ABSTRACT: This article addresses the importance of graffiti in hip-hop culture and its relationship with language, identity, and urban space. Although it is an important form of artistic expression, graffiti is often perceived as an act of vandalism that discomforts individuals who view the world through the lens of neoliberal capitalism. The text argues that this stigma is a way to perpetuate discourses and marginalization of individuals based on race, gender, and social class. This qualitative research will adopt a critical perspective to understand linguistic phenomena, as highlighted in the researcher’s bricoleur approach ( Denzin; Lincoln, 2006), in order to navigate through distinct and converging fields of knowledge. Through interviews conducted with the participants in this study, it is possible to perceive that graffiti is considered a product of a linguistic dispute in urban landscapes and also a focal point in studies of new literacies ( Mattos, 2011). The article discusses how graffiti can represent a form of re-existence ( Souza, 2009; 2011) in the transperipheral paradigm ( Windle et al., 2020), also finding support in the perspective of undisciplinary applied linguistics ( Moita Lopes, 2006; Pennycook, 2006). ABSTRACT hiphop hip hop language identity space expression capitalism race gender class phenomena researchers researcher s Denzin Lincoln 2006, 2006 , 2006) knowledge study Mattos 2011. 2011 . reexistence re existence Souza 2009 al al. 2020, 2020 2020) Lopes Pennycook 2006. 200 201 202 20 2

RESUMO: Este artigo aborda a importância do graffiti na cultura hip-hop e sua relação com a linguagem, identidade e o espaço urbano. Embora seja uma forma de expressão artística importante, o graffiti é frequentemente visto como um ato de vandalismo que causa desconforto nos sujeitos que enxergam o mundo pela ótica do capitalismo neoliberal. O texto argumenta que esse estigma é uma forma de perpetuar discursos que promovem a segregação e marginalização de indivíduos com base em raça, gênero e classe social. Essa pesquisa qualitativa adotará uma perspectiva crítica para compreender fenômenos linguísticos, como ressaltado na abordagem do bricoleur ( Denzin; Lincoln, 2006) do pesquisador a fim de transitar por campos de conhecimento distintos e confluentes. Por meio de entrevistas conduzidas com os participantes dessa pesquisa, é possível perceber que o graffiti é considerado um produto de uma disputa linguística nas paisagens urbanas e também um apontamento nos estudos sobre novos letramentos ( Mattos, 2011). O artigo discute como o graffiti pode representar uma forma de reexistência ( Souza, 2009; 2011) no paradigma transperiférico ( Windle et al., 2020), encontrando também apoio na perspectiva da linguística aplicada indisciplinar ( Moita Lopes, 2006; Pennycook, 2006). RESUMO hiphop hip hop linguagem urbano importante neoliberal raça social linguísticos Denzin Lincoln 2006 confluentes Mattos 2011. 2011 . Souza 2009 al al. 2020, 2020 , 2020) Lopes Pennycook 2006. 200 201 202 20 2

BACKGROUND The Yellow Fever (YF) vaccine is produced by the inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with YF17DD virus on the ninth day of development. Full embryos are collected on the twelfth day of development for vaccine formulation. Skeletal muscle tissue is the main site where biosynthesis of viral particles occurs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the experimental infection of skeletal muscle cells of chicken embryos by the 17DD Yellow Fever virus (YFV) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Chicken embryos infected with YF17DD virus were analysed by immunofluorescence using confocal and super-resolution microscopes. Primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells of non-infected chicken embryos were evaluated for susceptibility and permissiveness to YF17DD virus using different protocols. This evaluation was performed based on morphological, viral titration, molecular biology, and colorimetric techniques. FINDINGS The present work phenotypically characterises embryonic chicken skeletal muscle cells as myogenic precursors expressing the Pax7 transcription factor in some cases. We demonstrated that these cells are susceptible to in vitro infection at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs), reproducing the same infection pattern observed in vivo. Furthermore, myogenic precursors and myoblasts are preferred infection targets, but establishment of infection does not depend on the presence of these cells. The peak of viral production occurred at 48 hpi, with decay occurring 72 hpi, when the cytopathic effect can be observed. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the primary culture of chicken skeletal muscle cells is a good model for studying muscle cells infected with YF17DD virus. This culture system displays satisfactory emulation of the in vitro phenomenon observed, contributing to our understanding of virus infection dynamics and leading to the development of alternative methods of vaccine production.