ABSTRACT This study presents a systematic review to assess the main similarities and gaps in efforts to evaluate the impacts of heavy metals on benthic marine seaweeds. A total of 91 studies were compiled, the main parameters (abiotic, biological, ecotoxicological, and heavy metals) and descriptors of which were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our results indicate the importance of diversifying searches by including different languages (i.e. English, Portuguese and Spanish). Most of the studies were field characterizations, with few abiotic parameters and/or seasonality evaluations being employed. In contrast, the assessment of ecotoxicological parameters was highly frequent, which seems incoherent considering the absence of data to support the use of these results in biomonitoring applications. The genera Sargassum, Ulva and Enteromorpha were widely studied worldwide, apart from a small fraction of studies assessing higher levels of biological organization. Moreover, the use of different parameters and descriptors by the evaluated studies precludes making conclusive or reliable comparisons. These findings highlight the importance of greater efforts to construct a concise baseline of knowledge using similar parameters so that global evaluations of the impacts of heavy metals on photosynthetic organisms can be undertaken.

RESUMO O presente artigo teve como objetivo aprofundar discussões do desastre ocorrido em Brumadinho (MG), em janeiro de 2019. A partir da relatoria do seminário ‘Desastre da Vale S.A. em Brumadinho: seis meses de impacto e ações’, seis alunas do Curso de Especialização em Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) e uma pós-doutoranda da Fiocruz de Minas Gerais realizaram transcrições de falas feitas durante o evento na tentativa de reportar essa vivência mediante lugares de fala distintos. Experiências artísticas retratadas ao longo do texto estabelecem um vínculo com a subjetividade dos atingidos e seu entorno. Portanto, o artigo pretendeu seguir esse caminho.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to deepen discussions on the disaster that occurred in Brumadinho (MG), in January 2019. From the report of the seminar ‘Disaster of Vale S.A. in Brumadinho: six months of impact and actions’, six students from the Specialization Course in Public Health at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) and a postdoctoral fellow at Fiocruz in Minas Gerais performed transcriptions of speeches made during the event in an attempt to report this experience through different places of speech. Artistic experiences portrayed throughout the text establish a link with the subjectivity of those affected and their surroundings. Therefore, the article intended to follow that path.

RESUMO O presente artigo teve como objetivo aprofundar discussões do desastre ocorrido em Brumadinho (MG), em janeiro de 2019. A partir da relatoria do seminário ‘Desastre da Vale S.A. em Brumadinho: seis meses de impacto e ações’, seis alunas do Curso de Especialização em Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) e uma pós-doutoranda da Fiocruz de Minas Gerais realizaram transcrições de falas feitas durante o evento na tentativa de reportar essa vivência mediante lugares de fala distintos. Experiências artísticas retratadas ao longo do texto estabelecem um vínculo com a subjetividade dos atingidos e seu entorno. Portanto, o artigo pretendeu seguir esse caminho.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to deepen discussions on the disaster that occurred in Brumadinho (MG), in January 2019. From the report of the seminar ‘Disaster of Vale S.A. in Brumadinho: six months of impact and actions’, six students from the Specialization Course in Public Health at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) and a postdoctoral fellow at Fiocruz in Minas Gerais performed transcriptions of speeches made during the event in an attempt to report this experience through different places of speech. Artistic experiences portrayed throughout the text establish a link with the subjectivity of those affected and their surroundings. Therefore, the article intended to follow that path.

ABSTRACT Presence of toxic compounds in marine coastal waters has increased exponentially since Industrial Revolution. In this way, we aimed to evaluate biochemical and physiological changes occurring within Hypnea musciformis after short-term exposure to gasoline. Hypnea musciformis was cultivated without gasoline and then exposed to various concentrations of it (0.001 % - 1.0 %, v/v) for periods of 30 min, 1 h, 12 h and 24 h. A Pricncipal Compound Analysis of UV-vis spectral window (200-700 nm) was able to discriminate gasoline-exposed samples according to both exposure time and gasoline concentration. Changes in carotenoid profile composition were observed. Decreased carotenoid content was associated to gasoline exposure time, being lutein and trans-β-carotene the major compounds found. Higher gasoline concentrations negatively interfered with phenolic compounds accumulation. In addition, increased gasoline concentrations corresponded to decreased intracellular starch grains content as well as increased its deposition on cell wall external surface. Data obtained allow us to conclude that gasoline can damage Hypnea musciformis physiology and cell morphology. This is important, considering Hypnea musciformis carotenoids and phenolics are potential biomarkers of environmental stress investigated, as well as its increased cell wall thickness to avoid gasoline diffusion.

Resumo O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar e comparar os potenciais impactos do acúmulo e/ou lançamento de metais pesados devido a utilização sobre o solo de diferentes matrizes de entulho urbano biodegradável depois da consolidação aeróbica. Em particular, foram consideradas as seguintes três matrizes de entulhos consolidados: Entulho produzido pela bioconsolidação aeróbica de entulhos sólidos urbanos depois do tratamento mecânico biológico, composto produzido de matriz selecionada de entulho sólido urbano depois da bioconsolidação aeróbica, composto produzido de matriz selecionada de entulho sólido urbano depois da bioconsolidação combinada anaeróbica e aeróbica. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que o conteúdo dos metais pesados em cada uma das três matrizes pode variar consideravelmente registrando as maiores concentrações nas matrizes provenientes da bioconsolidação aeróbica de entulhos sólidos urbanos depois do tratamento mecânico biológico. No que diz respeito ao lançamento avaliado com o teste de percolação (lixiviação) as três matrizes se comportaram de modo simelhante.

Abstarct This work evaluated and compared potential impacts related to the accumulation and/or release of heavy metals resulting from the application of different types of stabilized waste to soil. Namely, the following three types of flows were considered: waste produced by aerobic bio-stabilization of municipal solid waste at a Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant, and compost produced either from aerobic composting or from a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation processes. After a preliminary characterization of the materials (organic matter content, volatile solid, and heavy metals content), heavy metal accumulation in soil caused by possible long-term application of these organic materials was evaluated by implementing a discretized mass balance based on the total content of the heavy metals in each type of solid matrix investigated. In addition, results of percolation leaching tests performed on each type of material were presented and discussed. Results highlight that although the total content of heavy metals of the three types of materials differed considerably, with the MBT waste presenting the highest concentrations, the results of the leaching percolation tests were quite similar.

Resumo Este artigo revisa o papel dos aterros sanitários nas estratégias atuais e futuras de gestão de resíduos com base nos princípios e objetivos estabelecidos na diretiva europeia sobre o lixo 2008/98/EC. O texto baseia-se especificamente nos estudos de nosso grupo de pesquisa sobre novas ferramentas desenvolvidas para avaliar a produção de lixiviados, levando-se em consideração as diferentes características dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Os testes de lixiviação em laboratório e uma metodologia proposta para interpretar os resultados são descritos e discutidos, bem como foram desenvolvidas ferramentas para estimar a produção de lixiviados em aterro. Consideram-se, em particular, os fluxos residuais produzidos por instalações de tratamento mecânico-biológico (MBT, sigla em inglês), principalmente as instalações de incineração e compostagem de resíduos sólidos recuperados (SRF, sigla em inglês) e de resíduos orgânicos estabilizados (SOW, sigla em inglês). Os resultados experimentais mostraram que as utilizações finais ou as opções de eliminação mais adequadas para os materiais das estações de tratamento de resíduos são específicas do local e devem ser definidas com base numa caracterização pormenorizada. A aplicação do modelo desenvolvido para avaliar a produção de lixiviados em aterro mostrou um ótimo acordo entre os resultados do modelo com os dados de campo.

Abstract This paper reviews the role of sanitary landfills in current and future waste management strategies based upon the principles and the goals established by the European Framework Directive on Waste (2008/98/EC). Specific reference is made to studies of our research group regarding new tools developed to evaluate leachate production, taking into account the different characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW). Laboratory leaching tests and a methodology proposed to interpret the results are described and discussed, as well as tools developed to estimate landfill leachate production. Residual flows produced by mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) plants, mainly Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) and Stabilized Organic Waste (SOW), incineration and composting plants are considered in particular. Experimental results showed that the most suitable end-uses or disposal options for the outputs of waste treatment plants are site-specific and should be defined on the basis of a detailed characterization. The application of the model developed to assess landfill leachate production showed a very good agreement with field data.