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Abstract Background Musculoskeletal chronic pain is a leading cause of global disability and laboral incapacity. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that investigate the relationship between chronic pain and mental disorders with a control group, particularly among low- and middle-income countries. Chronic pain is a serious public health problem in terms of human suffering, and in terms ofsocioeconomic implications. Frequent association with different mental disorders increases disability, decreases quality of life, and makes diagnosis and treatment challenging. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of mental disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and compare with a control group without pain. Methods We selected 100 patients in a regular follow-up at the Musculoskeletal Pain Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital and compared them with 100 painless individuals from the control group from June 2016 to June 2018. The instruments used were the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-PLUS) and a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis used t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, and multiple logistic regression. Results In the sample evaluated, the majority of patients were women (83%), of brown color (54%), with lower-level education (51%), lower salary range (73%) and high absenteeism rate at work (60,7%). Patients with chronic pain had more psychiatric disorders (88% vs. 48% in the control group; p < 0.001). The most frequent diagnoses were anxiety disorders with panic attacks (44%), generalized anxiety (36%), mixed anxiety and depression disorder (33%), social phobia (30%), agoraphobia (29%), suicide risk (28%), and major depression (27%). Conclusion Positive correlations of mental disorders and chronic musculoskeletal pain have been documented. This suggests that psychiatric components must be taken into account in the management of chronic pain syndromes. The use of Mini Plus as a diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders can contribute to optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic pain and encourage the creation of policies with strategies and criteria for quick access to Multi-professional Services. incapacity However populationbased population based low middleincome middle income countries suffering implications life challenging 10 followup follow up 201 2018 MINIPLUS MINI PLUS (MINI-PLUS data ttest, ttest t test t-test chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square Fishers Fisher s MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov tests regression evaluated 83%, 83 83% , (83%) 54%, 54 54% (54%) lowerlevel level 51%, 51 51% (51%) 73% 73 (73% 60,7%. 607 60,7% . 60 7 (60,7%) 88% 88 (88 vs 48 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) 44%, 44 44% (44%) 36%, 36 36% (36%) 33%, 33 33% (33%) 30%, 30 30% (30%) 29%, 29 29% (29%) 28%, 28 28% (28%) 27%. 27 27% (27%) documented syndromes Multiprofessional Multi professional Services 1 20 8 (83% 5 (54% (51% (73 60,7 6 (60,7% (8 4 000 0.00 00 (44% 3 (36% (33% (30% 2 (29% (28% (27% (83 (54 (51 (7 60, (60,7 ( 0.0 (44 (36 (33 (30 (29 (28 (27 (5 (60, 0. (4 (3 (2 (60 (6