Abstract Introduction Pregnancy and diabetes mellitus promote several musculoskeletal changes predisposing this population to complaints of Lower Back (LB) and Pelvic Pain (PP). Objective To assess the frequency of LB and PP and associated factors in type 1 Diabetic (DM1) pregnant women. Method: An observational analytical cross-sectional study. Thirty-six pregnant women with DM1 were evaluated through a postural assessment with a focus on pelvic positioning and what patients reported. The associated factors were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results The frequency of LB and PP was 55.6 % and 30.6 %, respectively. The presence of anxiety was not associated with a higher prevalence of pain. The incidence of sexual dysfunctions was higher in the GD. DM1 duration had a mean of 14.9 years (± 8.2 SD) in the GD and 9.0 years (± 6.9 SD) in the GSD, which was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.050). In the multiple binary regression analysis for the occurrence of pain, the independent factor was DM1 duration ≥ 17 years (OR = 11.2; 95 % CI = 1.02‒124.75). The association between DM1 duration ≥ 17 years and being overweight showed a probability of 95 % for the studied population in the analysis of the probabilities of occurrence of the pain event. Conclusion There was a high frequency of LB and PP related to pregnancy in DM1 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy. The incidence of sexual dysfunction and DM1 duration ≥ 17 years increases the chance that DM1 pregnant women will experience pain. There was no association between anxiety. urinary incontinence and pain in DM1 pregnant women. (LB PP. . (PP) DM (DM1 Method crosssectional cross sectional study Thirtysix Thirty six reported StateTrait State Trait STAI, STAI , (STAI) ICIQSF, ICIQSF ICIQ SF (ICIQ-SF) FSFI. FSFI (FSFI) 556 55 6 55. 306 30 30. respectively 149 14 9 14. ± ( 82 8 2 8. SD 90 0 9. 69 6. GSD p 0.050. 0050 0.050 050 0.050) OR 11.2 112 11 1.02‒124.75. 10212475 1.02‒124.75 02 124 75 1.02‒124.75) event (PP (DM (STAI (ICIQ-SF (FSFI 5 3 005 0.05 05 11. 1021247 1.02‒124.7 12 7 00 0.0 102124 1.02‒124. 0. 10212 1.02‒124 1021 1.02‒12 102 1.02‒1 10 1.02‒ 1.02 1.0 1.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Apresentar um breve panorama da situação do ensino do direito médico nas faculdades de direito brasileiras, com a proposta de uma matriz curricular, se necessário. MÉTODO: Levantamento dos currículos das Faculdades de Direito mais bem classificadas do país e das Faculdades de Direito de referência nos EUA e Europa. Análise das disciplinas oferecidas e sua relação com as reais demandas da área. RESULTADOS: A oferta de disciplinas de direito médico no Brasil é muito escassa e concentrada em uma cidade (São Paulo). A maioria das poucas disciplinas existentes enfoca questões bioéticas, em vez de leis e ações judiciais. CONCLUSÃO: há necessidade de reformulação do ensino do direito médico no Brasil, com inclusão de novas disciplinas e ampliação das disciplinas abordadas.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To provide a brief overview of the teaching of medical law in Brazilian law schools, proposing a syllabus if needed. METHODS: Survey the curricula of the best-ranked Law Schools in the country and reference Law Schools in the USA and Europe. Analyze the disciplines offered and their relation to the actual demands of the industry. RESULTS: The offer of medical law disciplines in Brasil is very scarce and concentrated in one city (São Paulo). Most of the few existing disciplines focus on bioethical issues rather than law and lawsuits. CONCLUSION: There is a need to reformulate the teaching of medical law in Brasil by including new disciplines and broadening the subjects approached.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the views of freshman students with senior students of the Faculty of Medicine- University of São Paulo concerning the respect for the mother’s freedom of choice, the need to protect the unborn child, the proportionality between the mother’s freedom of choice and the protection of the unborn child, and issues related to legal abortion. To determine whether the medical knowledge acquired throughout the academic years can influence the views of medical students on these issues. METHODS: First- and sixth-year students of the Faculty of Medicine - University of São Paulo answered a questionnaire; the inclusion criteria were as follows: a first- or sixth-year student of the medical school and a signature on the free informed consent form. To compare the proportions, a chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used. The significance level was set to 5%. RESULTS: Regarding the mother’s freedom of choice, in the case when a pregnant woman undergoes a cesarean section by means of a court order despite her intention to not have a cesarean, 55.7% of the first-year students have answered that the mother’s choice should be respected. Among the sixth-year students, only 28.9% believe that the mother’s intention should be considered (p<0.0001). With reference to the mother’s choice in connection with antiretroviral medication, 38.1% of the first-year students agreed that the mother’s intention should be respected, whereas 33% of sixth-year students believed that the mother’s intention should be respected (p=0.453). CONCLUSION: There was a tendency to consider the unborn child’s rights over the mother’s choice as students spent more time in medical school.

OBJETIVO: identificar o risco de comportamento suicida em mulheres que apresentaram perda fetal resultante de gestação ectópica e verificar a associação entre risco suicida com depressão e aspectos psicológicos. MÉTODO: Trinta e uma mulheres diagnosticadas com gestação ectópica foram entrevistadas. Diagnóstico de Depressão maior foi identificado através do questionário Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. O questionário Prenatal Psychosocial Profile foi utilizado para avaliação de estresse, suporte social e auto-estima. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado índice de 16% (n = 5) de mulheres que reportaram risco de comportamento suicida. A correlação entre risco suicida e sintomas de depressão maior, estresse e culpa foi estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: Depressão e estresse estiveram relacionados com a presença de risco suicida, aumentando a vulnerabilidade das mulheres com gestação ectópica, o que gera reações emocionais intensas como a culpa.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk for suicidal behavior in women who had a fetal loss resulting from ectopic pregnancy and verify the association of suicide risk with depression and psychosocial aspects. METHODS: Thirty-one women diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy were interviewed. Major depression was identified using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders questionnaire. The Prenatal Psychosocial Profile questionnaire was used to measure stress, social support and self-esteem. RESULTS: We found that 16% (n = 5) reported suicide risk behavior. The correlation between suicide risk and symptoms of major depression, stress and guilt was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and stress have been linked to the presence of suicide risk, further increasing the vulnerability of women with ectopic prgnancy, which generates intense emotional reactions as guilt.

The introduction of highly sensitive methods, such as transvaginal sonography and measurement of serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin, has dramatically improved ectopic pregnancy diagnosis in recent years. Early diagnosis is the key to successful and conservative management of women with ectopic pregnancy; however, approximately 50 percent of such women are initially misdiagnosed, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In order to improve diagnosis, several serum markers are being investigated including progesterone, CA 125, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, vascular endothelial growth factor, and maternal creatine kinase. Measurement of serum vascular endothelial growth factor, alone or together with other markers, could be a promising method for earlier and more accurate differential diagnosis. However, the clinical applicability of these findings remains to be evaluated in larger prospective studies.

OBJETIVOS: comparar o perfil dos fatores maternos, aspectos clínicos e os resultados perinatais no descolamento prematuro da placenta (DPP), em dois períodos. MÉTODOS: avaliação retrospectiva dos casos de DPP ocorridos entre 01 de janeiro de 1994 e 31 de dezembro de 1997 (período 94-97), e entre 1 de abril de 2001 e 31 de março de 2005 (período 01-05), em gestações únicas com peso do recém-nascido superior a 500 g e idade gestacional acima da 20ª semana. Foram analisados os fatores: idade materna, cor, antecedentes obstétricos, pré-natal, rotura prematura de membranas, intercorrências clínicas e/ou obstétricas, sangramento, tônus uterino, malformação fetal, tipo de parto, hemoâmnio e complicações maternas (histerectomia, atonia uterina, CIVD, insuficiência renal aguda e morte materna), e os resultados perinatais. RESULTADOS: no período 94-97, foram realizados 7692 partos e o DPP ocorreu em 0,78% (60 casos), e, no período 01-05, foram 8644 partos com 0,59% (51 casos) de DPP (sem diferença significativa). Observou-se diferença significativa entre os períodos 94-97 e 01-05 em relação à média do número de gestações (3,5±2,4 e 2,6±1,8; p=0,04), não realização de pré-natal (13,3 e 2,0%; p=0,03) e intercorrências maternas (38,3 e 64,7%; p=0,01). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto ao sangramento, à alteração no tônus e aos resultados perinatais, entre os períodos, verificando-se apenas maior proporção de hemoâmnio no período 94-97 que no 01-05 (28,3 e 11,8%, p=0,03). CONCLUSÕES: apesar dos avanços da obstetrícia, as complicações maternas e os resultados perinatais foram semelhantes nos períodos analisados. A gravidade e a imprevisibilidade do fenômeno alertam para a prevenção e controle adequados diante dos fatores associados ao DPP, na abordagem desta doença.

PURPOSE: to compare the maternal factors, clinical aspects and perinatal results in placental abruption during two periods. METHODS: retrospective analysis of placental abruption cases that occurred from January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1997 (period 94-97), and from April 4, 2001 through March 3, 2005 (period 01-05), in singleton delivery with birthweight higher than 500 g and after 20 weeks of gestation. The following factors were analyzed: maternal age, previous obstetric history, prenatal care, premature rupture of membranes, obstetric and/or clinical intercurrent events, vaginal bleeding, uterine tonus, fetal anomaly, mode of delivery, hemoamnion and maternal complication (hysterectomy, uterine atony, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, and maternal death), and the perinatal results. RESULTS: the rate of placental abruption was 0.78% (60 cases) in the period 94-97 (n=7692 deliveries), and 0.59% (51 cases) in the period 01-05 (n=8644 deliveries), without significant difference. A significant difference was observed between the periods 94-97 and 01-05 regarding mean number of previous gestations (3.5±2.4 and 2.6±1.8, p=0.04), patients without prenatal care (13.3 and 2.0%, p=0.03) and maternal intercurrences (38.3 and 64.7%, p=0.01). No significant difference was observed related to vaginal bleeding, tonus abnormalities and perinatal results, between the periods, but a higher proportion of hemoamnion in 94-97 was found when compared to 01-05 (28.3 and 11.8%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: in spite of obstetrical advances, maternal complications and perinatal results were similar in the analyzed periods. The severity and the unexpected results emphasize the importance of prevention and adequate control of associated factors, when this pathology is approached.