Resumo: O pensamento educacional confucionista é um sistema teórico educacional completo, baseado no pensamento ético de Confúcio, cada vez mais enriquecido e aperfeiçoado na herança e desenvolvimento contínuo dos pensadores confucionistas posteriores. O pensamento educacional confucionista é diferente da teoria educacional ocidental. Toma a educação moral como núcleo e a ética como característica, com forte teor da humanística chinesa. Na educação moderna, o pensamento educacional do confucionismo ainda é comentado pelas pessoas. Do ponto de vista da análise filosófica, este artigo faz um estudo do principal propósito, conteúdo e método do pensamento educacional confucionista. Investiga a ideia filosófica por trás do pensamento educacional confucionista e resume seu importante esclarecimento para a educação contemporânea. Resumo completo Confúcio posteriores ocidental característica chinesa moderna pessoas propósito contemporânea

Abstract: Confucian educational thought is a complete educational theoretical system based on Confucius’ ethical thought, which is increasingly enriched and perfected in the later Confucian thinkers’ continuous inheritance and development. Confucian educational thought is different from Western educational theory. It takes moral education as the core, and ethics as the feature, with strong Chinese humanistic color. In modern education, the excellent educational thought of Confucianism is still talked about by people. From the perspective of philosophical analysis, this paper makes an in-depth study of the main purpose, content and method of Confucian educational thought, probes into the philosophical idea behind Confucian educational thought and summarizes its important enlightenment to contemporary education. Abstract Confucius thinkers development theory core feature color people analysis indepth depth purpose

Abstract Objective: Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis (BVFP) is a rare but significant resource of respiratory distress in neonates and infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and functional outcomes of Endoscopic Percutaneous Suture Lateralization (EPSL) for the treatment of BVFP in neonates and infants. Methods: A case series study of nine patients undergoing EPSL for BVFP between January 2019 and June 2021 was conducted. All patients were candidates for tracheostomy prior to EPSL. Demographic features including gender, age at diagnosis and surgery, main symptoms, airway comorbidities, airway support, and etiology were collected preoperatively. Patients were evaluated for breathing, swallowing and phonation postoperatively. Surgical success was defined as the ability to avoid tracheostomy. Functional Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) was conducted to identify aspiration. Voice evaluation was based on clinical observation. Results: Nine patients underwent ten EPSL procedures (one in the left vocal fold, and nine in the right vocal fold). Eight patients (8/9) were able to successfully avoid tracheostomy and feed orally without aspiration after the procedure. One patient experienced clinical improvement in respiratory support requirements and underwent laparoscopic nissen and gastrostomy tube placement. At the last follow-up, two patients regained normal voice, two patients had mild dysphonia, and five patients had moderate dysphonia. Five patients showed partial return of the contralateral vocal fold function. Conclusion: EPSL is an effective and safe treatment for neonatal and infantal BVFP, which enables patients free from tracheostomy without significant impact on swallowing function or phonation. Level of evidence: Level 4. Objective (BVFP infants (EPSL Methods 201 202 gender surgery symptoms comorbidities preoperatively breathing postoperatively FEES (FEES observation Results one fold. . fold) 8/9 89 8 9 (8/9 procedure placement followup, followup follow up, up follow-up voice dysphonia Conclusion evidence 4 20 8/ (8/ 2 (8 (

Resumen Introducción: La importancia del entrenamiento físico en el bádminton se refleja en la calidad de los movimientos técnicos y tácticos en el campo, mejorando en el deportista la fuerza física suficiente como soporte y el nivel de aptitud física necesario para su rendimiento deportivo, reduciendo las lesiones deportivas y sobre todo aumentando sus índices de aciertos. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento funcional sobre la tasa de golpeo en jugadores de bádminton. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos de investigación bibliográfica y experimental, a través de la prueba de nivel técnico de bádminton ITN y el sistema de cribado sobre el movimiento funcional (FMS). Se comparó y analizó el efecto del entrenamiento funcional teniendo en cuenta la calidad del retorno de la línea de base y la calidad del movimiento funcional de 12 jóvenes jugadores de bádminton. Resultados: En comparación con la prueba previa, la puntuación estadística media de profundidad y precisión de alcance de la línea de base aumentó significativamente después de las 8 semanas de entrenamiento funcional (P<0,05); la puntuación de la prueba de profundidad y precisión de la línea de base del grupo de control mejoró ligeramente pero no significativamente (P>0,05). Conclusión: Los jóvenes jugadores de bádminton que añaden el entrenamiento funcional al entrenamiento físico demuestran impactos más relevantes en sus índices de golpeo. Estos ejercicios también demostraron que pueden fortalecer la musculatura y aumentar la flexibilidad de las articulaciones del hombro, la cadera y la rodilla. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción campo deportivo aciertos Objetivo Métodos experimental FMS. FMS . (FMS) 1 Resultados previa P<0,05 P005 P 0 05 (P<0,05) P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) Conclusión hombro rodilla II tratamiento (FMS P<0,0 P00 (P<0,05 P>0,0 (P>0,05 P<0, P0 (P<0,0 P>0, (P>0,0 P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of physical training in badminton is reflected in the quality of technical and tactical movements in the field, improving the athlete the physical strength enough as support and the level of physical fitness necessary for their sports performance, reducing sports injuries and, mainly, increasing their hitting rates. Objective: Study the effect of functional training on the hit rate in badminton players. Methods: Bibliographic and experimental research methods were used through the ITN badminton technical level test and the functional movement screening system (FMS). The effect of functional training was compared and analyzed considering baseline return quality and functional movement quality of 12 young badminton players. Results: Compared to the pre-test, the mean baseline reaching depth and accuracy statistical score increased significantly after the 8 weeks of functional training (P<0.05); the control group baseline depth and accuracy test score improved slightly but not significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion: Young badminton players who add functional training to physical training demonstrate more relevant impacts on their hitting rates. These exercises have also demonstrated that they can strengthen muscles and increase shoulder, hip, and knee flexibility. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes. Introduction field performance mainly rates Objective Methods FMS. FMS . (FMS) 1 Results pretest, pretest pre test, pre-test P<0.05 P005 P 0 05 (P<0.05) P>0.05. P>0.05 (P>0.05) Conclusion shoulder hip flexibility II outcomes (FMS P<0.0 P00 (P<0.05 P>0.0 (P>0.05 P<0. P0 (P<0.0 P>0. (P>0.0 P<0 (P<0. P>0 (P>0. P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

RESUMO Introdução: A importância do treinamento físico no badminton é refletida na qualidade dos movimentos técnicos e táticas em campo, aprimorando no atleta a força física suficiente como suporte e o nível de aptidão física necessário ao seu desempenho esportivo, diminuindo as lesões esportivas e, principalmente, aumentando as suas taxas de acertos. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento funcional sobre a taxa de acertos nos jogadores de badminton. Métodos: Os métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e experimentais foram utilizados, através do teste de nível técnico do ITN badminton e do sistema de triagem sobre o movimento funcional (FMS). O efeito do treinamento funcional foi comparado e analisado considerando a qualidade do retorno de linha de base e a qualidade do movimento funcional de 12 jogadores jovens de badminton. Resultados: Em comparação com o pré-teste, a pontuação média da linha de base que atingiu profundidade e precisão estatística aumentou significativamente após as 8 semanas de treinamento funcional (P<0,05); a pontuação do grupo controle no teste de profundidade e precisão da linha de base melhorou ligeiramente, mas não significativamente (P>0,05). Conclusão: Jovens jogadores de badminton que adicionam o treinamento funcional ao treinamento físico demonstram impactos mais relevantes em suas taxas de acerto. Esses exercícios demonstraram também que podem fortalecer a musculatura e a aumentar a flexibilidade nas articulações do ombro, quadril e joelho. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução campo esportivo principalmente Objetivo Métodos utilizados FMS. FMS . (FMS) 1 Resultados préteste, préteste pré teste, pré-teste P<0,05 P005 P 0 05 (P<0,05) ligeiramente P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) Conclusão acerto ombro joelho II tratamento (FMS P<0,0 P00 (P<0,05 P>0,0 (P>0,05 P<0, P0 (P<0,0 P>0, (P>0,0 P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Abstract Background: The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress. Methods: The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family. Results: There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. According to the structural characteristics of genes and traits of phylogenetic tree, we divided the NDA gene family into 8 clades. Gene structure analysis showed that the NDA gene family was relatively conservative. The four Gossypium species had good collinearity, and segmental duplication played an important role in the evolution of the NDA gene family. Analysis of cis-elements showed that most GhNDA genes contained cis-elements related to light response and plant hormones (ABA, MeJA and GA). The analysis of the expression patterns of GhNDA genes under different alkaline stress showed that GhNDA genes were actively involved in the response to alkaline stress, possibly through different molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the existing RNA-Seq data after alkaline stress, it was found that an NDA family gene GhNDA32 was expressed, and then theGhNDA32 was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). By observing the phenotype, we found that the wilting degree of silenced plants was much higher than that of the control plant after alkaline treatment, suggesting that GhNDA32 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress. Conclusions: In this study, GhNDAs participated in response to alkaline stress, especially NaHCO3 stress. It was of great significance for the future research on the molecular mechanism of NDA gene family in responding to abiotic stresses.

Abstract Background: Melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) is the first enzyme in the catabolism pathway of melatonin, which catalyzes the production of 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) from melatonin. The content of 2-hydroxymelatonin in plants is much higher than that of melatonin. So M2H may be a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of melatonin. Method: We conducted a systematic analysis of the M2H gene family in Gossypium hirsutum based on the whole genome sequence by integrating the structural characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, expression profile, and biological stress of the members of the Gossypium hirsutum M2H gene family. Result: We identified 265 M2H genes in the whole genome of Gossypium hirsutum, which were divided into 7 clades (clades I-VII) according to phylogenetic analysis. Most M2H members in each group had similar motif composition and gene structure characteristics. More than half of GhM2H members contain ABA-responsive elements and MeJA-responsive elements. Under different stress conditions, the expression levels of the gene changed, indicating that GhM2H members were involved in the regulation of abiotic stress. Some genes in the GhM2H family were involved in regulating melatonin levels in cotton under salt stress, and some genes were regulated by exogenous melatonin. Conclusion: This study is helpful to explore the function of GhM2H, the downstream metabolism gene of melatonin in cotton, and lay the foundation for better exploring the molecular mechanism of melatonin improving cotton’s response to abiotic stress.

OBJECTIVES: We conducted this retrospective study to elucidate the clinical presentation and outcomes of anal abscess in chronic dialysis patients. METHODS: We performed a chart review of patients who were hospitalized for anal abscess from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2015. A total of 3,074 episodes of anal abscess were identified. Of these, 43 chronic dialysis patients with first-time anal abscess were enrolled. Patients were divided into a surgical group and a nonsurgical group according to the treatment received during hospitalization. The baseline characteristics, clinical findings, treatments and outcomes were obtained and analyzed. The endpoints of this study were in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality and one-year recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 27 (62.7%) received surgical treatment, and 16 (37.2%) received antibiotic treatment alone. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, smoking habits, comorbidities, or dialysis characteristics between the two groups. Perianal abscess was the most common type of anal abscess, and 39.5% of patients experienced fistula formation. Most patients had mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora. Our data demonstrate that there was no significant difference in hospital stay, one-year survival or recurrence rate between the surgical group and nonsurgical group. However, there was a trend toward better in-hospital survival in patients who received surgical treatment (p=0.082). CONCLUSION: In chronic dialysis patients with anal abscess, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical presentation and outcomes between the surgical and nonsurgical groups, although the surgical group had a trend of better in-hospital survival.

Existe uma série de métodos para aproximar a superfície do geoide local bem como vários estudos conduzidos para determinar um geoide local. Neste estudo, apresentou-se e analisou-se o desempenho do geoide pelo método de otimização por exame de partículas (PSO, do inglês Particle Swarm Optimization) na modelagem do geoide local. As altitudes elipsoidais (h), derivada de observações GPS, e altitudes ortométricas de referências de nível de primeira ordem foram usados para criar um modelo do geoide geométrica local, na sequencia usou-se o método PSO para converter altitudes elipsoidais em altitudes ortométricas (H). Os valores estimados foram comparados com valores provenientes de nivelamento geométrico e levantamento GPS. O método PSO foi capaz de melhorar a adaptação do geoide local pelo método de ajustamento de superfície quadrática e apresentou diferenças da ordem de ±1,02 cm em relação a altitudes ortométricas observadas

There exist a number of methods for approximating the local geoid surface and studies carried out to determine a local geoid. In this study, performance of geoid by PSO method in modeling local geoid was presented and analyzed. The ellipsoidal heights (h), derived from GPS observations, and known orthometric heights from first-order benchmarks were first used to create local geometric geoid model, then the PSO method was used to convert ellipsoidal heights into orthometric heights (H). The resulting values were used to compare between the spirit leveling and GPS methods. The adopted PSO method can improve the fitting of local geometric geoid by quadratic surface fitting method, which agrees with the known orthometric heights within ±1.02cm

A Solution Based Indium-Zinc-Oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) with a field-effect mobility of 0.58 cm²/Vs, a threshold voltage of 2.84 V by using pulse laser annealing processes. Indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) films with a low process temperature were deposited by sol-gel solution based method and KrF excimer laser annealing (wavelength of 248 nm). Solution based indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) films usually needs high temperature about 500°C post annealing in a oven. KrF excimer laser annealing shows advantages of low temperature process, the less process time deceases to only few seconds was used to replace the high temperature process. IZO thin films suffering laser irradiation still keeps the amorphous film quality by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction pattern analysis. It could be expected this technology to large-area flexible display, in the future.

A series of Co3O4-CeO2 supports with different Co/Ce ratio have been synthesized by using polyethyleneglycol (PEG) as a surfactant. The catalytic performance tests indicated the activity of the catalysts is better than the corresponding support. In addition, CuO/(0.7)Co3O4-CeO2 displayed the best activity with 100% CO conversion and 93% O2 selectivity at 120 °C. Furthermore, the stability test of CuO/(0.7)Co3O4-CeO2 expressed the activity can be retained at 80% for 80h at 100 °C. Catalysts and supports were characterized by BET, XRD, TPR and TPD techniques. Discussion of the results showed that the strongest lattice distortion and the best reducibility of Co3O4-CeO2 supports were both negative factors for the catalytic activity. More precisely, an appropriate Co/Ce ratio can restrain the stronger interaction between cobalt oxide and ceria to promote the formation of reducible copper species.

OBJETIVO: validar de forma prospectiva um nomograma de bilirrubina transcutânea (BTc) para identificar hiperbilirrubinemia grave em neonatos a termo e pré-termo tardios saudáveis na China.MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico que incluiu 9174 neonatos a termo e pré-termo tardios saudáveis em oito unidades da China. Foram realizadas dosagens de BTc utilizando um bilirrubinômetro. Os valores de BTc foram traçados em um nomograma de BTc para identificara capacidade de predição de hiperbilirrubinemia significativa.RESULTADOS: 972 recém-nascidos (10,6%) desenvolveram hiperbilirrubinemia significativa. O percentil 40 de nosso nomograma pode identificar todos os recém-nascidos com risco de hiper-bilirrubinemia significativa, porém com baixo valor preditivo positivo (VPP) (18,9%). De 453 recém-nascidos acima do percentil 95, 275 recém-nascidos desenvolveram posteriormente hiperbilirrubinemia significativa, com VPP elevado (60,7%), porém com baixa sensibilidade (28,3%). O percentil de 75 foi altamente específico (81,9%) e moderadamente sensível (79,8%). A área sob a curva (ASC) de nosso nomograma de BTc foi de 0,875.CONCLUSÕES: este estudo validou o nomograma de BTc, que pode ser utilizado para prever hiperbilirrubinemia significativa em neonatos a termo e pré-termo tardios saudáveis na China. Contudo, combinar o nomograma de BTc e fatores de risco clínicos pode melhorar a precisãode predição da hiperbilirrubinemia grave, o que não foi avaliado neste estudo. São necessários estudos adicionais para confirmar essa combinação.

OBJECTIVE:to prospectively validate a previously constructed transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) nomogram for identifying severe hyperbilirubinemia in healthy Chinese term and late-preterm infants.METHODS:this was a multicenter study that included 9,174 healthy term and late-preterm infants in eight hospitals of China. TcB measurements were performed using a JM-103 bilirubinometer. TcB values were plotted on a previously developed TcB nomogram, to identify the predictive ability for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia.RESULTS:in the present study, 972 neonates (10.6%) developed significant hyperbilirubinemia. The 40th percentile of the nomogram could identify all neonates who were at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia, but with a low positive predictive value (PPV) (18.9%). Of the 453 neonates above the 95th percentile, 275 subsequently developed significant hyperbilirubinemia, with a high PPV (60.7%), but with low sensitivity (28.3%). The 75th percentile was highly specific (81.9%) and moderately sensitive (79.8%). The area under the curve (AUC) for the TcB nomogram was 0.875.CONCLUSIONS:this study validated the previously developed TcB nomogram, which could be used to predict subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy Chinese term and late-preterm infants. However, combining TcB nomogram and clinical risk factors could improve the predictive accuracy for severe hyperbilirubinemia, which was not assessed in the study. Further studies are necessary to confirm this combination.

Este estudo empregou pontos de controle de GPS em regiões-teste com altitudes ortométricas de primeira ordem previamente conhecidas, para a obtenção de pontos de coordenadas planas e altitudes elipsoidais, com a utilização do método cinemático em tempo real (RTK). Este estudo aplicou o ajuste de superfície de primeira ordem, ajuste de superfície de segunda ordem, método da retropropagação para redes neurais e "support vector machine" por mínimos quadrados (LS-SVM). Integridade e localização de dados foram examinados, e a certa quantidade e distribuição de pontos de referência modificados para obtenção da solução ideal. O estudo contou também com o LS-SVM e com o modelo de altitude geoidal local que foi estabelecido usando 3 funções de Kernel para análises e pesquisas. Os resultados indicam que a precisão total dos valores calculados das ondulações geóidais geométricas locais usando a rede neural artificial e o polinômio de terceira-ordem da função de Kernel foram ideais com o valor quadrático médio de aproximadamente ± 1.5 cm. O resultado mostrou que o SVM oferece o método rápido e prático para obtenção de altitudes ortométricas e provê a pesquisa acadêmica de referência para modelos geoidais locais.

In this study, test-region global positioning system (GPS) control points exhibiting known first-order orthometric heights were employed to obtain the points of plane coordinates and ellipsoidal heights by using the real-time GPS kinematic measurement method. Plane-fitting, second-order curve-surface fitting, back-propagation (BP) neural networks, and least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) calculation methods were employed. The study includes a discussion on data integrity and localization, changing reference-point quantities and distributions to obtain an optimal solution. Furthermore, the LS-SVM was combined with local geoidal-undulation models that were established by researching and analyzing3 kernel functions. The results indicated that the overall precision of the local geometric geoidal-undulation values calculated using the radial basis function (RBF) and third-order polynomial kernel function was optimal and the root mean square error (RMSE) was approximately ± 1.5 cm. These findings demonstrated that the LS-SVM provides a rapid and practical method for determining orthometric heights and should serve as a valuable academic reference regarding local geoid models.

OBJETIVO: validar de forma prospectiva um nomograma de bilirrubina transcutânea (BTc) para identificar hiperbilirrubinemia grave em neonatos a termo e pré-termo tardios saudáveis na China.MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico que incluiu 9174 neonatos a termo e pré-termo tardios saudáveis em oito unidades da China. Foram realizadas dosagens de BTc utilizando um bilirrubinômetro. Os valores de BTc foram traçados em um nomograma de BTc para identificara capacidade de predição de hiperbilirrubinemia significativa.RESULTADOS: 972 recém-nascidos (10,6%) desenvolveram hiperbilirrubinemia significativa. O percentil 40 de nosso nomograma pode identificar todos os recém-nascidos com risco de hiper-bilirrubinemia significativa, porém com baixo valor preditivo positivo (VPP) (18,9%). De 453 recém-nascidos acima do percentil 95, 275 recém-nascidos desenvolveram posteriormente hiperbilirrubinemia significativa, com VPP elevado (60,7%), porém com baixa sensibilidade (28,3%). O percentil de 75 foi altamente específico (81,9%) e moderadamente sensível (79,8%). A área sob a curva (ASC) de nosso nomograma de BTc foi de 0,875.CONCLUSÕES: este estudo validou o nomograma de BTc, que pode ser utilizado para prever hiperbilirrubinemia significativa em neonatos a termo e pré-termo tardios saudáveis na China. Contudo, combinar o nomograma de BTc e fatores de risco clínicos pode melhorar a precisãode predição da hiperbilirrubinemia grave, o que não foi avaliado neste estudo. São necessários estudos adicionais para confirmar essa combinação.

OBJECTIVE:to prospectively validate a previously constructed transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) nomogram for identifying severe hyperbilirubinemia in healthy Chinese term and late-preterm infants.METHODS:this was a multicenter study that included 9,174 healthy term and late-preterm infants in eight hospitals of China. TcB measurements were performed using a JM-103 bilirubinometer. TcB values were plotted on a previously developed TcB nomogram, to identify the predictive ability for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia.RESULTS:in the present study, 972 neonates (10.6%) developed significant hyperbilirubinemia. The 40th percentile of the nomogram could identify all neonates who were at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia, but with a low positive predictive value (PPV) (18.9%). Of the 453 neonates above the 95th percentile, 275 subsequently developed significant hyperbilirubinemia, with a high PPV (60.7%), but with low sensitivity (28.3%). The 75th percentile was highly specific (81.9%) and moderately sensitive (79.8%). The area under the curve (AUC) for the TcB nomogram was 0.875.CONCLUSIONS:this study validated the previously developed TcB nomogram, which could be used to predict subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy Chinese term and late-preterm infants. However, combining TcB nomogram and clinical risk factors could improve the predictive accuracy for severe hyperbilirubinemia, which was not assessed in the study. Further studies are necessary to confirm this combination.

OBJECTIVES: This pilot study was designed to utilize stroke volume variation and cardiac index to ensure fluid optimization during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomies. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomized into either a goal-directed therapy group or a control group. In the goal-directed therapy group, the stroke volume variation was controlled at 10%±1%, and the cardiac index was controlled at a minimum of 2.5 L.min-1.m-2. In the control group, the MAP was maintained at between 65 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg, heart rate was maintained at between 60 BPM and 100 BPM, and urinary output was greater than 0.5 mL/kg-1/h-1. The hemodynamic variables, arterial blood gas analyses, total administered fluid volume and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: The PaO2/FiO2-ratio before the end of one-lung ventilation in the goal-directed therapy group was significantly higher than that of the control group, but there were no differences between the goal-directed therapy group and the control group for the PaO2/FiO2-ratio or other arterial blood gas analysis indices prior to anesthesia. The extubation time was significantly earlier in the goal-directed therapy group, but there was no difference in the length of hospital stay. Patients in the control group had greater urine volumes, and they were given greater colloid and overall fluid volumes. Nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in the goal-directed therapy group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that an optimization protocol, based on stroke volume variation and cardiac index obtained with a FloTrac/Vigileo device, increased the PaO2/FiO2-ratio and reduced the overall fluid volume, intubation time and postoperative complications (nausea and vomiting) in thoracic surgery patients requiring one-lung ventilation.

We obtain the very fast sequences convergent to Euler-Mascheroni constant.

Let ψ denote the psi (or digamma) function. We determine the values of theparameters p, q and r such that ψ(n) ≈ ln(n + p) - <img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../img/revistas/cam/v31n1/a05img01.jpg" align=absmiddle> is the best approximations. Also, we present closer bounds for psi function, which sharpens some known results due to Muqattash and Yahdi, Qi and Guo, and Mortici. Mathematical subject classification: 33B15, 26D15.