A retrospective study was carried out on a sample consisting of 89,491 deliveries occurred from 1979 through 1998, in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. These deliveries included 935 twin and 26 triplet births. The mean incidence per 1,000 deliveries was estimated at 10.45 for twins (5.34 for dizygotic and 5.11 for monozygotic twins) and 0.29 for triplets. The average maternal age increased significantly during this period for both twins and singletons. The temporal variation in years significantly influenced the increase of monozygotic twins and of triplets. Temporal variation and maternal age significantly influenced the dizygotic twinning rate increase. An increased proportion of monozygotic twins born to mothers aged 31 - 35 years was also detected.

As distribuições dos pesos de recém-nascidos de partos gemelares e únicos em três maternidades do sudeste brasileiro foram comparadas, depois do ajustamento desses pesos à idade gestacional, seus termos quadrático e cúbico, sexo e tipo de gestação e às interações dessas variáveis. O padrão da taxa de crescimento fetal dos gêmeos em comparação ao dos recém-nascidos de parto único é retardado, independentemente do nível sócio-econômico da população examinada, mas a idade gestacional em que começa esse atraso parece estar correlacionada ao nível econômico das mães. Em todos os casos, depois de 28 semanas de gestação, o crescimento dos fetos femininos mostrou-se levemente, mas consistentemente, inferior ao dos fetos masculinos.

Distributions of birth weights of twins and singletons born at three southeastern Brazilian hospitals were compared after adjustment for gestational age, its quadratic and cubic terms, sex, type of pregnancy, as well as their interactions. The pattern of twin fetal growth rate was retarded in comparison to that of singletons, regardless of the socioeconomic level of the examined population, but the gestational age at which this retardation started seems to be correlated to the income of the mothers. In all cases, after 28 weeks of gestation, female fetal growth was slightly but consistently lower than that of males.