Abstract Senescence-associated proteolysis in plants is a complex and controlled process, essential for mobilization of nutrients from old or stressed tissues, mainly leaves, to growing or sink organs. Protein breakdown in senescing leaves involves many plastidial and nuclear proteases, regulators, different subcellular locations and dynamic protein traffic to ensure the complete transformation of proteins of high molecular weight into transportable and useful hydrolysed products. Protease activities are strictly regulated by specific inhibitors and through the activation of zymogens to develop their proteolytic activity at the right place and at the proper time. All these events associated with senescence have deep effects on the relocation of nutrients and as a consequence, on grain quality and crop yield. Thus, it can be considered that nutrient recycling is the common destiny of two processes, plant senescence and, proteolysis. This review article covers the most recent findings about leaf senescence features mediated by abiotic and biotic stresses as well as the participants and steps required in this physiological process, paying special attention to C1A cysteine proteases, their specific inhibitors, known as cystatins, and their potential targets, particularly the chloroplastic proteins as source for nitrogen recycling.

Both Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered to be causal agents of severe lower respiratory tract infections in patients under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 36 mechanically ventilated patients from intensive care units to compare the importance of the two species. The most relevant results showed that of 20 patients with A. baumannii, 15 (75.00 %) developed ventilator-associated pneumonia, and 10 (50.00 %) died with sepsis vs. 13 (100 %) patients with Ps. aeruginosa, of whom 12 (92.30 %) developed ventilator-associated pneumonia and 4 (30.76 %) died with sepsis. It is concluded that of the two microbial species, Acinetobacter baumannii was found in most patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and in those for whom sepsis played a significant role as a cause of death.

Tanto Acinetobacter baumannii como Pseudomonas aeruginosa son considerados agentes causales de severas infecciones respiratorias bajas en pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a 36 pacientes con ventilación mecánica en estas unidades con el objetivo de comparar la la repercusión de ambas especies. Los resultados más relevantes indicaron que de 20 pacientes con A. baumannii, 15 (75,00 %) desarrollaron neumonía asociada a la ventilación y 10 (50,00 %) fallecieron sépticos vs. 13 (100 %) pacientes con Ps. aeruginosa de los cuales 12 (92,30 %) desarrollaron neumonía asociada a la ventilación y 4 (30,76 %) fallecieron sépticos. Se concluye que entre ambas especies microbianas Acinetobacter baumannii fue encontrado en la mayoría de los pacientes con neumonía asociada a la ventilación y en aquellos en los que la sepsis desempeñó un papel significativo como causa de muerte.

Este artigo analisa os antecedentes comerciais e sóciodemográficos da importância do preço nas decisões dos compradores. O estudo utiliza a regressão ordinal a fim de analisar os dados obtidos a partir de uma amostra aleatória de consumidores de produtos comprados com freqüência; as pesquisas com estes consumidores foram realizadas em lojas diferentes. Os resultados demonstram que o prazer de compra e a fidelidade à marca influenciam a importância do preço. No entanto, a responsabilidade pela compra (freqüência de compra) não demonstra relação significativa. Ademais, foram encontradas algumas características sóciodemográficas interessantes no contexto do estudo, as quais podem ser analisado em pesquisas futuras.

This paper analyses the commercial and socio-demographic antecedents of the importance of price in buyers' decisions. The study uses ordinal regression in order to analyze the data obtained from a random sample of consumers of frequently purchased products; these consumers were surveyed in different stores. The results demonstrate that shopping enjoyment and brand loyalty have an influence over the importance of price. However, responsibility for shopping (purchase frequency) does not show a significant relationship. Furthermore, some interesting socio-demographic characteristics were found in the context of the study that can be analyzed in future research.

Este artículo analiza los antecedentes comerciales y sociodemográficos de la importancia del precio en las decisiones de los compradores. El estudio utiliza la regresión ordinal para analizar los datos obtenidos a partir de una muestra aleatoria de consumidores de productos comprados con frecuencia; las investigaciones con estos consumidores fueron realizadas en negocios diferentes. Los resultados demuestran que el placer de la compra y la fidelidad a la marca influencian la importancia del precio. Sin embargo, la responsabilidad por la compra (frecuencia de compra) no demuestra relación significativa. Además, fueron encontradas algunas características sociodemográficas interesantes en el contexto del estudio, las cuales pueden ser analizadas en investigaciones futuras.