The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of intrapulpal pressure simulation on the bonding effectiveness of etch & rinse and self-etch adhesives to dentin. Eighty sound human molars were distributed into eight groups, according to the permeability level of each sample, measured by an apparatus to assess hydraulic conductance (Lp). Thus, a similar mean permeability was achieved in each group. Three etch & rinse adhesives (Prime & Bond NT - PB, Single Bond -SB, and Excite - EX) and one self-etch system (Clearfil SE Bond - SE) were employed, varying the presence or absence of an intrapulpal pressure (IPP) simulation of 15 cmH2O. After adhesive and restorative procedures were carried out, the samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, and taken for tensile bond strength (TBS) testing. Fracture analysis was performed using a light microscope at 40 X magnification. The data, obtained in MPa, were then submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test ( a = 0.05). The results revealed that the TBS of SB and EX was significantly reduced under IPP simulation, differing from the TBS of PB and SE. Moreover, SE obtained the highest bond strength values in the presence of IPP. It could be concluded that IPP simulation can influence the bond strength of certain adhesive systems to dentin and should be considered when in vitro studies are conducted.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, a infiltração marginal em restaurações de classe V, executadas com resina composta (RC), cimento de ionômero de vidro resino-modificado (CIVRM) e compômeros, por meio de diferentes técnicas restauradoras, e submetidas à ciclagem mecânica e térmica. Trinta e seis molares humanos íntegros receberam 72 preparos de classe V nas faces vestibular e lingual. A margem oclusal foi localizada em esmalte; a margem gengival, em dentina. Os dentes foram divididos em nove grupos de oito espécimes cada. As cavidades foram restauradas de acordo com as diferentes técnicas. Nos grupos 1, 2, 4 e 5, não foi feito condicionamento ácido. Após 24 horas em água a 37°C, as amostras sofreram ciclagem mecânica e térmica, imersão em rodamina B e secção no sentido vestíbulo-lingual. O grau de penetração variou de zero (infiltração) a 3 (infiltração máxima). O teste Kruskal-Wallis revelou diferenças estatísticas significantes entre as técnicas restauradoras (p < 0,05). Sem o condicionamento ácido, os compômeros apresentaram a maior infiltração nas duas margens, oclusal e gengival. A RC, na margem gengival, exibiu menor infiltração que os compômeros e o CIVRM. A retenção adicional e o condicionamento ácido + adesivo foram ambos capazes de reduzir a infiltração nas margens gengival e oclusal das restaurações de compômeros.

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of class V cavities restored with composite resin (CR), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and polyacid-modified resin composite (PAMRC), using different clinical procedures. Thirty-six noncarious human molars were used in this study. A class V cavity, measuring approximately 3 mm x 4 mm x 2 mm, was prepared in each tooth in both buccal and lingual aspects, with a diamond bur (number 1,093) at high speed, with coolant water spray. The occlusal margin was located on enamel and the gingival margin was located on dentin. The teeth were divided into 9 groups with 8 specimens each. The cavities were restored according to different techniques. The specimens from groups 1, 2, 4 and 5 did not receive acid etching. The samples were stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours, subjected to occlusal load, thermocycled and immersed in rhodamine B. The restorations were then washed and sectioned in buccolingual direction. The depth of dye penetration was scored from zero (no leakage) to 3 (maximum leakage). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences between the materials (p < 0.05). PAMRC used without acid etching showed the greatest score of leakage in both margins. In the gingival margin, CR showed scores of leakage lower than those of PAMRC and RMGIC. Additional retentions and acid etching were able to decrease microleakage in PAMRC restorations in both gingival and occlusal margins.

O controle de infecção cruzada em consultórios odontológicos inclui cuidados especiais com as seringas tríplices. Os autores pesquisaram a intensidade de contaminação pela microbiota bucal, de pontas de seringas tríplices usadas no atendimento a pacientes de Dentística Restauradora. Cinqüenta pontas descartáveis (Riskcontrol, Injecta Prod. Odontológicos) foram avaliadas: 10, imediatamente após a abertura da embalagem; 30, após o uso em pacientes; e 10, após o uso e a desinfecção com álcool etílico 70% P/V, friccionado por um minuto. Em câmara de fluxo laminar, as pontas foram "roladas" sobre a superfície de Tryptic Soy Agar, suplementado com 5% de sangue desfibrinado de carneiro. Após 96 horas de incubação anaeróbia, foi feita a avaliação da quantidade de unidades formadoras de colônias (ufc) desenvolvidas. Confirmando a informação do fabricante, as pontas estavam estéreis quando retiradas da embalagem. Em todas as pontas usadas em pacientes, observou-se um número incontável de ufc (maior que 300), revelando intensa contaminação. Nas pontas usadas e desinfetadas com álcool etílico 70% P/V, verificou-se apreciável redução na contagem de colônias (1 a 100 ufc), mas incompatível com a segurança biológica. Os resultados sugerem, como condição ideal, o uso de pontas descartáveis nas seringas tríplices.

Effective infection control procedures to prevent cross-contamination in the dental office include care with air/water syringes. The authors had the purpose to verify the bacterial contamination of air/water syringes used in patients seen at the Restorative Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Fifty disposable tips (Riskcontrol, Injecta Prod. Odontológicos) were analysed: 10, immediately after the package was opened; 10, after a single use followed by disinfection with 70% alcohol for one minute; 30, after a single use without any posterior disinfection. The samples were transported to the laboratory and, under aseptic condition, rolled and compressed on a Tryptic Soy Agar surface with 5% of defibrillated sheep blood. After a 96-hour incubation, the reading was carried out with the help of a lens. According to the manufacture’s information, the disposable tips were sterilized. In all of the tips used in patients, an uncountable amount of cfu (colony formation units) was found, revealing great contamination. In the disposable tips disinfected after being used, there was small bacterial growth, but that was incompatible with cross-contamination prevention. Therefore, we conclude that disposable air/water syringes tips must have a single use.

Na busca da reprodução do aspecto dental, a porcelana se destaca entre os materiais restauradores. Desse modo, a utilização do material vem atualmente crescendo cada vez mais, e, com ela, a probabilidade de fraturas. Porém, uma falha nem sempre exige a troca da restauração: existe a possibilidade de um reparo com resina composta. Este trabalho se propôs a avaliar, in vitro, a força de união da resina composta à porcelana feldspática, quando efetuados os seguintes tratamentos superficiais na porcelana: asperização com instrumento cortante rotatório diamantado ou jateamento com óxido de alumínio de 50 micra, em aplicação isolada ou associada a condicionamento com ácido fosfórico, por 15 segundos, ou com ácido fluorídrico, por 1 ou por 4 minutos. Todos os espécimes foram previamente regularizados com lixa nº 220. Após os tratamentos superficiais, receberam o sistema de união adesivo para porcelana Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus Dental Adhesive System (3M). Feita a união com a resina composta (Restaurador Z100, 3M), foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC, em estufa, por 7 dias, e termociclados (600 ciclos de 1 minuto, entre 5 e 55ºC), sendo então submetidos a teste de tração. Pelos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que ocorreu melhora na resistência à tração com todos os tratamentos propostos (em comparação ao observado no grupo controle, sem nenhum tratamento superficial). O jateamento produziu maior resistência de união que a asperização com instrumento cortante rotatório diamantado; mas, quando associados ao condicionamento com qualquer dos ácidos selecionados, independente do tempo de aplicação, não houve diferença estatística entre esses tratamentos.

In the search for the recovery of the dental aspect, the porcelain stands out among restoring materials. The use of this material has increased considerably over the last years, therefore increasing the probability of fractures. Even so, not every failure demands the restoration of the material: the possibility of a repair exists with compounded resin. This study proposed to evaluate in vitro the bonding strength of the composite resin to feldspathic porcelain with several surface treatments: roughened with diamond burs or sandblasted with aluminum oxide of 50 micra, isolated or associatedly etched with phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, or with hydrofluoric acid for 1 or 4 minutes. All the specimens were previously regularized with 220-grit silicon carbide paper. After the superficial treatments, they received the adhesive system for porcelain, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Dental Plus Adhesive System (3M). After making the union with the composed resin (Restorative Z100, 3M), they were stored in distilled water at 37ºC, for 7 days, followed by thermocycling (600 cycles of 1 minute, between 5 and 55ºC), and submitted to a tensile strength test. With the obtained results, the conclusion was that with all the proposed treatments an improvement happened in the resistance of the tensile bonding strength (when compared to those observed in the group control without any superficial treatment). The sandblasting produced a better resistance than the roughening with a diamond bur; but, when associated to the etching with any of the selected acids, independent of the time of application, there was no statistical difference among those treatments.