Alcohol is part of the history of humanity, seemingly as a result of countless factors including the easy production of alcoholic beverages in practically all regions of the world. The authors studied aspects of the use of and the dependence on alcohol in Brazil, through a household survey conducted by Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). A total of 8,589 interviews were held in 107 of the largest cities in Brazil, all of them with more than 200 thousand inhabitants. The study was planned to gather information within the household environment about a stratified probabilistic sample obtained in three selection phases: 1) the censitaire sectors for each municipality, 2) a systematic randomized sampling, and 3) drafting a respondent by lot in each household to provide information. Approximately 11.2% of the subjects were concerned with their own consumption of alcohol. The signs/symptoms of the syndrome of dependence evident in a greater percentage were the desire to stop or reduce the use of alcohol and to stop or reduce resorting to alcoholic beverages more often than desired, as reported by 14.5 and 9.4% of the respondents, respectively. The regions in Brazil with the highest percentage of dependents were the North (16.3%) and the Northeast (19.9%). According to the estimates obtained in the survey, 5.2% of the teenagers were concerned about the use of alcohol. The estimates obtained in this survey reveal a need to implant specific preventive programs for the problem of alcohol, especially for the very young.

O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência do uso de drogas, álcool, tabaco e o uso não médico de medicamentos psicotrópicos. Este estudo abrangeu as 107 maiores cidades do Brasil; amostra: idades entre 12 e 65 anos. Amostragem em três estágios; setores censitários; domicílios e o respondente. Entrevistadas 8.589 pessoas. O uso na vida de álcool com 68,7% foi próximo aos 70,8% do Chile. O uso na vida de tabaco foi de 41,1%, inferior aos EUA (70,5%). O uso na vida de maconha foi de 6,9% próximo ao da Colômbia (5,4%) e abaixo dos EUA (34,2%). O uso na vida de cocaína foi 2,3%, inferior aos EUA (11,2%). O uso de solventes foi de 5,8%, bem menor que no Reino Unido (20,0%). Os estimulantes tiveram 1,5% de uso na vida e os benzodiazepínicos com 3,3%. Estes achados permitirão a implantação de políticas públicas adequadas à nossa realidade no campo das drogas psicotrópicas.

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the use of drugs, alcohol, tobacco and the use of non-medical psychotropics. This study enclosed the 107 biggest cities in Brazil; sample: ages between 12 and 65 years. Sampling in three periods: tax sectors; household and the respondent. Were interviewed 8,589 people. The lifetime use of the alcohol was 68.7%, closer to 70.8% in Chile. The lifetime use of the tobacco was of 41.1%, lower than U.S.A. (70.5%). The lifetime use of the marijuana was of 6.9% closer to Colombia (5.4%) and lower than U.S.A. (34.2%). The lifetime use of the cocaine was 2.3%, lower than U.S.A. (11.2%). The lifetime use of solvent was of 5.8%, much lower than the United Kingdom (20.0%). The stimulants have had 1.5% of lifetime use and the anxiolytics with 3.3%. These findings will allow the implantation of adjusted public politics to our reality in the field of the psychotropics drugs.

El objetivo deste estudio és hacer estimativa del predominio del uso de las drogas, alcohol, tabaco y del uso no medico de las medicaciones psicotropicas. En el estudio he incluyedo las 107 mayores ciudades del Brasil. Muestra: personas con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 65 años. La muestra es compuesta por tres periodos: sectores del impuesto, domicilios y el respondedor. Fueran entrevistadas 8.589 personas. El uso en la vida del alcohol - 68.7% contra cerca de 70,8% en Chile. El uso en la vida del tabaco fue 41.1%, inferior a los EE.UU. (70.5%). El uso en la vida de la marijuana fue 6.9%, cerca del uso en Colombia (5.4%) y abajo del uso en los EE.UU. (34.2%). El uso en la vida de la cocaína fue 2,3%, abajo de los EE.UU. (11.2%). El uso del solvente fue 5.8%, mucho menos que en el Reino Unido (20.0%). Los estimulantes habían tenido 1,5% del uso en la vida y los ansioliticos con 3.3%. Estos resultados permitirán la implantación de una política pública ajustada a nuestra realidad en el campo de drogas psicotrópicas.

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the use of drugs, alcohol, tobacco and the use of non-medical psychotropics. This study enclosed the 107 biggest cities in Brazil; sample: ages between 12 and 65 years. Sampling in three periods: tax sectors; household and the respondent. Were interviewed 8,589 people. The lifetime use of the alcohol was 68.7%, closer to 70.8% in Chile. The lifetime use of the tobacco was of 41.1%, lower than U.S.A. (70.5%). The lifetime use of the marijuana was of 6.9% closer to Colombia (5.4%) and lower than U.S.A. (34.2%). The lifetime use of the cocaine was 2.3%, lower than U.S.A. (11.2%). The lifetime use of solvent was of 5.8%, much lower than the United Kingdom (20.0%). The stimulants have had 1.5% of lifetime use and the anxiolytics with 3.3%. These findings will allow the implantation of adjusted public politics to our reality in the field of the psychotropics drugs.

El objetivo deste estudio és hacer estimativa del predominio del uso de las drogas, alcohol, tabaco y del uso no medico de las medicaciones psicotropicas. En el estudio he incluyedo las 107 mayores ciudades del Brasil. Muestra: personas con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 65 años. La muestra es compuesta por tres periodos: sectores del impuesto, domicilios y el respondedor. Fueran entrevistadas 8.589 personas. El uso en la vida del alcohol - 68.7% contra cerca de 70,8% en Chile. El uso en la vida del tabaco fue 41.1%, inferior a los EE.UU. (70.5%). El uso en la vida de la marijuana fue 6.9%, cerca del uso en Colombia (5.4%) y abajo del uso en los EE.UU. (34.2%). El uso en la vida de la cocaína fue 2,3%, abajo de los EE.UU. (11.2%). El uso del solvente fue 5.8%, mucho menos que en el Reino Unido (20.0%). Los estimulantes habían tenido 1,5% del uso en la vida y los ansioliticos con 3.3%. Estos resultados permitirán la implantación de una política pública ajustada a nuestra realidad en el campo de drogas psicotrópicas.

O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência do uso de drogas, álcool, tabaco e o uso não médico de medicamentos psicotrópicos. Este estudo abrangeu as 107 maiores cidades do Brasil; amostra: idades entre 12 e 65 anos. Amostragem em três estágios; setores censitários; domicílios e o respondente. Entrevistadas 8.589 pessoas. O uso na vida de álcool com 68,7% foi próximo aos 70,8% do Chile. O uso na vida de tabaco foi de 41,1%, inferior aos EUA (70,5%). O uso na vida de maconha foi de 6,9% próximo ao da Colômbia (5,4%) e abaixo dos EUA (34,2%). O uso na vida de cocaína foi 2,3%, inferior aos EUA (11,2%). O uso de solventes foi de 5,8%, bem menor que no Reino Unido (20,0%). Os estimulantes tiveram 1,5% de uso na vida e os benzodiazepínicos com 3,3%. Estes achados permitirão a implantação de políticas públicas adequadas à nossa realidade no campo das drogas psicotrópicas.

The consumption of psychotropic drugs among Brazilian secondary school students was examined by comparing data from four surveys using a questionnaire adapted from the WHO's Program on Research and Reporting on the Epidemiology of Drug Dependence. Students filled out the form in their classrooms without the presence of teachers. The target population consisted of 10-18-year-old students (on average, 15,000 students responded to each survey) in Brazil's ten largest state capitals: Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and São Paulo. Among the legal drugs, lifetime use (use at least once during life) of tobacco was increased in seven cities (the exceptions were Brasília, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro). There was also a significant increase in frequent use of alcohol (six times or more per month) in 6 of the cities, from an average of 9.2% in 1987 to 15.0% in 1997. With respect to illegal drugs, there was a significant increase in lifetime use of marijuana (a 3-fold increase from 2.8% in 1987 to 7.6% in 1997). Cocaine use increased 4-fold over the survey period (0.5% in 1987 to 2.0% in 1997). Lifetime use of cocaine significantly increased in eight capitals (except Recife and Rio de Janeiro). However, frequent cocaine use increased in only three capitals (Belém, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre), from an average of 1.0% in 1987 to 3.6% in 1997. Lifetime use of medications such as anxiolytics and amphetamines increased 2-fold on average over the survey period. Comparing the four studies, the main conclusion is that there were significant increases in the frequencies for lifetime use, frequent use and heavy use of many drugs.