study included 72 elderly (≥60 years) patients of a university dental clinic in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Sociodemographic data, systemic diseases, medications, and free sugar intake were collected. Visible plaque, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), and Decayed and Filled Root (DFR) indexes were assessed through clinical examination. Unstimulated saliva was collected to determine salivary flow, pH, and buffering capacity. Descriptive analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis were performed following a dental caries theoretical model ( p <0.05, 95% CI). Results The mean DMFT and DFR were 24.44 (SD=4.59) and 3.21 (SD=2.93), respectively. The prevalence of untreated caries was 61.11%. In the adjusted multilevel regression model involving 1639 teeth, untreated dental caries was significantly associated with the presence of biofilm (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.24–2.74), salivary buffering capacity (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77–0.99) and per capita income (OR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.004–0.74). Conclusion The experience of dental caries was widespread among independently-living elderly patients, and its variability was best explained by the presence of biofilm, reduced salivary buffering capacity, and low per capita income. A comprehensive assessment is needed of the biological, individual, and environmental factors related to the presence of dental caries in independently-living elderly people. biological individual independentlyliving independently living people crosssectional cross sectional 7 ≥60 60 (≥6 years Horizonte Brazil data diseases medications plaque Missing DMFT, , (DMFT) (DFR examination flow pH 005 0 05 <0.05 95 CI. CI . CI) 2444 24 44 24.4 SD=4.59 SD459 SD 4 59 (SD=4.59 321 3 21 3.2 SD=2.93, SD293 SD=2.93 2 93 (SD=2.93) respectively 6111 61 11 61.11% 163 teeth OR 1.84 184 1 84 1.24–2.74, 124274 1.24–2.74 74 1.24–2.74) 0.87 087 87 0.77–0.99 077099 77 99 0.06 006 06 0.004–0.74. 0004074 0.004–0.74 004 0.004–0.74) ≥6 6 (≥ (DMFT 00 <0.0 9 244 24. SD=4.5 SD45 5 (SD=4.5 32 3. SD29 SD=2.9 (SD=2.93 611 61.11 16 1.8 18 8 12427 1.24–2.7 0.8 08 0.77–0.9 07709 0.0 000407 0.004–0.7 ≥ <0. SD=4. SD4 (SD=4. SD2 SD=2. (SD=2.9 61.1 1. 1242 1.24–2. 0. 0.77–0. 0770 00040 0.004–0. <0 SD=4 (SD=4 SD=2 (SD=2. 61. 124 1.24–2 0.77–0 077 0004 0.004–0 < SD= (SD= (SD=2 12 1.24– 0.77– 07 000 0.004– (SD 1.24 0.77 0.004 1.2 0.7 0.00

Abstract To evaluate the release of bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates of the composite resin used in the bonding of spurs applied in the treatment of children with anterior open bite and its effects on human keratinocytes. Methodology Saliva samples of 22 children were collected before spur attachment (baseline) and 30 minutes (min) and 24 hours (h) after spur bonding. Analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Standardized resin increments were added to three different dilutions of the cell culture medium. Keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultivated in the conditioned media and evaluated for cell viability (MTT) and cell scratch assay. Results The levels of BisGMA (1.74±0.27 μg/mL), TEGDMA (2.29±0.36 μg/mL), and BPA (3.264±0.88 μg/L) in the saliva after 30 min, in comparison to baseline (0±0 μg/mL, 0±0 μg/mL, and 1.15±0.21 μg/L, respectively), presented higher numbers. After 24 h, the levels of the monomers were similar to the baseline. Phthalates showed no significant difference among groups. HaCat cells showed increased viability and reduced cell migration over time after exposure to methacrylate-based resin composites. Conclusion Resin composites, used to attach spurs in children with anterior open bite during orthodontic treatment, release monomers after polymerization and can influence the behavior of human keratinocytes, even at very low concentrations. Orthodontists should be aware of the risks of the resinous compounds release and preventive procedures should be held to reduce patient exposure. bisphenolA BisGMA, , (BisGMA) TEGDMA, (TEGDMA) BPA, (BPA) keratinocytes 2 (baseline 3 min (min h (h highperformance high performance HPLC (HPLC HPLC–MS/MS HPLCMSMS MS (HPLC–MS/MS GC–MS. GCMS GC–MS . GC (GC–MS) medium HaCaT (HaCaT MTT (MTT assay 1.74±0.27 174027 1 74 0 27 (1.74±0.2 μgmL μg/mL μg mL μg/mL) 2.29±0.36 229036 29 36 (2.29±0.3 3.264±0.88 3264088 264 88 (3.264±0.8 μg/L μgL L 00 (0± 0± 115021 15 21 1.15±0.2 respectively, respectively respectively) numbers groups methacrylatebased based composites concentrations (BisGMA (TEGDMA (BPA (GC–MS 1.74±0.2 17402 7 (1.74±0. 2.29±0.3 22903 (2.29±0. 3.264±0.8 326408 26 8 (3.264±0. (0 11502 1.15±0. 1.74±0. 1740 (1.74±0 2.29±0. 2290 (2.29±0 3.264±0. 32640 (3.264±0 ( 1150 1.15±0 1.74±0 174 (1.74± 2.29±0 229 (2.29± 3.264±0 3264 (3.264± 115 1.15± 1.74± 17 (1.74 2.29± (2.29 3.264± 326 (3.264 11 1.15 1.74 (1.7 2.29 (2.2 3.264 32 (3.26 1.1 1.7 (1. 2.2 (2. 3.26 (3.2 1. (1 2. (2 3.2 (3. 3. (3

Abstract The topical glucocorticoid budesonide has been prescribed before and after sinus lift surgery as adjuvant drug treatment for maxillary sinus membrane inflammation. However, there is no study on the effects of budesonide on the regenerative process of bone grafting biomaterials. We investigated the effect of the association of budesonide with some biomaterials on the growth and differentiation capacity of pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 subclone 4). Xenogeneic (Bio-Oss and Bio-Gen) and synthetic hydroxyapatites (Osteogen, Bonesynth, and HAP-91) were tested in conditioned medium (1% w/v). The conditioned medium was then supplemented with budesonide (0.5% v/v). Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay (48, 96, and 144 h), and mineralized nodules were quantified after 14 days of culture using the Alizarin Red Staining. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed through the release of thymolphthalein at day seven. All biomaterials showed little or no cytotoxicity. The Bio-Gen allowed significantly less growth than the control group regardless of the experimental time. Regarding differentiation potential of MC3T3-E1, the HAP-91-conditioned medium showed remarkable osteoinductive properties. In osteodifferentiation, the addition of budesonide favored the formation of mineral nodules when cells were cultured in medium conditioned with synthetic materials, whereas it weakened the mineralization potential of cells cultured in xenogeneic medium. Regardless of whether budesonide was added or not, Osteogen and Bio-Oss showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity than the other groups. Budesonide may improve bone formation when associated with synthetic biomaterials. Conversely, the presence of this glucocorticoid weakens the mineralization potential of pre-osteoblastic cells cultured with xenogeneic hydroxyapatites.

Abstract This study investigated the factors associated with new carious lesions in one-to five-year-old children with developmental disabilities. This was a retrospective cohort that evaluated 64 dental charts of individuals with caries or fillings in their first dental appointment. The dependent variable was the occurrence of a new carious lesion or restoration. Gender, age, mother’s education, sugar consumption, oral hygiene, mouth breathing, reports of xerostomia, gingival status, use of psychotropic drugs, use of asthma drugs, history of asthma, bronchitis, reflux or seizures and having at least one sibling were covariates. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the raw and adjusted hazard ratios with their respective 95% confidence interval. The average time that individuals remained free of dental caries/restoration was 79.49 months (95%CI: 64.37 to 92.61). Increase in sucrose consumption increased the rate of caries recurrence (HR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.30). Individuals who had poor oral hygiene had higher rate of new dental caries (HR = 3.88; 95%CI: 1.22 to 12.37) compared to those with good oral hygiene. The presence of mouth breathing decreased the rate of recurrence of the disease when compared to the nasal breathing (HR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.70). Oral health-related behaviors and nasal respiration influenced the rate of dental caries recurrence in individuals with developmental disabilities.

Abstract: The present study aimed to characterize the chemical elements and cytotoxicity of Carnoy's solution (CS) by comparing two different trademarked products (one Brazilian [NCS] and another imported [ICS]) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures. For performing ICP-MS, the solutions were diluted according to calibration curves, and the chemical elements were analyzed with a spectrometer. HaCaT cells were exposed to CS concentrations ranging from 0.10% to 20% for 3 or 5 min. Cell viability was evaluated immediately (T0), 24 h (T1), and 7 days (T2) after exposure to CS using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Data were analyzed using a t-test for ICP-MS and analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post-hoc test for MTT assay, both considering statistical significance at p<0.05. ICP-MS results revealed that ICS presented significantly lower concentrations of 12 chemical elements than NCS. The results of MTT assay revealed that at T0, ICS was more cytotoxic than NCS regardless of the time of exposure (p < 0.05). At T1, the only difference between the groups was at a concentration of 0.10% after 5 min of exposure. At T2, at a concentration of 0.5%, ICS resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability compared to NCS (p < 0.05). Thus, the results showed that ICS was more cytotoxic than NCS. Collectively, our findings suggest that the individual compositions of different CS formulations should be investigated.

This study aimed to evaluate the survival of atraumatic restorative treatment high-viscosity glass ionomer sealants (ART-hvGIS) and its relationship with carious lesions incidence in underserved communities of Ecuador. A total of 483 first permanent molars with ART-hvGIS were included after treatment, in which fifteen students of the First Preventive Dentistry Post Graduate Program of Universidad Central del Ecuador assisted 176 schoolchildren, from 5 to 12 year-old. All the students had previously participated in a training course in ART approach. After one and two years follow-up, schoolchildren were reevaluated in relation to sealants retention and new carious lesions development. After first year of evaluation ART-hvGIS retention rate was about 30% and after second year 20%. Incidence of carious lesions was 4.0 and 3.4% after first and second periods, respectively. Although there was an extensive ART-hvGIS loss, carious lesions incidence was low in both the periods of evaluation. ART-hvGIS might be an important key to prevent tooth decay in underserved communities.