Abstract Introduction: The medical school curricular structure may vary according to the educational planning of each higher education institution (HEI). The viewpoint of the coordination and the medical school faculty is not always aligned with the students’ opinions. Thus, using a methodology to identify the students’ point of view would be essential. Design thinking (DT) is a process that proposes a search, in an empathetic, collaborative, and creative way, for solutions to complex problems. Objectives: To present DT as a methodology to identify how clinical internship students believe the curricular structure from the 1st to the 4th year of a São Paulo state medical school should be, by collecting suggestions and points that require a re-evaluation process of the current curricular structure. Methods: This is a qualitative assessment, which will use the DT model. Students were divided into three groups of five, and each group was committed to having a free discussion on its ideas concerning the curricular structure. Then, a panel was presented to each group, dividing the semesters from the 1st to the 4th year with post-it notes representing the current curricular structure of the medical school, and each group had one hour to reassemble the curricular structure as they deemed appropriate. Results: After the discussion stage, each group assembled its curricular structure. Some changes concerning the year in which the discipline was provided were proposed, and the inclusion of others. Most of the suggestions were considered valid and were incorporated into the curriculum. Conclusions: The DT methodology contributed to the identification of several demands regarding the curricular structure in an orderly, empathetic, and collaborative way, taking into account the students’ opinions. It is, therefore, a planning strategy able to evidence weaknesses and strengths of the curriculum that might not have been noticed by the use of other strategies. Introduction HEI. HEI . (HEI) opinions Thus essential (DT search empathetic way problems Objectives st th reevaluation re evaluation Methods assessment model five Then postit post it appropriate Results stage proposed others Conclusions orderly therefore strategies (HEI

Resumo Introdução: A matriz curricular do curso de Medicina pode variar de acordo com o projeto pedagógico de curso (PPC) de cada instituição de ensino superior (IES). Nem sempre a visão da coordenação e do corpo docente do curso de Medicina está alinhada às opiniões dos alunos. Assim, a utilização de uma metodologia para identificar a visão do corpo discente seria fundamental. O design thinking (DT) é um processo que propõe a busca, de forma empática, colaborativa e criativa, de soluções para problemas complexos. Objetivo: Este estudo apresenta o DT como uma metodologia para identificar como os alunos do internato acreditam que deva ser a matriz curricular do primeiro ao quarto ano de um curso de Medicina no estado de São Paulo, e, para tanto, coletaram-se sugestões e pontos que exigiram a reavaliação na matriz original. Método: Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa com base no modelo do DT. Os alunos foram divididos em três grupos de cinco alunos, e cada grupo dedicou-se a discutir livremente sobre suas ideias acerca da matriz curricular. Posteriormente, apresentou-se um painel para cada grupo com a separação dos semestres correspondentes - do primeiro ao quarto ano - com post-it representando a matriz curricular vigente do curso de Medicina, e cada grupo teve uma hora para remontar a matriz curricular da maneira que julgasse mais adequado. Resultado: Após a fase de discussão, cada grupo montou sua matriz curricular, e propuseram-se algumas mudanças do ano em que a disciplina era ministrada e a inclusão de algumas matérias. A maioria das sugestões foi julgada procedente e incorporada na matriz curricular. Conclusão: A metodologia do DT contribuiu para a identificação de várias demandas acerca da matriz curricular de uma forma ordenada, empática e colaborativa, levando em consideração a opinião do estudante, sendo, portanto, uma estratégia de planejamento capaz de evidenciar fragilidades e fortalezas do currículo que talvez não fossem percebidas por outras estratégias. Introdução PPC (PPC IES. IES . (IES) Assim fundamental (DT busca criativa complexos Objetivo Paulo tanto coletaramse coletaram se original Método Realizouse Realizou dedicouse dedicou Posteriormente apresentouse apresentou postit post it adequado Resultado discussão propuseramse propuseram matérias Conclusão ordenada estudante sendo portanto estratégias (IES

Abstract Objective To compare the oncological results and the functional outcomes of patients undergoing Total Laryngectomy (TL) with the non-surgical treatment (organ preservation protocol) in the treatment of advanced laryngeal carcinomas through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A literature survey strategy was employed in order to perform a systematic review of the available evidence. Success rate and functional outomes after oncological treatment of patients with advanced laryngeal carcinomas was evaluated through systematic review and metanalysis, comparing TL and organ preservation protocol. Results The surgical treatment was associated with better survival outcomes. When stratifying by T stage, while patients with T4 staging have less risk of mortality with TL, there is no difference between the different treatments for patients with T3 tumors. Surgery is related to a lower chance of recurrence, late dysphagia and feeding tube dependence. Conclusion Patients with T4 tumors should undergo TL as their treatment of choice. For patients with T3 tumors, there is no differences on the risk of mortality according to the therapeutic option, however, there is a greater chance of recurrence and dysphagia when surgery is not performed. (TL nonsurgical non protocol metaanalysis. metaanalysis meta analysis. analysis meta-analysis evidence metanalysis stage dependence choice option however performed

ABSTRACT Introduction: Empathy tends to decline throughout the course of medical training. The relationship between spirituality and empathy has not been widely explored. Objective: To correlate empathy and religiosity/spiritualism by means of a voluntary questionnaire applied to medical students and residents. Methods: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire completed on a voluntary basis by medical students and residents, consisting of: socio-demographic data, an empathy questionnaire and questions about religiosity/spiritualism. Results: From 1,550 invitations, 273 volunteer participants responded (17.6%). Most were Catholic (103 - 37.7%), followed by agnostics (84 - 30.8%), and Protestants and Kardecists (27 - 9.9% each). The Jefferson Empathy Scale had a mean score of 120.4 (from 90 to 140). Religious belief and degree of empathy did not present any correlation. Neither concept presented significant difference over the course of medical training. Conclusion: Empathy and religiosity/spiritualism did not present any correlation among medical students and residents. Introduction training explored Objective religiosityspiritualism religiosity spiritualism residents Methods crosssectional cross sectional sociodemographic socio demographic data Results 1550 1 550 1,55 invitations 27 17.6%. 176 17.6% . 17 6 (17.6%) 103 (10 37.7%, 377 37.7% , 37 7 37.7%) 84 (8 30.8%, 308 30.8% 30 8 30.8%) (2 99 9 9.9 each. each each) 1204 120 4 120. from 140. 140 140) Conclusion 155 55 1,5 2 17.6 (17.6% 10 (1 37.7 3 ( 30.8 9. 12 14 15 5 1, 17. (17.6 37. 30. (17. (17

RESUMO Introdução: A empatia tende a diminuir ao longo da formação médica. A relação entre espiritualidade e empatia não tem sido amplamente explorada. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar empatia e religiosidade/espiritualismo por meio de questionário voluntário, entre estudantes e residentes de Medicina. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal exploratório por meio de um questionário online para preenchimento voluntário entre estudantes de medicina e residentes, composto por: dados sociodemográficos, questionário de empatia e questões sobre religiosidade/espiritualismo. Resultado: De 1.550 convites, 273 participantes voluntários responderam (17,6%). A maioria era católica (103 - 37,7%), seguida de agnósticos (84 - 30,8%), protestantes e kardecistas (27 - 9,9% cada). A Escala de Empatia de Jefferson apresentou pontuação média de 120,4 (de 90 a 140). Não se constatou correlação entre a crença religiosa e o grau de empatia. Ambos os conceitos não indicaram diferença significativa ao longo do período da educação médica. Conclusão: Empatia e religiosidade/espiritualismo não apresentaram correlação entre estudantes e residentes de Medicina. Introdução médica explorada Objetivo religiosidadeespiritualismo religiosidade espiritualismo Medicina Método Tratase Trata sociodemográficos Resultado 1550 1 550 1.55 convites 27 17,6%. 176 17,6% . 17 6 (17,6%) 103 (10 37,7%, 377 37,7% , 37 7 37,7%) 84 (8 30,8%, 308 30,8% 30 8 30,8%) (2 99 9 9,9 cada. cada cada) 1204 120 4 120, 140. 140 140) Conclusão 155 55 1.5 2 17,6 (17,6% 10 (1 37,7 3 ( 30,8 9, 12 14 15 5 1. 17, (17,6 37, 30, (17, (17

Abstract Objectives: Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat obstructive salivary gland diseases. Previous studies in the topic have shown mixed results. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sialendoscopy through previous systematic reviews for different outcomes of several diseases. We also aimed to assess studies’ methodological quality and heterogeneity. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs and Cochrane Library. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses that used sialendoscopy to treat both lithiasic and alithiasic salivary glands diseases. Data extraction included studies' characteristics and results. We assessed studies' methodological quality using the AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2) tool. Results: 13 studies were included in the review, being 9 in adult populations and 4 in pediatric populations. Sialendoscopy proved to be effective at the treatment of different lithiasic and other obstructive diseases, but with important heterogeneity. The technique was also considered highly safe in most studies. However, studies had a critically low quality of evidence. Conclusions: Most studies demonstrated high efficacy and safety of sialendoscopy, but with critically low quality of evidence. We still lack randomized studies in this field, and future systematic reviews on the topic should follow current guidelines to improve conduction and reporting. Objectives diseases results heterogeneity Methods Pubmed Embase Library metaanalyses meta analyses AMSTAR2 AMSTAR 2 AMSTAR- A tool Results 1 review However evidence Conclusions field reporting

Abstract Objective The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on the healthcare access, treatment, and follow-up of oncologic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected consultation and follow-up demand as well as treatment volume at Brazilian Head and Neck Surgery centers. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire was used for collection of data across all Brazilian Head and Neck Surgery Centers across a 3-month period (April‒June 2021). This information included the characteristics of each center, and the perceived self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic activities, residency training, and the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with Head and Neck diseases between 2019 and 2020. Results The response rate across the 40 registered Brazilian Head and Neck Surgery Centers was 47.5% (n = 19). The data showed a significant reduction in the total number of consultations (24.8%) and number of attending patients (20.2%) between 2019 and 2020. The total number of diagnostic exams (31.6%) and surgical procedures (13.0%) conducted over this period also decreased significantly. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant national impact on Brazilian Head and Neck Surgery Centers. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of the pandemic on cancer treatment. Level of evidence Evidence from a single descriptive study. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 access followup follow up centers 3month month 3 April‒June AprilJune April June 2021. 2021 . 2021) center selfreported self reported activities training diagnosis 201 2020 4 475 47 5 47.5 n 19. 19) 24.8% 248 24 8 (24.8% 20.2% 202 20 2 (20.2% 31.6% 316 31 6 (31.6% 13.0% 130 13 0 (13.0% significantly longterm long term COVID1 1 COVID- 47. 24.8 (24.8 20.2 (20.2 31.6 (31.6 13.0 (13.0 24. (24. 20. (20. 31. (31. 13. (13. (24 (20 (31 (13 (2 (3 (1 (

Abstract Introduction The identification of thyroid cancer may be conducted through clinical detection, imaging method, and histopathological examination. Both solitary nodules and multinodular goiter are associated with malignancy. Objective To assess the risk factors for malignancy among patients with multinodular goiter submitted to total thyroidectomy. Methods A series of 712 consecutive patients, submitted to total thyroidectomy between 2005 and 2016 with multinodular goiter regarding clinical, ultrasound, and pathological variables, was retrospectively evaluated. Results There were 408 cases of papillary carcinoma (57.3%), with the remaining being benign. Gender had no statistical significance (p = 0.169) for malignancy, unlike the Bethesda index, higher age group (p = 0.005), shorter clinical history time (p = 0.036), smaller number of nodules (p < 0.0001), and smaller nodule size (p < 0.0001), which were related to malignancy. Conclusion The Bethesda index, older age group, shorter clinical history, smaller number of nodules, and smaller size of nodule were related to the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma. detection method examination 71 200 201 ultrasound variables evaluated 40 57.3%, 573 57.3% , 57 3 (57.3%) benign p 0.169 0169 0 169 index 0.005, 0005 0.005 005 0.005) 0.036, 0036 0.036 036 0.036) 0.0001, 00001 0.0001 0001 0.0001) 7 20 4 57.3 5 (57.3% 0.16 016 16 000 0.00 00 003 0.03 03 0000 0.000 2 57. (57.3 0.1 01 1 0.0 (57. 0. (57 (5 (

■ RESUMO O dermatofibrossarcoma é um câncer raro que apresenta padrão de crescimento lento e invasão tecidual agressiva. O tratamento para esta condição envolve intervenção cirúrgica com o objetivo de obter margens livres. Neste caso particular, temos um homem de 60 anos que apresentava uma massa na região da glabela que foi extirpada duas vezes sob anestesia local em outro serviço. Os resultados de ambas as biópsias indicaram dermatofibroma. No entanto, o paciente apresentou nova recidiva, que durante a análise imuno-histoquímica da excisão inicial revelou tratar-se de dermatofibrossarcoma. Como resultado, uma ampla excisão foi realizada até que margens negativas fossem obtidas ao exame de congelação. Além disso, um retalho frontal foi empregado no procedimento para reconstrução do defeito cirúrgico. O resultado do tratamento foi considerado bem-sucedido, sem complicações. agressiva livres particular 6 serviço dermatofibroma entanto recidiva imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica tratarse tratar se congelação disso cirúrgico bemsucedido, bemsucedido bem sucedido, sucedido bem-sucedido complicações

■ ABSTRACT Dermatofibrosarcoma is a rare cancer with a slow growth pattern and aggressive tissue invasion. The treatment for this condition involves surgical intervention to achieve clear margins. In this particular case, we have a 60-year-old man who had a mass in the glabella area that was excised twice under local anesthesia at a different facility. The results of both biopsies indicated dermatofibroma. However, the patient experienced a new recurrence, and during the immunohistochemistry analysis of the initial excision, it was revealed to be dermatofibrosarcoma. As a result, a broad excision was performed until negative margins were obtained based on frozen sections. Additionally, a frontal flap was employed to reconstruct the surgical defect. The outcome of the treatment was deemed successful, without complications. invasion case 60yearold yearold 60 year old facility dermatofibroma However recurrence dermatofibrosarcoma result sections Additionally defect successful complications 6

ABSTRACT Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma is a rare neoplasm usually confused with other neoplasms in the salivary glands region. It has great similarity with the breast carcinoma. We report a case of a patient who presented with gingival submucosal bleeding and lesion, with the initial histopathological examination revealing salivary gland neoplasm of low crane. Computed tomography revealed the lesion near the tooth 27, with extension to the floor of the left maxillary sinus and to the palate mucosa. Resection of the infra-structure was performed, with a diagnosis of breast cancer secretory carcinoma in the minor salivary gland.

Abstract Introduction Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) shares many characteristics with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and some studies show that, when associated, PTC is diagnosed mostly with smaller lesions and multifocal pattern. Objective To evaluate the relationship between HT and PTC. Methods A retrospective study of 155 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from 2009 to 2015. Demographical, clinical and ultrasonographical data, as well as anatomopathological findings were evaluated. Results There were signs of thyroidits in 35 patients, and 114 patients had a unifocal disease. There was no statistical significance between the variables studied and thyroiditis. However, when compared with the occurrence of unifocal or multifocal lesions, there was statistical significance regarding age (p = 0.038) and mass (p = 0.031). There was no direct relationship between thyroiditis and multifocality (p = 0.325) nor between thyroiditis and cervical extension of the disease (p = 0.300 e p = 0.434). Conclusion There was no relationship between thyroiditis and multifocality in cases of PTC.

RESUMO Introdução: o carcinoma papilífero da tireoide é um tumor com bom prognóstico. Entretanto, alguns pacientes tratados evoluem com recidiva cervical. Objetivo: avaliar os fatores de risco para recidiva cervical. Métodos: um estudo retrospectivo arrolou 89 pacientes (68 mulheres e 21 homens) diagnosticados com carcinoma papilífero, submetidos à tireoidectomia total. Em 21 pacientes, realizou esvaziamento cervical e, em 62, radioiodoterapia. Doze pacientes apresentaram recorrência linfonodal no período, com media de 3,6 anos. Resultados: dos 89 pacientes, 76,4% eram mulheres. A falha ocorreu em nove mulheres (13,23%) e três homens (14,28%). A média etária tanto dos pacientes recidivados como do grupo-controle foi de 44 anos. Dezoito pacientes (23,37%) no grupo-controle e oito (64,28%) dentre os que recidivaram tinham linfonodos positivos ao diagnóstico inicial. O tamanho tumoral foi significativamente maior no grupo de pacientes que apresentaram recidiva cervical (3,3 cm vs. 1,6cm - p=0,008, teste t de Student), o mesmo foi observado para a presença de linfonodos metastáticos quando da primeira cirurgia (p=0,004 - teste exato de Fisher). À análise multivariada, o tamanho tumoral foi fator de risco independente de recidiva (OR=2,4, IC95%:1,3-4,6 - p=0,007, regressão logística. Conclusão: para cada aumento de 1cm no maior diâmetro da lesão, há um aumento de 2,4 vezes no risco de recidiva linfonodal ao longo do acompanhamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: papillary thyroid carcinoma is a tumor with good prognosis. However, some patients treated present neck recurrence. Objective: to evaluate the risk factors for neck recurrence. Methods: a retrospective study enrolled 89 patients (68 women and 21 men) diagnosed with papillary carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy. In 21 patients, neck dissection was performed and 62 patients underwent radioiodinetherapy. Twelve patients relapsed with metastasis in this period with an average of 3.6 years. Results: out of 89 patients, 76.4% were female. Relapse occurred in nine (13.23%) women and three (14.28%) men. The average age of the patients was 44 years in the control group and in patients with relapsed. Eighteen patients (23.37%) in the control group and eight (64.28%) who relapsed had positive lymph nodes at initial diagnosis. The tumor size was significantly larger in the group of patients with cervical recurrence (3.3cm vs. 1.6cm - p=0.008, Student t test), whereas the presence of metastatic lymph nodes at the moment of the first operation was also significant (p=0.004 -Fisher exact test). The tumor size was an independent risk factor for recurrence at the multivariate anaylsis (OR=2.4, IC95%:1.3-4.6 - p=0,007, logistic regression). Conclusion: there is an increase in the risk of lymph node recurrence during the follow up of 2.4 folds for each increase of 1cm in the longer nodule diameter.

Resumo Introdução: A condição pós-laringectomia é caracterizada por várias alterações na função pulmonar. Uma estimativa confiável da função pulmonar pode ser muito útil em pacientes laringectomizados para prevenir complicações após as intervenções cirúrgicas e avaliar os resultados do tratamento. Objetivo: Caracterizar a presença de distúrbios funcionais respiratórios e o padrão funcional de pacientes laringectomizados através do uso de um dispositivo extratraqueal. Método: Estudo transversal que incluiu 50 pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total pelo menos seis meses antes desta investigação, como tratamento de escolha para o câncer de laringe. Resultados: Dos participantes, 56% apresentavam padrão respiratório alterado, assim distribuídos: 14 com padrão obstrutivo sem aprisionamento aéreo, 11 com padrão obstrutivo e aprisionamento aéreo e apenas três com padrão restritivo. Em média, verificou-se que a difusão encontrava-se diminuída (74,3%) e a resistência das vias aéreas aumentada (121,7%) em relação aos resultados esperados em brasileiros. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total apresenta função pulmonar alterada, do tipo obstrutiva, quase sempre associada a história de tabagismo.

Abstract Introduction: The post-laryngectomy state is characterized by several alterations in lung function. A reliable estimation of lung function can be very useful in laryngectomees to prevent postoperative complications and to evaluate the results of the treatment. Objective: Characterize the presence of respiratory functional disorders and the functional pattern of laryngectomees through the use of an extratracheal device. Methods: This transversal study included 50 patients submitted to total laryngectomy at least 6 months prior to this investigation, as the treatment of choice for laryngeal cancer. Results: 56% percent of the participants had altered breathing pattern, distributed as follows: 14 with obstructive pattern with no air trapping, 11 with obstructive pattern with air trapping and only 3 with restrictive pattern. On average, the diffusion decreased (74.3%) and airway resistance increased (121.7%) when compared to the expected average values for the Brazilian individuals. Conclusion: Most patients submitted to total laryngectomy present altered lung function, usually the obstructive type, frequently associated to a history of smoking.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the harmonic scalpel compared to the conventional technique in patients submitted to total thyroidectomy. METHOD: This is a systematic review with inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared both techniques. An electronic search was carried out in the Medline and Lilacs databases until June 2017. The outcomes analysed were operation time, intraoperative bleeding, surgical morbidity, and costs. RESULTS: Data from 31 primary studies were included. The use of the harmonic scalpel correlates to a shorter operation time (p <0.001) and a lower volume of intraoperative bleeding (p <0.001). There were no differences in the risk of transient (p = 0.53) and permanent (p = 0.70) hypocalcaemia, transient (p = 0.61) and permanent (p = 0.50) dysfunctions of the inferior laryngeal nerve and hematoma (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: Total thyroidectomy using a harmonic scalpel is effective and safe compared to the conventional technique.

Resumo Introdução: O linfedema interno é uma das sequelas do tratamento para o câncer de cabeça e pescoço, pode levar a alterações de grau variado na deglutição, voz e respiração. A Escala do Edema da Radioterapia (Radiotherapy Edema Rating Scale), elaborada por Patterson et al., é uma ferramenta de avaliação do edema de faringe e laringe. Objetivo: Traduzir, para o português brasileiro, adaptar culturalmente e testar essa escala em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento para o câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Método: O processo seguiu as diretrizes internacionais e as etapas de tradução por dois cirurgiões de cabeça e pescoço e a retrotradução de forma independente por dois nativos norte-americanos. O teste da versão final para avaliação foi realizado a partir da avaliação de 18 pacientes por dois médicos cirurgiões de cabeça e pescoço e duas fonoaudiólogas por meio da aplicação das escalas em português. Resultados: A tradução e a adaptação cultural foram executadas satisfatoriamente pelos membros do comitê responsável. Conclusão: A tradução e adaptação da Escala do Edema da Radioterapia para o português foi bem-sucedida e de fácil aplicação.

Abstract Introduction: Internal lymphedema is one of the sequelae of head and neck cancer treatment that can lead to varying degrees of swallowing, speech, and respiration alterations. The Radiotherapy Edema Rating Scale, developed by Patterson et al., is a tool used to evaluate pharyngeal and laryngeal edema. Objective: To translate into Brazilian Portuguese, to culturally adapt and test this scale in patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: The process followed the international guidelines and translation steps by two head and neck surgeons and back-translation performed independently by two North-American natives. The final version of the test was evaluated based on the assessment of 18 patients by two head and neck surgeons and two speech therapists using the scales in Brazilian Portuguese. Results: The translation and cultural adaptation were satisfactorily performed by the members of the committee in charge. Conclusion: The translation and adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Radiotherapy Edema Rating Scale was successfully performed and showed to be easy to apply.