Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, con el aumento de la obesidad en el mundo y del número de obesos mórbidos se evidencia un problema de salud pública de difícil resolución. Objetivo: analizar las respuestas fisiológicas tras las pruebas de caminata de 6 minutos y de esfuerzo máximo en cicloergómetro de brazos en obesas mórbidas precirugía bariátrica. Métodos: se evaluaron 15 mujeres con obesidad grado III con edad media de 35,6 ± 6,6 años, las cuales participaron inicialmente de una anamnesis con el análisis de la composición corporal y posteriormente participaron en días alternos de la prueba de 6 minutos de caminata y del mismo, prueba de esfuerzo máximo en cicloergómetro de brazos. Resultados: las pacientes lograron realizar la prueba de esfuerzo máximo y demostraron mejores potenciales aeróbicos en el cicloergómetro de brazos que en la prueba de caminata. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la SPO2 y la presión arterial diastólica entre los momentos de reposo y después de las pruebas y también en la presión arterial sistólica posterior a la prueba de caminata y los valores de reposo y después de 5 minutos en la prueba de esfuerzo máximo. Las principales diferencias se observaron entre la presión arterial sistólica máxima en la prueba en cicloergómetro y los otros momentos y en la frecuencia cardiaca después de las pruebas y las frecuencias cardiacas en reposo. Conclusión: la prueba de esfuerzo máximo en cicloergómetro de brazos es un método seguro que posibilita mayor exigencia y control aplicado al sistema cardíaco que en la prueba de caminata. Adicionalmente, permite un programa de entrenamiento y una prescripción del ejercicio físico aeróbico más individualizados.

Abstract Introduction: nowadays, with the increase of world obesity and the numbers of morbidly obese people, a concerning public health problem that is difficult to solve rises up. Objective: to analyse the physiological responses after the 6-minute walk tests and maximum stress test in the arm cycle ergometer in morbidly obese pre-bariatric surgery women. Methods: fifteen level III obesity women aged 35.6 ± 6.6 years took part in this experiment. Firstly, they went through an anamnesis and body composition analysis; secondly, they were submitted to a 6-minute walk test and a maximum stress test in arm cycle ergometer on alternate days. Results: patients were able to perform the maximum stress test and showed better aerobic potentials in the arm cycle ergometer than in the 6-minute walk test. No significant differences were found between SPO2 and diastolic blood pressure between the moments of rest and after the tests, neither in the systolic blood pressure after the 6-minute walk test and the values of rest and post 5 minutes in the maximum stress test. The main differences found were between the maximum systolic blood pressure in the cycle ergometer test and the other moments and the heart rate after the tests and the heart rate at rest. Conclusion: the maximum stress test in arm cycle ergometer is a safe method that allows greater requirement and control applied to the heart system than in the 6-minute walk test. In addition, it allows the development of a more individualized aerobic training and prescription of aerobic physical exercise program.

Sessenta e seis adolescentes, sendo 38 obesos (25F/13M) e 28 não obesos (23F/5M), pareados pelo sexo, idade, cor; nível de escolaridade e estágio de maturação sexual, foram submetidos a um inquérito clínico-demográfico e à avaliação clínico-laboratorial. A relação cintura-quadril foi maior no grupo dos obesos do que nos não obesos (0,86±0,08 vs. 0,74±0,04; p< 0,01), assim como as medidas de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (120,2±12,1 vs. 105,4±9,1mmHg; p<0,01 e 74,3±7,7 vs. 65,5±9,4mmHg; p<0,01, respectivamente). A lesão dermatológica acanthosis nigricans predominou no grupo dos obesos (n= 24, 63,2%). Os obesos apresentaram valores de HDL-colesterol inferiores aos dos não obesos (36,5±10,5 vs. 43,0±9,2mg/dl, respectivamente; p< 0,05). Os níveis de triglicerídeos e ácido úrico foram maiores no grupo dos obesos se comparado aos não obesos (124,6±80,0 vs. 74,2±31,4mg/dl, respectivamente; p< 0,01 e 5,8±1,4 vs. 4,5±1,0mg/dl, respectivamente; p< 0,01). Não houve diferença nos valores de colesterol, LDL colesterol e na glicemia basal entre os dois grupos. Os adolescentes obesos procuraram tratamento na maioria das vezes movidos por uma preocupação com a saúde (n= 15, 39,5%). Um número significativo desses adolescentes já havia feito uso de medicamentos visando a perda ponderal no passado. Concluímos que a obesidade na adolescência pode estar relacionada a um perfil clínico-metabólico desfavorável, caracterizado por níveis mais elevados de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, triglicerídeos, ácido úrico, e mais reduzidos de HDL-colesterol; e ainda pela presença de acanthosis nigricans.

Sixty six adolescents, 36 obese (25F/13M) and 28 non-obese (23F/5M), matched for sex, age, race, education level and Tanner stage of sexual maturation were submitted to a demographical inquire, clinical evaluation and laboratory analysis. The waist-to-hip ratio (0.86±0.08 vs. 0.74±0.04; p< 0.01) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (120.2±12.1 vs. 105.4±9.1 mmHg; p< 0.01 and 74.3±7.7 vs. 65.5±9.4mmHg; p< 0.01), were higher in the obese group as compared to the non-obese group. Acanthosis nigricans predominated in the obese group (n= 24; 63.5%). levels of HDL-cholesterol were lower in obese adolescents (36.5±10.5 vs. 43.0±9.2 mg/dl; p< 0.05), whereas levels of triglycerides and uric acid were higher (124.6±80.0 vs. 74.2±31.4mg/dl; p< 0.01 and 5.8±1,4 vs, 4.5±1.0mg/dl; p< 0,01), respectively. No differences were found in cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and basal glucose between the two groups, Obese adolescents sought for treatment because of concern about their health (n= 15, 39.5%). Most of them had already used antiobesity drugs in the past. We conclude that obesity in adolescence seems to be associated with a clinical and metabolic profile of insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans and higher levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, trygliceride and uric acid as well as low levels of HDL-cholesterol.