La frecuencia de la toxoplasmosis adquirida durante el embarazo, en Bogotá no se conoce con precisión. El Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI) de la ciudad atiende una población de alto riesgo obstétrico y estrato socioeconómico bajo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de madres con marcadores serológicos de infección reciente (IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma), que indican riesgo de transmisión congénita, con el fin de estimar la magnitud del problema en las gestantes del IMI. Durante el periodo de Julio a Diciembre de 1998 se recolectaron 637 muestras de suero de todas las pacientes que consultaban el programa de control prenatal del IMI. Todos los sueros de las gestantes se estudiaron por la técnica IFI-IgG anti-Toxoplasma y aquellas con resultados iguales o superiores a 1:1024 fueron estudiadas por la técnica ISAgA para IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma. En total 301 sueros fueron reactivos por IFI-IgG (47%), 92 tuvieron títulos iguales o superiores a 1:1024. De estos últimos, 14 presentaron pruebas IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma positivas, lo que significa que 2,2% cumplen criterios de toxoplasmosis reciente. Estos resultados contrastan con reportes previos realizados en otras poblaciones de gestantes de Bogotá y justifican la realización de programas específicos de control.

The frequency of acquired toxoplasmosis during pregnancy in Bogotá is not known exactly. The Instituto Materno Infantil-IMI is a referral care center for pregnant women of low incomes and obstetrical risk in Bogotá. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of mothers with serological markers of recent infection (anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgA) indicating a risk for congenital transmission and thus estimating its magnitude at IMI. We studied 637 pregnant women attended at the prenatal consultation clinic at the IMI. Serum samples from the mothers were obtained during July to December 1998 and were studied using Immunofluorescence Antibody Technique (IFAT) for specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies. In addition, specific anti-T. gondii IgM and IgA antibodies were investigated in patients with high titers in IFAT-IgG (?1:1024). 301 samples were found to be positive in IFAT-IgG (47%). ISAgA IgM and IgA tests were performed in 92 patients with IFAT-IgG titers ?1:1024. In 14 patients both the IgM and the IgA test were positive, thus 2,2% of patients have recently acquired toxoplasmosis in this group of people. These results are in contrast with previous results in pregnant women from Bogotá and highlight the need for specific control programs to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.

RESUMEN Se realizó una caracterización epidemiológica y cultural de la leishmaniasis cutánea (LC), así como una búsqueda activa de casos de LC en la vereda Filo de Chontarales, Cimitarra, Santander, con el fin de identificar condiciones socioambientales que contribuyen a la aparición y permanencia de la LC en la zona. La información fue recolectada mediante entrevistas a 131 personas y visitas de campo a la zona. Al mismo tiempo se aplicó una encuesta sociocultural y se realizó la prueba de Montenegro a 203 personas y a los individuos con sospecha clínica se les confirmó e diagnóstico y se administró tratamiento. El índice alérgico para LC de la población a estudio fue del 92 % sin diferencias significativas entre grupos etáreos y de género. Se encontraron 64 casos de LC, a quienes se les administró tratamiento con Glucantime® con buenos resultados. Los estudios entomológicos evidenciaron la presencia Lutzomyia longipalpis. La LC es un problema de salud y es considerada como tal por la comunidad. Esta percepción se expresa en la búsqueda de tratamientos cuando aparece la lesión y en el desarrollo y utilización de numerosos tratamientos populares. La población encuestada reconoce a la enfermedad como "picadura de pito" (100 %). Sin embargo, sólo 3,8 % reconoce el pito como tal, mientras que la Lutzomyia es reconocida por el 100 % como "zolamilla" y no se le atribuye ninguna enfermedad. Este hecho puede tener repercusiones determinantes en la prevención de la enfermedad en la zona. En conclusión, esta zona es de alto riesgo para LC y se hace necesario crear un modelo de prevención que tenga en cuenta la concepción, es decir la representación social de población sobre la LC, especialmente el vector.

ABSTRACT An epidemiological and sociocultural characterization regarding cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as well as an active case search were carried out in the village of Filo de Chontarales in the town of Cimitarra, department of Santander, with the aim of identifying social and environmental conditions contributing to the appearance and persistence of CL in this zone. Information was collected by interviewing 131 people and by field visits to the village. At the same time a sociocultural survey was applied, Montenegro skin test (MST) was performed on 203 people, and persons in whom CL was suspected were subjected to diagnostic confirmation and given treatment. The prevalence of a positive MST in the population was 92%, without any significant differences between sex and age groups. 64 cases of CL were detected, and all of them were treated with Glucantime® with good clinical results. Entomological studies showed the presence of Lutzomyia longipal-pis. CL is a health problem, which is recognized and considered as such by the community. This perception is expressed in the search for treatments when lesions appear and in the development and use of a variety of popular treatments. The population surveyed recognizes the disease as "pito bite" (100 %). However, only 3,8 % of the population properly recognizes the "pito", while Lutzomyia is identified by 100 % of the population, with the popular name of "zolamilla" and no disease is attributed to this insect. This fact might have important consequences regarding the prevention of CL in this zone. This is a high risk zone for CL and therefore it is necessary to create a preventive model which takes into account the conception, understood as the population's social representation of CL, particularly regarding its insect vector.

RESUMEN Se estudiaron 198 niños de 5 a 15 años de una comunidad escolar rural en variables parasitológicas, estado nutricional (antropometría y parámetros en sangre) y evaluación de la capacidad de aprendizaje. El estudio se diseño como línea de base e incluyó tratamiento masivo y seguimiento al proceso de reinfección. La prevalencia inicial de helmintos fue: Ascaris lumbricoides 36,4 %, Trichuris trichiura 34,8 %, Uncinaria 18,2 % y Strongyloides stercoralis 4,5 %. El 53,1 % de los niños estaban en riesgo de desnutrición y los valores del hematocrito y de la hemoglobina estaban por debajo de lo normal en el 83 y 55 % respectivamente. Así mismo, se detectó un importante déficit en todas las pruebas de capacidad de aprendizaje. Se encontraron algunas relaciones entre los resultados anteriores y la presencia de parásitos.

ABSTRACT One hundred and ninety eight children of a rural village school were studied for parasitological variables, nutritional status (anthropometric variables and blood parameters) and assessment of their learning capacity. The study was designed as a baseline study and included both massive anthelminthic treatment and follow-up of the reinfection process. The initial prevalence of infection by soil helminths was: Ascaris lumbricoides 36,4 %, Trichuris trichiura 34.8%, hookworm 18,2 % and Strongyloides stercoralis 4,5 %. 53,1 % of children were under risk of malnutrition and the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were below normal in 83 % and 55 % respectively. An important deficit in all the learning capacity tests was observed. Some relationship was found between these results and infection by parasites.

Infecção crônica (10 anos) por Lagochilascaris minor é descrita em mulher da região amazônica colombiana. Este é o terceiro caso de infecção por este parasita que é descrito até agora na Colombia, e o único em pessoa proveniente da região amazônica colombiana.

A chronic infection (10 years) by Lagochilascaris minor is described in a woman from the amazon region of Colombia. This is the third case of infection by this parasite that has been described so far in Colombia, and only the first one in a person coming from the Colombian Amazon region.

An ELISA test for the serological diagnosisof amoebic liver abscess (ALA) was standardized and evaluated in sera from three groups of patients: (1) three patients with diagnosis confirmed by isolation of the parasite,(2) thirty seven patients with diagnosis established by clinical findings and ultrasound studies and (3) seven patients whose diagnosis were established by clinical findings and a positive double immunodifusion test. Ninety one serum samples from healthy subjects and 22 from patients with other liver or parasitic diseases were also included in the study. the optimum concentration of Entamoeba histolytica antigen was 1.25 µg/ml and optimum dilutions of serum and anti-human IgG-alkaline phosphatase conjugate were 1:400 and 1:4000 respectively. The cut-off point of the ELISA test in this study was an absorbance value of 0.34. The test parameters were: sensitivity = 95.7 per cent, specificty = 100 per cent, positive predictive value = 100 per cent and negative predictive value = 98.2 per cent.The ELISA test was found to be of great use as a diagnostic tool for the establishment of amoebic etiology in patients with clinical supposition of ALA. The test could also be used for seroepidemiological surveys of the prevalence of invasive amoebiasis in a given population, since it allows the processing of a greater number of samples at a lower cost tahn other serological tests.

The protective efficacy of several recombinat and a synthetic Plasmodium falciparum protein was assessed in Aoutus monkeys. The rp41 aldolase, the 190L fragment of the MSA-1 protein and fusion 190L-CS. T3 protein containg the CS. T3 helper "universal epitope were emulsified in Freund's adjuvants and injected 3 times in groups of 4-5 monkeys each one. The synthetic polymer Spf (66)30 also emulsified in Freund's adjuvants was injected 6 times. Control groups for both experiments were immunized with saline solution in the same adjuvant following the same schedules. Serology for malaria specific antibodies showed seroconversion in monkeys immunized with the recombinant proteins but not in those immunized with the polymer nor in the controls. Challenge was performed with the 10 (elevado a quinta potência) parasites from the P. falciparum FVO isolate. Neither rp41 nor SPf (66)30 induced protection, whereas 190L induced significant delay of parasitemia. The fusion of the CS. T3 epitope to 190L significantly increased is protective capacity.