ABSTRACT. We evaluated meat quality and color of breast during storage in ducks fed diet supplemented with different forms of Houttuynia cordata (HC) with fermented red koji (FRK). In total, 240 one-day-old Pekin ducks (160 males and 80 females) were allocated to four diet treatments (control, 1% HC powder mixed with FRK, pelleted 1% HC with FRK, and coated pellets of 1% HC with FRK). At days 3 and 7 of storage, pH values were slightly influenced (p < 0.05) by different forms of HC with FRK, but was no influence at day 0 of storage day. Diet treatments with different forms of HC and FRK had an effect (p < 0.05) on TBARS values at 0, 3, and 7 days of storage and DPPH radical-scavenging activity at 0 days of storage, except for cooking loss. Overall, in breast meat of ducks, L* values at day 3 of storage and a* values at day 0 of storage were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by treatments with different forms of HC and FRK. In conclusion, using either 1% HC and FRK pellets or pellets coated with HC and FRK at 1% resulted in a decrease in TBARS values and an increase in DPPH radical-scavenging activity during storage.

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of chestnut ( Castanea sativa ) meal (CNM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of pigs. Thirty-two crossbred pigs were randomly allocated equally into four groups and fed one of four diets containing 0, 30, 50, or 100 g kg−1 DM CNM for 49 days. The animals were housed individually into the cage, fed the diet ad libitum , and allowed to access water freely. Feed efficiency decreased quadratically, while carcass yield decreased linearly with increasing CNM supplementation. The highest pH and the lowest drip loss were found in 30 g kg−1 of CNM supplementation, respectively, while no effects on fatty acid profiles were observed in all treatments. The addition of CNM at 30 g kg−1 into the diets could improve feed efficiency and reduce drip loss in meat.

RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da substituição do FM por larva de farinha (Tenebrio molitor) sobre o desempenho de crescimento e respostas imunológicas do camarão branco. Além disso, a toxicidade dessa substituição ao camarão branco foi medida. As larvas foram inseridas para substituir parcialmente ou totalmente a farinha de peixe em dietas do camarão branco. Grupos experimentais de camarão com a média de peso inicial de 2.39 ± 0.49g, foram alimentados com quatro dietas isonitrogênicas elaboradas para incluir 0, 25, 50 e 100% (control, MW25, MW50 e MW100 respectivamente) de larvas substituído por farinha de peixe. Após oito semanas de experiencia, os camarões alimentados pelas dietas MW25, MW50 e MW100 tiveram um maior ganho de peso (10.05 ± 3.06, 11.41 ± 2.08 e 10.36 ± 1.57, respectivamente), e uma taxa de crescimento especifico mais alta (2.56 ± 0.11, 2.79 ± 0.09, e2.61 ± 0.07 respectivamente), comparados a aqueles que tiveram a dieta de controle. A taxa de sobrevivência foi de 98% em todos os tratamentos. Nenhuma toxina foi encontrada após a morte, nas quais foram feitos exames fisiopatológicos. Os níveis de marcadores imunológicos como as ligações de proteína betaglucanos, prophenoloxidase, crustinas associadas à imunidade celular e humoral do camarão, foram encontrados maiores que 25 e 50% dos grupos substituídos pelas larvas. Esses resultados indicaram que a troca da farinha de peixe com 50% de larvas para a dieta dos camarões foi ideal para promover o desempenho de crescimento do camarão sem qualquer efeito adverso.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing FM with mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on the growth performance and immunologic responses of white shrimp. In addition, the toxicity of such replacement to white shrimp was measured. Mealworm was incorporated to partially or totally replace fish meal in diets for white shrimp. Experimental groups of shrimp with an average initial body weight of 2.39 ± 0.49 g were fed each of 4 isonitrogeneous diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50 and 100% (control, MW25, MW50 and MW100 respectively) of mealworm substituted for fish meal. After eight weeks of feeding trials, shrimp fed diets MW25, MW50 and MW100 had higher live weight gain (10.05 ± 3.06, 11.41 ± 2.08, and 10.36 ± 1.57, respectively), higher specific growth rate (2.56 ± 0.11, 2.79 ± 0.09, and 2.61 ± 0.07, respectively), and better feed conversion ratio (2.89 ± 0.08, 2.69 ± 0.09, and 2.72 ± 0.19, respectively) compared to those of shrimp fed control diet. Survival rate was 98% in all treatments. No toxicity was found in post-mortem pathophysiologic examinations. The levels of immune markers such as beta-glucan binding protein, prophenoloxidase and crustin associated with shrimp’s cellular and humoral immunity were found to be higher in 25 and 50% mealworm replacement groups. These results clearly indicated that replacement of fish meal with 50% mealworm for shrimp diet was optimal in promoting the growth performance of shrimp without any adverse effect.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary supplementation with fermented fish meal on growth performance, blood metabolites, and fecal microflora in weaning pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs ((Landrace ×Yorkshire) × Duroc; with average body weight of 6.0 kg) were randomly distributed among three dietary treatments (0, 0.2, and 0.5% fermented fish meal) in three replicate pens (20 heads per pen) in a completely randomized trial over three weeks. Addition of fermented fish meal to weanling pig diets had a linear effect on average feed intake and a quadratic trend on final body weight, average daily gain, and gain:feed ratio throughout the whole period (but not initial body weight). Hematocrit, monocyte, immunoglobulin G, and blood urea nitrogen levels responded linearly and quadratically with increasing levels of dietary fermented fish meal. Moreover, we found a linear correlation between the diets and lymphocyte and insulin levels among the different dietary treatments. In contrast, red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and glucose levels were not affected by diets with different levels of fermented fish. During the experimental period, diets with 0.2% and 0.5% fermented fish meal showed a reduction in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli populations (but not E. coli populations at week 3) that were linear, quadratic, or both, compared with controls. In particular, there was a significant reduction in S. enterica population when pigs were fed 0.5% fermented fish meal over the period of 3 weeks). Dietary supplementation with 0.2% and 0.5% fermented fish meal can be used as a protein source to improve growth performance and the parameters chosen for the blood profile, which reduces harmful microorganisms in the feces of weanling pigs.

RESUMO Avaliamos os efeitos de dietas de frango de corte suplementadas por pó de ginseng vermelho fermentado e koji vermelho sobre a qualidade de coxa de frango de corte durante armazenamento. Os frangos de corte (n = 120) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, controle e tratamento com 1% ginseng vermelho fermentado acrescentado de koji vermelho, com quatro repetições por grupo, cada qual com 15 aves (10 machos e 5 fêmeas). Não houve efeitos significativos (p > 0.05) sobre pH da carne no grupo com suplementação nem no número de dias de armazenamento. TBARS, a medida de oxidação de lipídios, foi afetada significantemente (p < 0.05) pelo número de dias de armazenamento e pela suplementação, com decréscimo de TBARS no grupo tratamento após 7 dias de armazenamento. Não houve impacto significante (p > 0.05) sobre a brancura (L*) da carne após 1 e 7 dias de armazenamento (inclusive grupo T1), ou cor vermelha (a*) na carne no grupo entre 1 e 7 dias de armazenamento, enquanto a cor amarela (b*) da carne nos dois grupos aumentou significantemente (p < 0.05) com o aumento do período de armazenamento. Os resultados sugerem que as dietas suplementadas por ginseng vermelho fermentado e pó de koji vermelho não alteram a cor da carne após armazenamento. Podemos concluir que a suplementação dietária com 1% de ginseng vermelho fermentado e pó de koji vermelho pode reduzir a oxidação de lipídios na carne da coxa de frangos de corte após 7 dias de armazenamento.

ABSTRACT We assessed the effects of supplementing broiler diets with a combination of fermented red ginseng marc powder and red-koji on thigh meat quality of broiler chick during storage. Broilers (n = 120) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control or treatment with 1% fermented red ginseng marc combined with red-koji. There were four replicates per group, each comprising 15 birds (10 male and 5 female). Neither the dietary supplementation group nor the number of storage days had a significant (p > 0.05) effect on meat pH. However, TBARS, a measure of lipid oxidation, was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by both the number of storage days and the dietary supplementation, with reduced TBARS activity noted in the treatment group after 7 days of storage. There was no significant impact (p > 0.05) on the lightness (L*) of meat in group after 1 and 7 day of storage (included T1 group), or redness (a*) of meat in group at 1 through 7 days of storage, whereas the yellowness (b*) of meat in both groups increased significantly (p < 0.05) with an increase in storage duration. Our results suggest that supplementing broiler diets with fermented red ginseng marc combined red-koji powder does not affect meat color, even after storage. We conclude that dietary supplementation with 1% fermented red ginseng powder combined with red-koji can reduce lipid oxidation in broiler thigh meat after 7 days of storage.

Nesse ensaio investigaram-se os efeitos comparativos do pó da casca do ouriço-do-mar e suplementos alimentares sobre a qualidade de carne e o perfil de ácidos graxos de carne de peito de frangos de corte. Cento e oito frangos de corte machos foram distribuídos em 3 grupos (controle, 1% pó da casca do ouriço-do-mar, 1% aditivos alimentares), com 3 repetições, com 12 frangos por gaiola, num esquema aleatório, durante 28 dias. Foram investigados os seguintes parâmetros: composição aproximada (MS, PB, EE e cinzas), propriedades físico-químicas (pH, TBARS, perda no cozimento e o radical livre DPPH), cor da carne e ácidos graxos. Não foi observado nenhum efeito significativo entre o tratamento e o dia de armazenagem para a composição aproximada, propriedades físico-químicas, cor da carne e ácidos graxos. Os resultados mostram que rações com pó da casca do ouriço-do-mar são capazes de aumentar o radical livre DPPH e os ácidos graxos não saturados e revelam uma oportunidade para a substituição parcial da ração com 1% de aditivos alimentares.

This study was a small pen trial in which we investigated comparative effects of dietary sea urchin shell powder and feed additives on meat quality and fatty acid profiles of broiler breast meat. A total of 108 male broilers were assigned to 3 groups (control, 1% sea urchin shell powder, and 1% feed additives) with 3 replicates of 12 chicks per pen in a completely randomized design for 28 days. The following parameters have been investigated: proximate composition (DM, CP, EE, and ash), physicochemical properties (pH, TBARS, cooking loss and DPPH radical scavenging), meat color and fatty acid profiles. No remarkable effects between treatment and storage day were observed for proximate composition, physicochemical properties, meat color and fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, diets with 1% sea urchin shell powder have the ability to increase DPPH radical scavenging and unsaturated fatty acid, indicating an opportunity for partial diet substitution in comparison with 1% feed additives.