ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a serological screening for toxoplasmosis in the heel prick test and to evaluate its epidemiological aspects in newborns and postpartum women in Jataí, Goiás. Method: Cross-sectional epidemiological study for the biological screening of newborns in Jataí, Goiás. Results: The study participants amounted to 228 newborns, whose samples were collected between the third and seventh day of life. IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were detected in 40.79% (93/228) of the samples; out of these, 23.6% (22/93) had high IgG antibody titers, leading to the collection of two other peripheral blood samples and the detection of a decrease in these titers. Conclusion: The findings show the importance of strengthening actions in primary health care to prevent infection and training health professionals in this area to equip them with information regarding cases of reinfection and reactivation of infection in pregnant women, minimizing risks for babies. Objective Jataí Goiás Method Crosssectional Cross sectional Results 22 life 4079 40 79 40.79 93/228 93228 93 (93/228 236 23 6 23.6 22/93 2293 (22/93 titers Conclusion babies 2 407 4 7 40.7 93/22 9322 9 (93/22 23. 22/9 229 (22/9 40. 93/2 932 (93/2 22/ (22/ 93/ (93/ (22 (93 (2 (9 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar a triagem sorológica da toxoplasmose no teste do pezinho e avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos em recém-nascidos e puérperas de Jataí, Goiás. Método: Estudo epidemiológico transversal para a triagem biológica de recém-nascidos em Jataí, Goiás. Resultados: Participaram desta pesquisa 228 recém-nascidos, sendo coletadas amostras entre o terceiro e o sétimo dia de vida. Foram detectados anticorpos IgG anti Toxoplasma gondii em 40,79% (93/228) das amostras; destes, 23,6% (22/93) apresentaram altos títulos de anticorpos IgG e tiveram outras duas amostras de sangue periférico coletadas, sendo verificada a diminuição desses títulos. Conclusão: Tais achados demonstraram a importância do fortalecimento de ações junto à atenção primária à saúde para a prevenção da infecção, assim como a capacitação de profissionais da saúde que atuam nesta área, para que sejam munidos de informações referentes a casos de reinfecção e reativação da infecção em gestantes, minimizando os riscos para os bebês. Objetivo recémnascidos recém nascidos Jataí Goiás Método Resultados 22 recémnascidos, nascidos, vida 4079 40 79 40,79 93/228 93228 93 (93/228 destes 236 23 6 23,6 22/93 2293 (22/93 Conclusão área gestantes bebês 2 407 4 7 40,7 93/22 9322 9 (93/22 23, 22/9 229 (22/9 40, 93/2 932 (93/2 22/ (22/ 93/ (93/ (22 (93 (2 (9 (

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar un cribado serológico de la toxoplasmosis en la prueba del talón y evaluar sus aspectos epidemiológicos en los recién nacidos y puérperas en Jataí, Goiás. Método: Estudio epidemiológico transversal para el cribado biológico de los recién nacidos en Jataí, Goiás. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 228 recién nacidos, cuyas muestras fueron recolectadas entre el tercer y séptimo día de vida. Se detectaron anticuerpos IgG contra Toxoplasma gondii en el 40,79% (93/228) de las muestras; de ellos el 23,6% (22/93) presentaban títulos elevados de anticuerpos IgG y de ellos se recogieron otras dos muestras de sangre periférica; se detectó una disminución de estos títulos. Conclusión: Los hallazgos muestran la importancia de fortalecer las acciones en la atención primaria de salud para prevenir la infección y capacitar a los profesionales de la salud en esta área para dotarlos de información sobre los casos de reinfección y reactivación de la infección en mujeres embarazadas, minimizando los riesgos para los bebés. Objetivo Jataí Goiás Método Resultados 22 vida 4079 40 79 40,79 93/228 93228 93 (93/228 236 23 6 23,6 22/93 2293 (22/93 periférica Conclusión embarazadas bebés 2 407 4 7 40,7 93/22 9322 9 (93/22 23, 22/9 229 (22/9 40, 93/2 932 (93/2 22/ (22/ 93/ (93/ (22 (93 (2 (9 (

ABSTRACT Among individuals coinfected with HCV and HIV, studies of mortality from non-hepatic causes have shown inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of HCV and HIV co-infection to mortality from hepatic and non-hepatic causes in Brazil. This retrospective cohort study included blood donors from Fundação Pró-Sangue de São Paulo (FPS) who were followed from 1994 to 2016 to compare mortality and its causes between HIV-HCV coinfected individuals versus those seronegative for all tested infections. Records from the FPS database and the Mortality Information System were linked through a probabilistic record Relationship (RL). The Hazard Ratio (HR) was estimated using Cox multiple regression models. HCV-HIV coinfected individuals compared to seronegative individuals had a higher risk of death from all causes (HR = 14.54), non-liver neoplasms (HR = 2.55), infections (HR = 10.37) and liver disease (HR = 7.0). In addition, HCV mono-infected individuals compared to seronegative individuals had a higher risk of death from all causes (HR = 2.23), liver cancer (HR = 32.21), liver disease (HR = 14.92), infection (HR = 3.22), and trauma (HR = 1.68). Individuals coinfected with HCV and HIV have increased overall mortality and death due to infections, liver diseases and non-liver neoplasms as compared to those uninfected with HCV and HIV. nonhepatic non results coinfection co Brazil PróSangue Pró Sangue (FPS 199 201 HIVHCV RL. RL . (RL) HR models HCVHIV 14.54, 1454 14.54 , 14 54 14.54) nonliver 2.55, 255 2.55 2 55 2.55) 10.37 1037 10 37 7.0. 70 7.0 7 0 7.0) addition monoinfected mono infected 2.23, 223 2.23 23 2.23) 32.21, 3221 32.21 32 21 32.21) 14.92, 1492 14.92 92 14.92) 3.22, 322 3.22 3 22 3.22) 1.68. 168 1.68 1 68 1.68) 19 20 (RL 145 14.5 5 25 2.5 10.3 103 7. 2.2 32.2 149 14.9 9 3.2 16 1.6 6 14. 2. 10. 32. 3. 1.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to isolate Toxoplasma gondii from tissues of free-range chickens in the southwestern region of Goiás, to detect and molecularly characterize the genetic material of the parasite, and to determine the seroprevalence of the protozoan parasite in these animals. A seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies of 76% (19/25) was found among the chickens, while genetic material from their tissues was detected in 56% (14/25). A total of 14 isolates was obtained in the bioassay, ten of which were considered acute, eight were considered isolates of high virulence lethal to mice, and four of low virulence, considered non-lethal but with the ability to chronify the infection. Seven of the ten isolates showed significant morphometric differences from the RH strain, in terms of nucleus-complex-apical distance, length and width. Genotyping of the acute isolates was performed by RFLP-PCR, using 11 genetic markers: SAG1, SAG2 (3’SAG2 and 5’SAG2), alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and APICO. The results were compared and classified according to the genotypes listed on the ToxoDB Platform, where different profiles were observed indicating the presence of two known genotypes (#7 and #63) and five new genotypes (NEW 3, NEW4, NEW5, NEW6, NEW 7). The results showed high seroprevalence, isolation rate, molecular detection and genotypic variations of T. gondii in free-range chickens in the southwestern region of Goiás. freerange free range Goiás animals T 76 19/25 1925 19 25 (19/25 56 14/25. 1425 14/25 . (14/25) 1 bioassay mice nonlethal non infection strain nucleuscomplexapical nucleus complex apical distance width RFLPPCR, RFLPPCR RFLP PCR, PCR RFLP-PCR markers SAG1 SAG 3SAG2 3 (3’SAG 5SAG2, 5SAG2 5 , 5’SAG2) altSAG2 altSAG alt alt.SAG2 SAG3 BTUB GRA6 GRA c228, c228 c c22 8, 8 c22-8 c292, c292 c29 2, 2 c29-2 L358 L PK1 PK APICO Platform #7 7 (# #63 63 NEW4 NEW5 NEW6 7. 7) rate 19/2 192 (19/2 142 14/2 (14/25 3SAG 5SAG 5’SAG2 alt.SAG c2 c22- c29- L35 # ( #6 6 19/ (19/ 14/ (14/2 5’SAG L3 (19 (14/ (1 (14

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar Toxoplasma gondii de tecidos de galinhas caipiras da região sudoeste de Goiás, detectar e caracterizar molecularmente o material genético do parasito e determinar a soroprevalência do protozoário nestes animais. A soropositividade para anticorpos anti- T. gondii, nas galinhas caipiras, foi de 76% (19/25), enquanto a detecção do material genético dos tecidos foi de 56% (14/25). Por meio do bioensaio foi obtido um total de 14 isolados, sendo 10 agudos, dos quais oito foram considerados isolados de elevada virulência, sendo letais para camundongos; e quatro de baixa virulência, com capacidade de cronificar a infecção, considerados não letais. Em sete dos dez isolados foram identificadas diferenças morfométricas significativas em relação à cepa RH, quanto à distância núcleo-complexo apical, comprimento e largura. A genotipagem dos isolados agudos por RFLP-PCR foi realizada, utilizando-se 11 marcadores genéticos SAG1, SAG2 (3´SAG2 e 5´SAG2), alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, APICO. Os resultados foram comparados e classificados de acordo com os genótipos presentes na Plataforma ToxoDB, nos quais diferentes perfis foram observados indicando a presença de dois genótipos conhecidos (#7 e #63) e cinco genótipos novos (NEW 3, NEW4, NEW5, NEW6, NEW 7). Os resultados demonstraram elevada soroprevalência, taxa de isolamento, detecção molecular e variações genotípicas de T. gondii em galinhas caipiras da região sudoeste de Goiás. Goiás animais anti T 76 19/25, 1925 19/25 , 19 25 (19/25) 56 14/25. 1425 14/25 . (14/25) 1 virulência camundongos infecção RH núcleocomplexo núcleo complexo apical largura RFLPPCR RFLP PCR realizada utilizandose utilizando se SAG1 SAG 3´SAG2 3SAG2 3 (3´SAG 5´SAG2, 5SAG2 5´SAG2 5 5´SAG2) altSAG2 altSAG alt alt.SAG2 SAG3 BTUB GRA6 GRA c228, c228 c c22 8, 8 c22-8 c292, c292 c29 2, 2 c29-2 L358 L PK1 PK APICO ToxoDB #7 7 (# #63 63 NEW4 NEW5 NEW6 7. 7) isolamento 192 19/2 (19/25 142 14/2 (14/25 3´SAG 3SAG 5SAG 5´SAG alt.SAG c2 c22- c29- L35 # ( #6 6 19/ (19/2 14/ (14/2 L3 (19/ (14/ (19 (14 (1

Abstract Lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCC) could be associated with a previous history of potentially malignant oral diseases (PMOD), especially actinic cheilitis (AC), with high sun exposure being a well-described risk factor. Immune evasion mechanisms, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1) pathway has been gaining prominence since immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors showed a positive effect on the survival of patients with different types of neoplasms. Concomitant with the characterization of the tumor microenvironment, the expression of either or both PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules may estimate mutual relations of progression or regression of the carcinoma and prognostic values of the patient. Objective: Considering the importance of tumor microenvironment characterization, this study aims to determine the immunoexpression of PD-L1 and correlate with the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in AC and LLSCC lesions and with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in LLSCC and its relationship with histopathological characteristics. Methodology: This sample includes 33 cases of AC and 17 cases of LLSCC. The cases were submitted to histopathological analysis and to CD4+, CD8+, and PD-L1+ cell determination by immunohistochemistry. Results: There was a significant difference among the frequencies of CD4+, CD8+, and PD-L1+ cells between AC and LSCC cases, higher in the last group. Moreover, histopathological and atypical changes in AC and LLSCC were correlated with the frequencies of PD-L1+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. In AC, PD-L1+ cases had a low frequency of CD4+ cells, but on the other hand, PD-L1+ cases of LLSCC had a higher frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Conclusion: Therefore, the PD-L1 molecule may be a potential escape route for the immune response in oral lesions, but the mechanisms differ between AC and LLSCC. Future studies related to immune evasion and immunotherapy in oral lesions should consider the analysis of inflammatory infiltrate and TILs.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso incomum de pólipo piloso (PP) oral e revisar a literatura para trazer informações epidemiológicas, clínicas e histopatológicas acerca da doença. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 12 anos de idade, encaminhado ao Departamento de Estomatologia com nódulo na região posterior de linha média da língua. O paciente não soube relatar quando surgiu a lesão e se ela havia crescido desde então. O exame clínico revelou massa pedunculada, volumosa e móvel no dorso da língua, medindo aproximadamente 1,0 cm de diâmetro. A mãe do paciente relatou que ele nunca havia tido nenhum problema de saúde anterior. Foi realizada biópsia excisional e o material foi enviado para análise anatomopatológica, sendo os achados compatíveis com o diagnóstico de PP. Comentários: O pólipo piloso é uma lesão rara, especialmente na região oral. A pesquisa bibliográfica revelou apenas dez relatos de casos de PP oral, publicados entre janeiro de 1999 e janeiro de 2019, sendo observada predominância da doença em recém-nascidos do sexo feminino. Dois fatos incomuns ocorreram neste caso: tratava-se de um paciente do sexo masculino e o diagnóstico se deu aos 12 anos de idade.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report an unusual case of oral hairy polyp (HP) and review the literature, providing epidemiological, clinical and histopathological information on this disease. Case description: A 12-year-old male patient was referred to a Stomatology department with a nodule in the posterior midline of the tongue. The patient did not know exactly when it arose or whether it had grown since then. Clinical exam revealed a bulky and mobile pedunculated mass lesion on the dorsum of the tongue, with a diameter of approximately 1 cm. The patient’s mother reported no previous health problem. An excisional biopsy was performed, the surgical specimen was sent for anatomopathological analysis, and the findings were compatible with the diagnosis of HP. Comments: Hairy polyp is a rare lesion, especially in the oral region. The literature search revealed only 10 case reports of oral HP published between January 1999 and January 2019, and they revealed a predominance of the disease in female newborns. Two uncommon facts were presented in this case: the patient was male and diagnosis was made at 12 years old.

ABSTRACT Knowledge about epidemiological distribution patterns of HIV infection in different geographic regions is relevant to understand the dynamics of the disease in Brazil. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of HIV-infected patients from Southwestern Goias State, from 2005 to 2015. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect clinical-epidemiological, virological, and immunological data from the medical records of all HIV-infected patients (n=539) who were followed at the regional reference center of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil, from 2005 to 2015. We detected the prevalence of male patients and the heterosexual route of transmission, as well as an expressive number of young women infected with HIV. The HIV infection was more prevalent in reproductive ages (55.3%). Most patients presented clinical manifestations related to HIV infection at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-four patients presented coinfection with hepatitis C virus, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, leprosy or Chagas disease. Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii was the most common opportunistic infection, followed by neurotoxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and neurocryptococcosis. Combined antiretroviral therapy improved CD4+ T-cell counts: the mean CD4+ T-cell counts after treatment was twice as high as those found at the first medical appointment; and highly active antiretroviral therapy promoted viral suppression in a significant number of patients. Considering the increasing distribution of HIV infection to the interior of Brazil, this descriptive study outlines the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in Southwestern Goias and contributes to develop local prevention strategies and public service plans.

Leprosy inflammatory episodes [type 1 (T1R) and type 2 (T2R) reactions] represent the major cause of irreversible nerve damage. Leprosy serology is known to be influenced by the patient’s bacterial index (BI) with higher positivity in multibacillary patients (MB) and specific multidrug therapy (MDT) reduces antibody production. This study evaluated by ELISA antibody responses to leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute diagnostic-1 (LID-1) fusion protein and phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) in 100 paired serum samples of 50 MB patients collected in the presence/absence of reactions and in nonreactional patients before/after MDT. Patients who presented T2R had a median BI of 3+, while MB patients with T1R and nonreactional patients had median BI of 2.5+ (p > 0.05). Anti-LID-1 and anti-PGL-I antibodies declined in patients diagnosed during T1R (p < 0.05). Anti-LID-1 levels waned in MB with T2R at diagnosis and nonreactional MB patients (p < 0.05). Higher anti-LID-1 levels were seen in patients with T2R at diagnosis (vs. patients with T1R at diagnosis, p = 0.008; vs. nonreactional patients, p = 0.020) and in patients with T2R during MDT (vs. nonreactional MB, p = 0.020). In MB patients, high and persistent anti-LID-1 antibody levels might be a useful tool for clinicians to predict which patients are more susceptible to develop leprosy T2R.