This research investigates the effects of accelerated spheroidizing of cementite on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of commercial steel grades (Fe-0.2C, Fe-0.5C, Fe-0.7C wt%), emphasizing the role of cold-rolling reduction followed by stress relief annealing. Utilizing SEM imaging, X-ray diffraction, and EBSD measurements, this study comprehensively examines how variations in carbon content influence hardness, dislocation density, and crystallographic texture orientation. Microhardness measurements reveal a direct relationship with carbon content, yielding values of 28.0±1.0 HRC for DT-1020, 36.0±1.0 HRC for DT-1050, and 39.0±1.0 HRC for DT-1070. Texture analysis through EBSD demonstrates distinct patterns among the grades: DT-1020 displays a dominant (111) texture, DT-1050 exhibits a (101) orientation, and DT-1070 features a more refined (101) texture. Dislocation density analysis further corroborates the impact of carbon content, with DT-1050 presenting the highest density at approximately 7.8×1016 m-2. This detailed exploration elucidates the intricate interplay between carbon content, cementite morphology, and their collective influence on mechanical performance of steel, providing valuable guidance for tailoring steel properties via microstructural control. Fe0.2C, Fe02C FeC Fe 0.2C, 0 2C C (Fe-0.2C Fe0.5C, Fe05C 0.5C, 5C Fe-0.5C Fe0.7C Fe07C 0.7C 7C wt%, wt wt% , wt%) coldrolling cold rolling annealing imaging Xray X ray diffraction hardness orientation 28010 28 1 28.0±1. DT1020, DT1020 DT 1020, 1020 36010 36 36.0±1. DT1050, DT1050 1050, 1050 39010 39 39.0±1. DT1070. DT1070 1070. 1070 DT-102 111 (111 DT-105 101 (101 DT-107 781016 7 8 1016 7.8×101 m2. m2 m 2. 2 m-2 morphology control Fe0 Fe0.2C 02C 0.2C Fe0.5C 05C 0.5C 07C 2801 28.0±1 DT102 102 3601 3 36.0±1 DT105 105 3901 39.0±1 DT107 107 DT-10 11 (11 10 (10 78101 7.8×10 m- 280 28.0± DT10 360 36.0± 390 39.0± DT-1 (1 7810 7.8×1 28.0 DT1 36.0 39.0 DT- ( 781 7.8× 28. 36. 39. 78 7.8 7.

This work addresses the corrosion resistance of Riser steels used in submarine pipelines for oil production, making it crucial to evaluate the variables related to corrosion in the marine environment. Three types of wires with spheroidized, lamellar and discontinuous cementite microstructure were tested in 0.1M H2SO4 with and without the use of CO2, in addition to a different ambient temperature (80 °C). Thus, electrochemical tests, including OCP and linear potentiodynamic polarization, revealed the corrosion resistance of each material. The analysis of the polarization curves through Tafel extrapolation, obtained the current density, correlating with the potential of the sample in the medium, indicating the polarization resistance. The LC wires demonstrated greater resistance to corrosion (769.23; 2,544.79 and 4,790.87 Ω.cm2) compared to spheroidized cementite (502,40; 1,038.99 and 902.95 Ω.cm2) and, which, in turn, obtained lower resistance values in two of the solutions. The FeCO3 and FeSO4 salts were formed in different areas, including the most degraded ones identified by Raman spectroscopy. production environment 01M M 0 1M HSO H SO H2SO CO2 CO 80 (8 °C. C °C . °C) Thus tests material extrapolation density medium 769.23 76923 769 23 (769.23 254479 2 544 79 2,544.7 479087 4 790 87 4,790.8 Ω.cm2 Ωcm2 Ωcm Ω cm2 cm 502,40 50240 502 40 (502,40 103899 1 038 99 1,038.9 90295 902 95 902.9 which turn solutions FeCO FeSO areas spectroscopy 8 ( 769.2 7692 76 (769.2 25447 54 7 2,544. 47908 4,790. Ω.cm 502,4 5024 50 (502,4 10389 03 9 1,038. 9029 90 902. 769. (769. 2544 5 2,544 4790 4,790 502, (502, 1038 1,038 (769 254 2,54 479 4,79 (502 103 1,03 (76 25 2,5 47 4,7 (50 10 1,0 (7 2, 4, (5 1,

RESUMO O cobre e suas ligas têm características de condutividade elétrica e térmica e boa tenacidade. Como o cobre tem um valor positivo para o potencial de redução padrão, ele não reage com a água, mas com os ácidos oxidantes. Um método útil para proteger metais e ligas é a adição de substâncias inibidoras de corrosão na solução, que possui uma alta eficiência de inibição. No entanto, muitos inibidores são indesejáveis devido à sua toxicidade para o meio ambiente e seu alto custo. Estudos foram desenvolvidos para investigar extratos de plantas como inibidores de corrosão. A planta sapindus saponaria L pode ter algum interesse tecnológico em relação a processos corrosivos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as técnicas de polarização potenciodinâmica cíclica e linear, cronoamperiometria, gravimétrica por imersão em perda de massa, espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Na voltametria cíclica com o extrato da região catódica, há alguma interação com as espécies em solução. A partir das curvas de polarização, voltametria linear, a eficiência foi de 63,6%, onde o extrato se comportou como um inibidor do tipo misto. Determinando os valores da taxa de corrosão na ausência e na presença do extrato, foram encontrados o valor de 59,8% de eficiência inibitória em termos de imersão em perda de massa e 80,0% em termos de conteúdo de íons de cobre em solução da absorção atômica da chama. As imagens micrográficas mostram que, na presença do extrato, na superfície do cobre não houve alterações significativas e a formação de produtos corrosivos não ocorreu. Conclui-se que o extrato de sapindus saponaria L é um inibidor razoável da corrosão do cobre em HNO31 mol/L.

ABSTRACT Copper and its alloys have characteristics of electrical and thermal conductivity and good toughness. As copper has a positive value for standard reduction potential, it does not react with water, but with oxidizing acids. A useful method to protect metals and alloys is the addition of corrosion inhibiting substances in the solution, which has a high inhibition efficiency.However, many inhibitors are undesirable because of their toxicity to the environment and their high cost. Studies have been developed in order to investigate plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. The sapindus saponaria L plant may have some technological interest in relation to corrosive processes.For this purpose, the techniques of potentiodynamic polarization of cyclic and linear scanning, chronoamperiometry, gravimetric by mass loss immersion, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were used. In cyclic voltammetry with the cathodic region extract, there is some interaction with the species in solution. From the polarization curves, linear voltammetry, the efficiency was 63.6%, where the extract behaved as a mixed type inhibitor. Determining the values of the corrosion rate in the absence and in the presence of the extract, the value of 59.8% of inhibitory efficiency in terms of mass loss immersion and 80.0% in terms of copper ions content in solution from flame atomic absorption were found.The micrographic images show that in the presence of the extract, on the copper surface there were no significant changes and the formation of corrosion products did not occur. It is concluded that the extract of sapindus saponaria L is a reasonable inhibitor of copper corrosion in HNO3 1 mol/L.

The growing process of a spinel-like oxide film can be obtained through different atmospheres; in this sense Air, O2, steam, and nitrogen atmospheres were used in different steps during the aging heat treatment at 490ºC of maraging 300 and 350 alloys. The oxidation layer produced under different atmospheres was chemically, microstructurally and mechanically characterized by means of advanced techniques. The results showed (in both alloys) a non-homogeneous mix oxide formed by magnetite, nickel and cobalt ferrites and MoO3 heterogeneously distributed along the oxide thickness. It was also founded TiO2 in the innermost areas and a particularly important quantify of hematite on the external surface. A nickel-rich austenite phase was produced at the interphase due to the combination of nickel stability and the preference of cobalt, molybdenum, and iron diffuses through the film as ions. The highest thickness values were found in the oxides produced in maraging 300 steels which could indicate greater susceptibility to oxidation comparing with grade 350 maraging steel. The oxide films produced in both maraging alloys using air atmosphere presents excellent adherence, and the results show the capability for being used for tribological applications under sliding contact tests.

Abstract Background: The understanding of how individuals manage their emotional experiences has flourished dramatically over the last decades, including assessing of emotion (dys) regulation. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a well-validated and extensively used self-report instrument for emotion regulation problems. Despite the wide use of DERS in both clinical and research settings, its length potentially increases fatigue and frustration in respondents and limits its inclusion in brief research protocols. Consequently, a short-form version of the DERS (DERSSF) was developed, which requires cross-cultural adaptations and the study of its reliability and validity. Objectives: In order to address this issue, this study aimed to analyze the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of DERS-SF and examine the DERS-SF factor structure invariance between men and women. Methods: The sample comprised 646 participants aged between 18 and 66 years (M = 29.93, SD = 11.71). Results: The correlated six-factor structure of the original version has an acceptable fit, good reliability, and convergent validity. Our results also suggested the invariance of the factor structure of the DERS-SF across genders. Conclusion: The DERS-SF has good psychometric properties, and it may be useful for future research and clinical work to use this six-factor brief version and improve emotion regulation assessment.

The corrosion behavior of austenitic and superaustenitic stainless steels was investigated in carbon dioxide-saturated synthetic oil field formation water using cyclic polarization tests. In order to measure the effect of carbon dioxide pressure, the samples were also exposed in a pressurized medium containing carbon dioxide and synthetic air. For this purpose, tests were performed for long exposure time at 80 °C under 8 MPa of a mixture of carbon dioxide and synthetic air both acting togethere. The results indicated that the type of corrosion on the surfaces of the samples after all the tests was pitting corrosion. According to the results, the AL-6XNPLUS™ steel presented the best performance in all experiments. The results also indicated that the conventional austenitic stainless steels are not suitable for the use in carbon dioxide containing environment in aqueous medium.

Os processos interativos na escola, pares e contextos familiares dos adolescentes apresentam um peso considerável no estudo dos fatores de risco e protetores associados ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos agressivos. Atendendo a esta premissa, pretendemos analisar a relação entre a perceção que os jovens têm do seu suporte social e do ambiente escolar e o desenvolvimento das diferentes formas e funções de comportamentos agressivos. Participaram no estudo 851 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 19 anos, a frequentar o ensino básico e secundário. Recorrendo a regressões hierárquicas, obtivemos 2 modelos explicativos dos fatores de risco e protetores da agressão direta reativa, agressão relacional reativa, agressão direta instrumental e agressão relacional instrumental. Os resultados revelam interessantes padrões de risco e proteção para cada um dos subtipos de comportamento agressivo. As relações familiares e o ambiente escolar são preditores-chave para esta amostra, quer de risco, quer de proteção.

The adolescents interactive processes at school, peers and family contexts presents considerable weight in the study of risk and protective factors associated with the development of aggressive behavior. Given this premise we intend to analyze the relationship between the perception that young people have of their social support and the school climate and the development of different forms and functions of aggressive behavior. Participated in the study 851 adolescents aged between 11 and 19 years, attending elementary and high school grades. Using hierarchical regression, 2 models are presented that capture significant risk and protective factors for reactive overt aggression, reactive relacional aggression, instrumental overt aggression, and instrumental relacional aggression. Results reveal several insteresting patterns of risk and protection for each subtipe of aggressive behavior. Relationships with parents and school climate are key predictors for this sample, representing both risk and protection.

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi a validação da versão Portuguesa do Questionário de Fantasias Sexuais de Wilson. Posteriormente, analisamos a frequência das fantasias em função do género. Uma amostra comunitária de 1220 homens e mulheres Portugueses completou o questionário com 40 itens. Realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, bem como estatística comparativa para amostras independentes, através do software IBM SPSS Statistics e AMOS (ambos v. 22.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Il., USA). A estrutura final com 24 itens repartidos por quatro fatores demonstrou, no geral, boas propriedades psicométricas (em termos de validade fatorial, consistência interna e sensibilidade) e validade convergente e discriminante questionável. O teste-t para amostras independentes identificou diferenças de género relativamente à frequência de fantasias sexuais. Esta investigação proporciona uma versão validada do Questionário de Fantasias Sexuais de Wilson, em Português. No que concerne às diferenças de género nas fantasias, apresenta também resultados consistentes e outros distintos comparativamente à literatura existente. São necessários mais estudos para se confirmar esta estrutura noutras amostras (e.g., clínicas e forenses).

The main purpose of this study was to validate a Portuguese version of the Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire. Afterwards, we assess the fantasies' frequency based on gender differences. A community sample of 1220 Portuguese men and women completed the questionnaire with 40 items. Factor exploratory and confirmatory analysis, as well as comparative statistics for independent samples, were applied with the IBM SPSS Statistics and AMOS software (both v. 22.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Il., USA). The final structure with 24 items distributed amongst four factors showed overall good psychometric properties (in terms of factorial validity, reliability and sensitivity) and questionable convergent and discriminant validity. The independent samples t-test showed gender differences regarding sexual fantasies frequency. This research provides a validated version of the Portuguese Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire. It also shows some common and disparate gender differences compared to other research. Further studies are need in order to confirm this structure amongst other samples (e.g., clinical and forensic).

Foundation: brain tumors cause high mortality, decrease in quality of life and impact negatively family health. Objective: to describe the results of surgical interventions to patients with brain tumors in Cienfuegos between January 2012 and December 2015. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the General University Hospital Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima de Cienfuegos, covering the period between January 2012 and December 2015. The universe consisted of 53 patients. The variables studied were: age, sex, history of chronic diseases, history of neoplasia of another location, onset syndrome, anatomical location according to the imaging study performed, degree of macroscopic cytoreduction, Karnofsky scale, tumor type, postoperative complications and survival after six months of surgery. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: there was a slight predominance of females over males. 67.9 % of the patients did not present associated comorbidity, 45.3 % started as an endocranial hypertension syndrome, 81.9 % had supratentorial localization and 73.6 % had total macroscopic tumor cytoreduction. The most frequent histological type was astrocytoma 34 %. There was a 60.4 % survival at six months and only 6.2 % had a quality of life lower than 70 points according to the Karnofsky Scale. Conclusion: a greater survival was associated with meningothelial meningioma, emphasizing lethality in grade IV astrocytomas and lung metastasis. The most frequent and associated mortality complication was postoperative neurological deterioration.

Fundamento: los tumores cerebrales causan elevada mortalidad, disminución de la calidad de vida e impactan de forma negativa en la salud familiar. Objetivo: describir los resultados de las intervenciones quirúrgicas a pacientes con tumores cerebrales en Cienfuegos entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2015. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el Hospital General Universitario Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima de Cienfuegos que abarcó el período entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2015. El universo estuvo constituido por 53 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, antecedentes de enfermedades crónicas, antecedentes de neoplasia de otra localización, síndrome de inicio, localización anatómica según estudio imagenológico realizado, grado de citorreducción macroscópica, Escala de Karnofsky, tipo histológico del tumor, complicaciones postquirúrgicas y supervivencia a los seis meses de operados. El análisis se basó en estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados: existió un ligero predominio del sexo femenino sobre el masculino. El 67,9 % de los pacientes no presentó comorbilidad asociada, el 45,3 % se inició como un síndrome de hipertensión endocraneana, el 81,9 % presentó localización supratentorial y al 73,6 % se le realizó citorreducción macroscópica total del tumor. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el astrocitoma 34 %. Hubo una supervivencia de un 60,4 % a los seis meses y solo el 6,2 % de estos tuvo una calidad de vida inferior a 70 puntos según Escala de Karnofsky. Conclusión: se asoció una mayor supervivencia al meningioma meningotelial, destacó la letalidad en astrocitomas grado IV y metástasis de pulmón. La complicación más frecuente y asociada a la mortalidad fue el empeoramiento neurológico postoperatorio.

Cauda equine meningiomas are neoplasms of mesodermal origin and generally of benign behavior. They originate from the meningothelial cells that make up the arachnoid villi. A case of a 37 year old patient with low back pain of one year of evolution is presented. On physical examination there was decreased muscular strength and hypoesthesia in lower limbs. In nuclear magnetic resonance, a rounded isointense image was observed within the medullar canal at L2 level. At preoperative checkup the human immunodeficiency virus test was positive. Antiretroviral treatment was started and after six months, surgery was performed, the biopsy reported a meningothelial meningioma. The evolution of the patient was favorable. The aim of the present study is to describe this tumor presentation in a patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus.

Los meningiomas de cauda equina son neoplasias de origen mesodérmico y generalmente de comportamiento benigno. Se originan a partir de las células meningoteliales que componen las vellosidades aracnoideas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 37 años con dolor lumbar de un año de evolución, al examen físico se constató disminución de la fuerza muscular e hipoestesia en miembros inferiores. En la resonancia magnética nuclear se observó imagen redondeada isointensa dentro del canal medular a nivel de L2. En el chequeo preoperatorio se le realizó examen de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana el cual resultó positivo. Se comenzó tratamiento antirretroviral y seis meses después se practicó la cirugía. La biopsia informó un meningioma meningotelial. La evolución del paciente fue favorable. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir la presentación de dicho tumor en un paciente con diagnóstico de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana.

A perceção de suporte social familiar e dos amigos tem uma grande influência no desenvolvimento psicossocial saudável dos adolescentes. Desta forma, propusemo-nos adaptar e aferir para a população portuguesa as escalas de medida Perceção do Suporte Social da Família (PSS-Fam) e dos Amigos (PSS-Am) de Procidado e Heller (1983). Apresentamos os resultados obtidos a partir de uma amostra de 851 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 19 anos. Os resultados estão de acordo com os obtidos por Procidano e Heller (1983) que obtiveram uma solução com apenas um fator para cada escala. Os estudos psicométricos revelam, de forma global, bons índices de fiabilidade e validade dos instrumentos. Concluímos contribuindo com duas medidas adequadas para avaliar o suporte social percebido na população adolescente.

The perception of social support from family and from friends have a big influence on the healthy psychosocial development of adolescents. Thus, our aim is to adapt and standardize for the Portuguese population the Procidado and Heller (1983) measurement scales Perception of Social Support from Family (PSS-Fam) and from Friends (PSS-Am). We present the results obtained from a sample of 851 adolescents aged between 11 and 19 years old. The results are in agreement with those found by Procidano and Heller (1983) who obtained a solution with only one factor for each scale. Psychometric studies reveal, globally, good levels of reliability and validity of the instruments. We concluded contributing two appropriate measures to assess the perceived social support in the adolescent population.

A família tem grande poder de influência e de transformação na vida de crianças e adolescentes. Os estudos recentes referem que o suporte familiar parece influenciar o desenvolvimento de comportamentos agressivos. Afirmam ainda a existência de uma relação entre o comportamento de bullying e o suporte que os jovens recebem das suas famílias. Assim, partindo da hipótese de que na fase da adolescência dos filhos, o suporte social dos pais poderá estar na origem de diferentes tipos de comportamentos agressivos/vitimizantes, o objetivo deste estudo é o de explorar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Suporte Parental (QSP-6) - versão reduzida para Adolescentes (Clouse, 2007). Deste modo, apresentamos os resultados obtidos a partir de uma amostra de 728 adolescentes e jovens (372 do sexo feminino e 356 do sexo masculino) com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 21 anos. A estrutura relacional dos 18 itens foi avaliada por uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) sobre a matriz de correlações, com extração dos fatores pelo método das componentes principais, seguido de rotação varimax. Os estudos psicométricos do QSP-6 revelam, de forma global, bons índices de fiabilidade e validade do instrumento.

The family has great power to influence and change the lives of children and adolescents. Recent studies indicate that family support appears to influence the development of aggressive behaviour. Still claim the existence of a relationship between bullying behaviour and support young people receive from their families. Thus, on the assumption that in children adolescence, parental social support may be the cause of different types of aggressive/victim behaviour, the aim of the present study is to explore the psychometric properties of the Parental Support Questionnaire (QSP- 6) -short form for teens (Clouse, 2007). Therefore, we present the results obtained from a sample of 728 adolescents and youth (372 females and 356 male) aged between 12 and 21 years. The relational structure of 18 items was evaluated by Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) of the correlation matrix with factors of extraction by the method of principal components, followed by varimax rotation. Psychometric studies of the QSP-6 reveal, globally, good levels of reliability and validity of the instrument.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência das restrições na lealdade dos espectadores de futebol. Foi aplicado um questionário a adeptos do Sport Lisboa e Benfica e através de uma análise fatorial exploratória identificaram-se 11 fatores. Uma análise de regressão linear permitiu identificar que 4 influenciam significativamente a lealdade dos adeptos. Os resultados dos testes ANOVA identificaram a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre restrições sentidas por sócios e não sócios, bem como entre espectadores com diferentes habilitações escolares. Quanto à lealdade, verificaram-se diferenças entre sócios e não sócios. As implicações dos resultados são discutidas e fornecem-se sugestões para futuras pesquisas.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of constraints on the soccer spectators' loyalty. An online survey was applied to Sport Lisboa e Benfica fans and through an exploratory factor analysis, 11 factors were identified. The results of a linear regression showed that 4 have significant influence in spectators' loyalty. The ANOVA results showed significant differences in the constraints felt by members and non-members, as well as among spectators with different academic degrees. As for loyalty, there are differences among members and non-members. Managerial implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la influencia de los constreñimientos en la lealtad de los espectadores del fútbol. Se ha aplicado un cuestionario a adeptos del Sport Lisboa e Benfica y a través de un análisis factorial exploratoria se identificaron 11 factores. Un análisis de regresión linear permitió identificar que 4 influencian significativamente la lealtad de los adeptos. Los resultados de ANOVA identificaron la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los constreñimientos sentidos por socios y non socios, bien como entre espectadores con diferentes habilitaciones escolares. Cuanto à la lealtad, se verificaron diferencias entre socios y non socios. Las implicaciones de los resultados son discutidas y se proveen sugestiones para futuras pesquisas.