Abstract Objective: This study aimed to estimate the performance of single-phase-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography examinations in the preoperative evaluation of solid abdominal tumors and their relationship with relevant adjacent structures in children. Methods: This retrospective study included 50 pediatric patients with malignant solid abdominal tumors treated with surgical resection between 2009-2017. Preoperative computed tomography and ultrasonography were compared to operative findings (gold standard) in the diagnosis of invasion or encasement of adjacent structures. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were evaluated. Results: Renal (20.4%) and neuroblastic (19.4%) tumors were the most common. Complete surgical resection with negative margins was achieved in 44 (88%) patients. The comparison between single-phase-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography findings showed the following results: sensitivity = 90.3% vs 86.6%, specificity = 86.8% vs 94.6%, negative predictive value = 95.3% vs 94.4%, positive predictive value = 75.3% vs 86.9%, and accuracy = 87.9% vs 92.2%. The correlation (kappa index) between computed tomography and ultrasonography examinations was 0.72 (p < 0.001). In 14% (7/50) of the patients, the invasion of adjacent structures was diagnosed by ultrasonography but not by computed tomography (1 patient had 2 invaded structures). Objective singlephaseenhanced single phase enhanced children Methods 5 20092017. 20092017 2009 2017. 2017 2009-2017 gold standard Accuracy evaluated Results 20.4% 204 20 4 (20.4% 19.4% 194 19 (19.4% common 88% 88 (88% results 903 90 3 90.3 866 86 6 86.6% 868 8 86.8 946 94 94.6% 953 95 95.3 944 94.4% 753 75 75.3 869 9 86.9% 879 87 87.9 922 92 92.2% kappa index 072 0 72 0.7 p 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) 14 7/50 750 7 (7/50 1 ( structures) 2009201 200 201 2009-201 20.4 (20.4 19.4 (19.4 (88 90. 86.6 86. 94.6 95. 94.4 75. 86.9 87. 92.2 07 0. 000 0.00 00 7/5 (7/5 200920 2009-20 20. (20. 19. (19. (8 94. 92. 0.0 7/ (7/ 20092 2009-2 (20 (19 (7 2009- (2

As there was not any data on Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) infections in Brazil so far, a prospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized due to CAP was carried out for one year in a Brazilian university general hospital to detect the incidence of CAP by Chlamydophila pneumoniae (TWAR) for one year. During a whole year 645 consecutive patients hospitalized due to an initial presumptive diagnosis of respiratory diseases by ICD-10 (J00-J99), excluding upper respiratory diseases, were screened; 59 consecutive patients with CAP were diagnosed. They had determinations of serum antibodies to C. pneumoniae by microimmunofluorescence at the Infectious Diseases Laboratory of University of Louisville (KY, USA); 37 patients (63.8%) had seroreactivity to TWAR antigens, from which 23 (39.6%) had previous infection; 3 patients (5.2%) were diagnosed with CAP by TWAR and got cured. The incidence of TWAR CAP in our hospital by seroconversion was 5.2%. Our incidence of 5.2% is probably underestimated since TWAR culture was not available; we suggest that Real-Time PCR be used along with other diagnostic methods in future studies to detect the actual incidence of TWAR CAP. We propose that the serological criterion of IgM >1:16 alone to the diagnosis of acute infection by TWAR are discontinued due a lack of specificity.