RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do consumo concomitante de substâncias e analisar fatores de risco associados em uma amostra não probabilística da população brasileira de mulheres trans e travestis. Métodos Estudo transversal, com recrutamento por meio da metodologia respondent-driven sampling. A amostra incluiu mulheres trans e travestis residentes em São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus e Campo Grande, maiores de 18 anos, entre 2019 e 2021. O desfecho foi o uso concomitante de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas. A associação entre fatores sociodemográficos/comportamentais e o desfecho foi analisada com regressão de Poisson com efeitos mistos, estimando-se razões de prevalência ajustadas (intervalo de confiança de 95% – IC95%). Resultados A prevalência nos últimos 12 meses de uso de múltiplas substâncias foi de 49,3%, sendo 65,5% álcool, 52,9% tabaco e 40,1% maconha. Mulheres trans e travestis que usam múltiplas substâncias enfrentam mais violência (1,71; IC95% 1,14–2,55), desemprego (1,58; IC95% 1,05–2,37) e trabalho instável (1,52; IC95% 1,08–2,14), sexo transacional (1,51; IC95% 1,21–1,88), que pode ser a única opção de sustento, e têm de 18 a 24 anos (1,37; IC95% 1,14–1,65). Conclusão O uso de múltiplas substâncias pode ser uma tentativa de lidar com o sofrimento e a marginalização. O uso de substâncias tem sido associado a múltiplos danos e condições médicas. Uma gestão integral e cuidados abrangentes devem ser providenciados, conforme definido pelos princípios-chave do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Os cuidados de saúde devem ser integrados em intervenções estruturais.

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of concomitant substance consumption and analyze associated risk factors in a non-probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population of transgender women and travestis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recruitment via respondent-driven sampling. The sample included transgender women and travestis residing in São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus, and Campo Grande, aged 18 years or older, between 2019 and 2021. The outcome was the concomitant use of licit and illicit substances. The association between sociodemographic/behavioral factors and the outcome was analyzed through Poisson regression with mixed effects. Adjusted prevalence ratios (confidence interval of 95% — 95%CI) were estimated. Results The prevalence in the last 12 months of multiple substance use was 49.3%, of which 65.5% were alcohol, 52.9% tobacco, and 40.1% marijuana. Transgender women and travestis who use multiple substances face more violence (1.71; 95%CI 1.14–2.55), unemployment (1.58; 95%CI 1.05–2.37) and pervasive unstable work status (1.52; 95%CI 1.08–2.14), transactional sex (1.51; 95%CI 1.21–1.88) which can be their sole option to make a living, and are aged 18 to 24 years (1.37; 95%CI 1.14–1.65). Conclusion The use of multiple substances may be an attempt to cope with distress and marginalization. Substance use has been associated with multiple harms and medical conditions. Comprehensive management and care should be provided, as defined by the key principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Health care should be integrated into structural interventions.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do consumo concomitante de substâncias e analisar fatores de risco associados em uma amostra não probabilística da população brasileira de mulheres trans e travestis. Métodos Estudo transversal, com recrutamento por meio da metodologia respondent-driven sampling. A amostra incluiu mulheres trans e travestis residentes em São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus e Campo Grande, maiores de 18 anos, entre 2019 e 2021. O desfecho foi o uso concomitante de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas. A associação entre fatores sociodemográficos/comportamentais e o desfecho foi analisada com regressão de Poisson com efeitos mistos, estimando-se razões de prevalência ajustadas (intervalo de confiança de 95% – IC95%). Resultados A prevalência nos últimos 12 meses de uso de múltiplas substâncias foi de 49,3%, sendo 65,5% álcool, 52,9% tabaco e 40,1% maconha. Mulheres trans e travestis que usam múltiplas substâncias enfrentam mais violência (1,71; IC95% 1,14–2,55), desemprego (1,58; IC95% 1,05–2,37) e trabalho instável (1,52; IC95% 1,08–2,14), sexo transacional (1,51; IC95% 1,21–1,88), que pode ser a única opção de sustento, e têm de 18 a 24 anos (1,37; IC95% 1,14–1,65). Conclusão O uso de múltiplas substâncias pode ser uma tentativa de lidar com o sofrimento e a marginalização. O uso de substâncias tem sido associado a múltiplos danos e condições médicas. Uma gestão integral e cuidados abrangentes devem ser providenciados, conforme definido pelos princípios-chave do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Os cuidados de saúde devem ser integrados em intervenções estruturais. transversal respondentdriven respondent driven sampling Paulo Alegre Salvador Grande 1 201 2021 ilícitas sociodemográficoscomportamentais sociodemográficos comportamentais mistos estimandose estimando se intervalo 95 IC95%. IC95 IC . IC95%) 493 49 3 49,3% 655 65 5 65,5 álcool 529 52 9 52,9 401 40 40,1 maconha 1,71 171 71 (1,71 1,14–2,55, 114255 1,14–2,55 , 14 2 55 1,14–2,55) 1,58 158 58 (1,58 1,05–2,37 105237 05 37 1,52 152 (1,52 1,08–2,14, 108214 1,08–2,14 08 1,08–2,14) 1,51 151 51 (1,51 1,21–1,88, 121188 1,21–1,88 21 88 1,21–1,88) sustento 1,37 137 (1,37 1,14–1,65. 114165 1,14–1,65 1,14–1,65) marginalização médicas providenciados princípioschave princípios chave Brasil estruturais 20 202 IC9 4 49,3 6 65, 52, 40, 1,7 17 7 (1,7 11425 1,14–2,5 1,5 15 (1,5 1,05–2,3 10523 0 10821 1,08–2,1 12118 1,21–1,8 8 1,3 13 (1,3 11416 1,14–1,6 49, 1, (1, 1142 1,14–2, 1,05–2, 1052 1082 1,08–2, 1211 1,21–1, 1141 1,14–1, (1 114 1,14–2 1,05–2 105 108 1,08–2 121 1,21–1 1,14–1 ( 11 1,14– 1,05– 10 1,08– 1,21– 1,14 1,05 1,08 1,21 1,1 1,0 1,2

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of concomitant substance consumption and analyze associated risk factors in a non-probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population of transgender women and travestis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recruitment via respondent-driven sampling. The sample included transgender women and travestis residing in São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus, and Campo Grande, aged 18 years or older, between 2019 and 2021. The outcome was the concomitant use of licit and illicit substances. The association between sociodemographic/behavioral factors and the outcome was analyzed through Poisson regression with mixed effects. Adjusted prevalence ratios (confidence interval of 95% — 95%CI) were estimated. Results The prevalence in the last 12 months of multiple substance use was 49.3%, of which 65.5% were alcohol, 52.9% tobacco, and 40.1% marijuana. Transgender women and travestis who use multiple substances face more violence (1.71; 95%CI 1.14–2.55), unemployment (1.58; 95%CI 1.05–2.37) and pervasive unstable work status (1.52; 95%CI 1.08–2.14), transactional sex (1.51; 95%CI 1.21–1.88) which can be their sole option to make a living, and are aged 18 to 24 years (1.37; 95%CI 1.14–1.65). Conclusion The use of multiple substances may be an attempt to cope with distress and marginalization. Substance use has been associated with multiple harms and medical conditions. Comprehensive management and care should be provided, as defined by the key principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Health care should be integrated into structural interventions. nonprobabilistic non probabilistic crosssectional cross sectional respondentdriven respondent driven sampling Paulo Alegre Salvador Manaus Grande 1 older 201 2021 sociodemographicbehavioral sociodemographic behavioral effects confidence 95 95CI CI estimated 493 49 3 49.3% 655 65 5 65.5 alcohol 529 52 9 52.9 tobacco 401 40 40.1 marijuana 1.71 171 71 (1.71 1.14–2.55, 114255 1.14–2.55 , 14 2 55 1.14–2.55) 1.58 158 58 (1.58 1.05–2.37 105237 05 37 1.52 152 (1.52 1.08–2.14, 108214 1.08–2.14 08 1.08–2.14) 1.51 151 51 (1.51 1.21–1.88 121188 21 88 living 1.37 137 (1.37 1.14–1.65. 114165 1.14–1.65 . 1.14–1.65) marginalization conditions provided System interventions 20 202 4 49.3 6 65. 52. 40. 1.7 17 7 (1.7 11425 1.14–2.5 1.5 15 (1.5 1.05–2.3 10523 0 10821 1.08–2.1 1.21–1.8 12118 8 1.3 13 (1.3 11416 1.14–1.6 49. 1. (1. 1142 1.14–2. 1.05–2. 1052 1082 1.08–2. 1.21–1. 1211 1141 1.14–1. (1 114 1.14–2 1.05–2 105 108 1.08–2 1.21–1 121 1.14–1 ( 11 1.14– 1.05– 10 1.08– 1.21– 1.14 1.05 1.08 1.21 1.1 1.0 1.2

Objectives: Previous studies have estimated the 30-day prevalence of alcohol use to be approximately 21% among youth in Brazil, despite the legal drinking age of 18 years. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of underage drinking and its associated factors among adolescents in Brazil. Methods: The 3rd National Survey on Drug Use by the Brazilian Population (III Levantamento Nacional sobre o Uso de Drogas pela População Brasileira) is a nationwide, multi-stage, probability-sample household survey. Herein, youth between the ages of 12-17 years were included. Lifetime and 12-month alcohol use prevalence were estimated. Factors associated with 12-month alcohol use were evaluated through multivariate analysis considering survey weights and design. Results: Overall, 628 youth were interviewed. Estimated lifetime and 12-month alcohol use were 34.3% (standard error [SE] = 1.9) and 22.2% (SE = 1.7), respectively. Factors associated with 12-month drinking were: other/no religion vs. Christianity; living in rural vs. urban areas; self-reported diagnosis of depression vs. no self-reported depression; lifetime tobacco use vs. no history of tobacco use; and any illicit drug use vs. no history of illicit drug use. Conclusion: Considering that alcohol use is a major risk factor for early death among Brazilian youth, our findings highlight the importance of preventative measures to reduce underage drinking.