Abstract The aim was to investigate the differences between maize hybrids for their agronomic yield and their agro-energy potential. The study was conducted in Palotina and Assis Chateaubriand, Paraná, Brazil. The treatments were composed of 10 maize hybrids (DKB290 [non-GMO], DKB315, DKB340, DKB290, Formula, Defender, Status, 2B810, 30F53, BG7330), which were evaluated for grain moisture and yield, starch content, total soluble solids content, ethanol content in the juice and ethanol yield. The important factors for the result are related to grain yield and the quality of the harvested grains, and agronomic performance of these hybrids may differ according to each crop year. Hybrid 30F53 stood out positively for all variables. Hybrid DKB315 showed the highest ethanol yield and high grain yield, and insignificant grain quality was not enough to result in a decline in ethanol yield. agroenergy agro energy potential Chateaubriand Paraná Brazil 1 DKB290 DKB (DKB29 nonGMO, nonGMO non GMO , [non-GMO] DKB340 Formula Defender Status 2B810 B F BG7330, BG7330 BG BG7330) grains year 30F5 variables DKB31 DKB29 (DKB2 [non-GMO DKB34 2B81 BG733 30F DKB3 DKB2 (DKB 2B8 BG73 2B BG7

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de espécies de cobertura de inverno no desempenho agronômico de soja cultivada em sucessão, sob plantio direto. O trabalho foi realizado durante três safras (2011/2012, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014), com os seguintes cultivos de cobertura: aveia-branca (Avena sativa), aveia-preta (Avena strigosa), azevém (Lolium multiflorum), ervilhaca (Vicia sativa), nabo-forrageiro (Raphanus sativus), consórcio de aveia-preta + nabo-forrageiro e trigo (Triticum aestivum) como manejo-padrão. O nabo-forrageiro e o consórcio aveia-preta + nabo-forrageiro proporcionaram maiores percentagens de cobertura do solo após 30 dias do plantio, bem como produção de matéria seca nas três safras. Após 45 e 90 dias da dessecação, no entanto, a aveia-branca e o azevém apresentaram a maior taxa de cobertura do solo. A aveia-preta e o consórcio aveia-preta + nabo-forrageiro proporcionaram maior produtividade de soja que o manejo-padrão com trigo, nas safras de 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. As espécies de cobertura do solo afetam significativamente a produção de soja cultivada em sucessão, com destaque para a aveia-preta e o consórcio aveia-preta + nabo-forrageiro.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop species on the agronomic performance of soybean (Glycine max) cropped in succession, under a no-tillage system. The study was conducted during three crop seasons (2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014), with the following cover crops: white oat (Avena sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), vetch (Vicia sativa), forage radish (Raphanus sativus), the intercrop black oat + forage radish, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as the standard management. Forage radish and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided greater soil cover rates after 30 days of planting, as well as dry matter production in the three crop seasons. After 45 and 90 days from desiccation, however, white oat and ryegrass showed the highest soil cover rate. Black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided higher soybean yield than the standard management with wheat, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. Winter cover crops can significantly affect soybean yield in succession, and black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish stand out for this purpose.

Resumo: Algumas técnicas de manejo da cultura do trigo, como a dessecação pré-colheita podem afetar a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes herbicidas dessecantes aplicados na cultura do trigo e seus efeitos sobre a produtividade e a qualidade das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar COODETEC 150 (CD 150), em dois ambientes de produção localizados no Município de Palotina - PR, sob o delineamento experimental de blocos casualisados, constituído de 7 tratamentos (herbicidas na dessecação) com 4 repetições. A dessecação foi realizada quando 50% das plantas apresentavam-se no estádio 80 com as sementes de consistência farinácea ou de massa. As variáveis analisadas foram umidade após a colheita, produtividade de sementes, peso hectolitro, massa de 100 sementes, germinação e vigor. Os herbicidas carfentrazone-ethyl e clethodim reduziram o vigor das sementes produzidas, e o herbicida paraquat reduziu o comprimento de plântulas. Ocorreu redução na massa de 100 sementes para o amônio - glufosinate, clethodim, diquat e carfentrazone-ethyl. O amônio - glufosinate, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim e diquat reduziram a produtividade. A dessecação de plantas da cultivar CD 150 no estádio 80 não é recomendada, em decorrências dos efeitos negativos dos herbicidas nos parâmetros produtivos e fisiológicos das sementes de trigo.

Abstract: Some desiccation techniques for harvesting wheat may affect seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccant herbicides applied to the wheat crop and their effects on the production and seed quality. The experiment was conducted with cultivar COODETEC 150 (CD 150) in two sites in Palotina (Paraná state, Brazil) with a randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments (desiccation herbicides) and 4 replications. Desiccation was realized when 50% of the plants were in stage 80 with seeds in powdery or mass consistency. The variables analyzed were percentage of moisture content after harvest, Yield, hectoliter weight, mass of 100 seeds, vigor, germination, fresh mass of seedlings, dry mass of seedlings and root length. The herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim were the ones that promoted greatest reduction in vigor. The herbicide paraquat caused reduction in seedling length. There was a reduction in the mass of 100 seeds for glufosinate-ammonium, clethodim, diquat and carfentrazone-ethyl. Glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim and diquat caused reduction in yield. Desiccation of Cultivar CD 150 at stage 80 is not recommended, since plant Yield and physiological seed parameters were adversely affected by herbicides.