Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the 100 most cited articles about dental sealants (DS) in dentistry. In September 2023, a search was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) database. The following information was extracted from each article: number and density of citations, year of publication, authorship, journal, impact factor, keywords, study design, theme, continent, country, and institution. The citations of the WoS-CC were compared with those of the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative networks. The number of citations ranged from 33 to 205. The articles were published between 1961 and 2016. Buonocore MG (7%) was the most prominent author among the most cited. The Journal of the American Dental Association was the most frequent journal (25%) and Journal of Dental Research (7.6) had the highest impact factor. Most studies had interventional (41%) and laboratory (31%) designs, mainly addressing DS effectiveness in the prevention and control of dental caries (86%). There was a predominance of publications from North America (46%) and the USA was the country with the highest number of articles (44%). The most frequent institutions were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the University of Rochester (USA) (6% each). “Retention” was the most frequent keyword. In conclusion, the 100 most cited articles were mostly interventional and laboratory studies, addressing the retention and efficacy of DS. Most of the articles were concentrated in North America and Europe, demonstrating a little collaboration from other continents. 10 (DS dentistry 2023 WoSCC WoS CC (WoS-CC database article publication authorship factor keywords design theme continent institution databases networks 3 205 196 2016 7% 7 (7% 25% 25 (25% 7.6 76 6 (7.6 41% 41 (41% 31% 31 (31% designs 86%. 86 86% . (86%) 46% 46 (46% 44%. 44 44% (44%) (USA 6% (6 each. each) Retention “Retention keyword conclusion Europe continents 1 202 20 19 201 (7 2 (25 7. (7. 4 (41 (31 8 (86% (46 (44% ( (2 (4 (3 (86 (44 (8

Aim The objective of this bibliometric analysis was to identify and analyze the key characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles related to the use of propolis in dentistry. Methods The search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, and two independent reviewers selected the articles, excluding meeting articles. The number of citations for each article was compared across the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The extracted data included the number and density of citations, year of publication, journal and impact factor, study design and theme, country and continent, institution, keywords, and authors. VOSviewer software was employed to generate collaborative network maps. Spearman correlation and Poisson regression analyses were performed on the data. Results The number of citations ranged from 26 to 247, with a citation density varying between 1.08 and 20.00. Articles were published between 1991 and 2021, with laboratory studies (70%) and antimicrobial activity (39%) being the most prevalent study design and theme, respectively. The most discussed dental specialty was microbiology (49%). Rosalen PL (27%) emerged as the author with the highest number of articles, and the University of Campinas (Brazil) was the most prolific institution. Poisson regression indicated a declining trend in citations over the years, though literature reviews exhibited higher citation performance. Brazil contributed the highest percentage of articles (41%). Conclusion In conclusion, the 100 most-cited articles predominantly comprised laboratory studies investigating the antimicrobial activity of propolis, primarily originating from Brazil, with notable emphasis on the University of Campinas. 10 mostcited cited dentistry Collection databases publication factor theme continent institution keywords authors maps 2 247 108 1 08 1.0 2000 20 00 20.00 199 2021 70% 70 (70% 39% 39 (39% respectively 49%. 49 49% . (49%) 27% 27 (27% (Brazil years performance 41%. 41 41% (41%) conclusion 24 0 1. 200 20.0 19 202 7 (70 3 (39 4 (49% (27 (41% 20. (7 (3 (49 (2 (41 ( (4

Abstract This study analyzes the characteristics of the top 100 most-cited papers related to tooth bleaching. A literature search was performed on the Web of Science up to March 2022. The number of citations was cross-matched with the citation count on Scopus and Google Scholar. The following data were collected: number and density of citations; authorship; year and journal of publication; study design and thematic; keywords; institution and country of origin. Spearman’s correlation and Poisson regression were used to determine associations between the number of citations and study characteristics. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative network maps for the authors and keywords. The number of citations ranged from 66 to 450. Papers were published between 1981 and 2020. The most frequent study design and topic were laboratory-based studies and ‘interaction of the bleaching agent with dental tissues’, respectively. Cochran M, Loguercio AD, Matis B, Reis A, and Suliman M were the authors with the highest number of papers. The countries with the most papers were the United States of America (USA) (28%) and Brazil (20%). Indiana University and State University of Ponta Grossa were the institutions with the most papers (6% each). There was a very strong correlation among the number of citations of the three databases. The 100 most-cited papers related to tooth bleaching were mainly published by the USA and Brazil, with laboratory-based studies addressing topics related to the effects of bleaching agents on tooth structure being the most prevalent. 10 mostcited cited 2022 crossmatched cross matched Scholar collected authorship publication thematic keywords origin Spearmans Spearman s 6 450 198 2020 laboratorybased laboratory based interaction tissues, tissues , tissues’ respectively AD B (USA 28% 28 (28% 20%. 20 20% . (20%) 6% (6 each. each each) databases prevalent 1 202 45 19 2 (28 (20% ( 4 (2 (20

Resumo Este estudo analisa as características dos 100 artigos mais citados relacionados ao clareamento dental. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada na Web of Science até março de 2022. O número de citações foi cruzado com a contagem de citações na Scopus e na Google Scholar. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: número e densidade de citações; autoria; ano e periódico de publicação; desenho do estudo e temática; palavras-chave; instituição e país de origem. A correlação de Spearman e a regressão de Poisson foram usadas para determinar associações entre o número de citações e as características do estudo. O software VOSviewer foi utilizado para gerar mapas de rede colaborativa para os autores e palavras-chave. O número de citações variou de 66 a 450. Os artigos foram publicados entre 1981 e 2020. O desenho e o tópico de estudo mais frequentes foram estudos laboratoriais e interação do agente clareador com tecidos dentários, respectivamente. Cochran M, Loguercio AD, Matis B, Reis A e Suliman M foram os autores com maior número de artigos. Os países com mais artigos foram os Estados Unidos da América (EUA) (28%) e o Brasil (20%). A Universidade de Indiana e a Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa foram as instituições com mais artigos (6% cada). Houve uma correlação muito forte entre o número de citações das três bases de dados. Os 100 artigos mais citados relacionados ao clareamento dentário foram publicados principalmente pelos EUA e Brasil, sendo os estudos laboratoriais que abordaram tópicos relacionados aos efeitos dos agentes clareadores na estrutura dentária os mais prevalentes. 10 dental 2022 Scholar dados autoria publicação temática palavraschave palavras chave palavras-chave origem palavraschave. chave. 6 450 198 2020 dentários respectivamente AD B (EUA 28% 28 (28% 20%. 20 20% . (20%) 6% (6 cada. cada cada) prevalentes 1 202 45 19 2 (28 (20% ( 4 (2 (20

Abstract Efficient working length determination is essential for a successful endodontic treatment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the method for determining the working length of root canals (radiographic or electronic) influences the obturation level of primary molars. Thus, a controlled, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted. Sixty-four children aged 6 to 9 years with an indication for primary molar pulpectomy were included. Participants were divided into two groups according to the method used to determine the working length of the root canals: (G1) radiographic and (G2) using an electronic apex locator. The study had 3 operators: #1 performed the clinical procedures, except the electronic measurement; #2 performed radiographic measurement and final evaluation of obturation level; and #3 performed eligibility criteria and electronic measurement. Adequacy of obturation level was evaluated based on the final conventional radiography and it was recorded as acceptable or unacceptable (short or overfilled). Data were analyzed with repeated measures logistic regression. There was no difference between the obturation level of primary molars measured by radiographic and electronic methods (p > 0.05). The other investigated variables (age, tooth type, dental arch position, last instrumentation file, and canal location) also did not influence the obturation level (p > 0.05). In conclusion, both measurement methods resulted in similar adequacy of obturation level in primary molars after pulpectomy.

Abstract: The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze the main characteristics of the 100 most-cited papers in the field of endodontic therapy in primary teeth. A search for the most-cited articles was conducted in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science ‘Core-Collection’ (WoS-CC) database up to December 2020. Papers were ranked in descending order, by number of citations, and each paper was matched with the citation count on Scopus and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers selected the most-cited papers and analyzed it according to the number and density of citations, year and journal of publication, authors, countries and contributing institutions, study design, topic of the paper, and keywords. Spearman’s correlation and Poisson regression were used to determine associations between the number of citations and study characteristics. The citation count varied from 15 to 135 (WoS-CC), 8 to 141 (Scopus), and 14 to 317 (Google Scholar). Of the 306 contributing authors, most paper contributions were from Sakai VT, Oliveira TM, and Machado MAAM (5 each). Most of the papers originated from the USA (n=21) and Brazil (n=18). Randomized trials were the most common study design (n=32), and “pulpotomy” was the most frequently used keyword (n=35). Poisson regression showed that the number of citations decreased by 1.5% each year, and increased by 9.7% for each unit of impact factor. This bibliometric analysis highlighted papers, authors, and institutions that have contributed to endodontic therapy in primary teeth. Common terms of interest in this research area was also identified, representing the first bibliometric analysis on this subject.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de problemas para dormir por motivos dentários autorrelatado e sua associação com condições orais adversas em escolares. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 1589 escolares de 8 a 10 anos matriculados em escolas públicas de Florianópolis, Brasil. Os dados não clínicos incluíram um questionário sobre indicadores socioeconômicos respondidos pelos pais/cuidadores. As crianças foram questionadas se tinham problemas para dormir por motivos dentários e sobre episódios anteriores de dor de dente. Foram realizados exames clínicos orais para avaliar: cárie dentária - Índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (índice CPO-D/ceo-d) - e suas consequências clínicas (índice PUFA/pufa - presença de envolvimento pulpar (P/p); ulceração (U/u); fístula (F/f); e abscessos (A/a) e traumatismo dental (TD). Foram realizados análise descritiva e modelos ajustados de regressão logística (p<0,05; IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência de problemas para dormir por motivos dentários foi de 28%. Crianças com cárie dentária não tratada (OR 1,32; IC95% 1,05-1,67) e presença de índice PUFA/pufa (OR 1,89; IC95% 1,45-2,46) apresentaram maiores chances de relatar problemas para dormir devido a razões dentárias. Conclusões: Aproximadamente, um terço das crianças apresentou problemas para dormir devido a razões dentárias. Cárie dentária não tratada e suas consequências clínicas foram associadas a problemas autorrelatados para dormir por motivos dentários em escolares.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems and its association with oral conditions in schoolchildren. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample of 1,589 schoolchildren aged 8-10 years enrolled in public schools from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Non-clinical data included a questionnaire about socioeconomic indicators answered by parents/guardians. Children were questioned about whether they had trouble sleeping due to dental problems and about previous history of toothache. Clinical oral examinations were performed to evaluate dental caries - Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT/dmft index) and its clinical consequences [PUFA/pufa index: considering the presence of pulpal involvement (P/p); ulceration of tissues due to tooth fragments from decayed crowns (U/u); fistula (F/f); and abscesses (A/a), and traumatic dental injuries (TDI)]. We conducted a descriptive analysis and used adjusted logistic regression models (p<0.05; 95%CI). Results: The prevalence of trouble sleeping due to dental problems was 28%. Children with untreated dental caries (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.05-1.67) and clinical consequences from the PUFA/pufa index (OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.45-2.46) had higher chances of reporting trouble sleeping due to dental problems. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of the children declared having trouble sleeping due to dental problems. Untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences were associated with self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems in schoolchildren.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre a percepção dos cuidadores sobre a saúde bucal das crianças e características sociodemográficas, relato de dor dentária e condições clínicas bucais. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 570 crianças de dois a cinco anos matriculadas em pré-escolas públicas e seus cuidadores. Os dados referentes à percepção do estado de saúde bucal nas crianças, características sociodemográficas e dor dentária foram coletados por meio de um questionário. Três examinadores (Kappa>0,7) avaliaram o estado de saúde bucal das crianças usando o índice ceo-d, o índice PUFA e a classificação de Andreasen para traumatismo dentário (TD). A ocorrência de mordida aberta e overjet também foi investigada. Análise descritiva e regressão logística não ajustada e ajustada foram realizadas, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A percepção da má condição de saúde bucal nas crianças foi de 24,7%, a qual aumentou 4,92 vezes (IC95% 3,05-7,93) quando as crianças apresentaram cárie dentária e 3,78 vezes (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 1,63-8,76) quando houve consequências de cárie dentária. A percepção de saúde bucal ruim também foi associada a mordida aberta (Odds Ratio [OR] 1,98; IC95% 1,16-3,38) e TD (OR 1,68; IC95% 1,06-2,68). Não foram encontradas associações entre as percepções dos cuidadores e variáveis sociodemográficas ou overjet. Conclusões: As percepções dos cuidadores sobre a má condição de saúde bucal das crianças foram associadas à cárie dentária, suas consequências, TD e mordida aberta.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between the perception of caregivers regarding the oral health of their children and socio-demographic characteristics, report of dental pain, and clinical oral conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 570 children aged two to five years old, enrolled at public preschools, and with their caregivers. Data regarding perceptions of oral health status in children, socio-demographic characteristics, and dental pain were collected from a questionnaire. Three examiners (Kappa>0.7) evaluated children’s oral health status using the dmft index, pufa index, and the Andreasen classification for traumatic dental injury (TDI). The occurrence of open bite and overjet was also investigated. Descriptive analyses, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were used, considering a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 24.7% of children had poor oral health status, which increased 4.92-fold (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 3.05-7.93) when children had dental caries, and 3.78-fold (95%CI 1.63-8.76) when there were consequences from dental caries. The perception of poor oral health was also associated to open bite (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98; 95%CI 1.16-3.38) and TDI (OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68). No associations were found between the perception of caregivers and socio-demographic variables or overjet. Conclusions: The perception of caregivers of poor oral health in their children was associated to dental caries, its consequences, TDI, and open bite.

RESUMO Objetivos: Este trabalho avaliou a percepção dos responsáveis sobre a ansiedade odontológica das crianças e sua associação com as variáveis independentes: ansiedade odontológica dos responsáveis e o motivo para sua última consulta odontológica, fatores socioeconômicos, última visita ao dentista dos responsáveis e da criança, condição bucal da criança e tipo de procedimento odontológico realizado na consulta. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal a amostra contou com 58 crianças entre 6 e 9 anos e seus responsáveis. Os participantes foram selecionados a partir de um estudo clínico em que metade das crianças receberam fluorterapia e as outras exodontia. Os responsáveis responderam ao questionário socioeconômico e para avaliar a ansiedade odontológica e a percepção sobre a ansiedade odontológica das crianças eles responderam a Dental Anxiety Scale e a Dental Anxiety Question, respectivamente. Para avaliar a ansiedade odontológica das crianças foi aplicado o Venham Picture Test Modificado e a sua condição bucal foi verificada pelo índice CPO-D/ceo-d. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A frequência de responsáveis que perceberam a ansiedade odontológica das crianças foi de 50,9%. Entretanto, 41,4% das crianças relataram a ansiedade odontológica. Houve uma diferença significativa entre o Dental Anxiety Question e o Venham Picture Test Modificado (p = 0,002). Não houve relação entre a percepção dos responsáveis sobre a ansiedade odontológica das crianças com as demais variáveis independentes. Conclusão: Existiu uma diferença significativa entre a ansiedade odontológica das crianças e a percepção desta pelos responsáveis.

ABSTRACT Objectives: This research evaluated the caregivers’ perception on dental anxiety of their children and verified its association with independent variables: caregivers’ dental anxiety and the reason for their last dental appointment, socioeconomic factors, caregivers and children’s last dental visit, children’s oral health status, dental anxiety and kind of dental appointment. Methods: Fifty-eight children aged 6 to 9 years old and their caregivers participated in the study. For this cross-sectional study the participants were selected from a clinical study where half of the children received fluortherapy and the other half tooth extraction. The caregivers answered questions about socioeconomic status and to evaluate their dental anxiety and the perception on children’s dental anxiety they answered the Dental Anxiety Scale and Dental Anxiety Question, respectively. To evaluate children’s dental anxiety the Modified Venham Picture Test was applied and their oral health status was verified with the DMFT index. Data were analyzed with Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and Mann-Whitney’s test. Results: The frequency of the caregivers’ perception on dental anxiety of their children were 50.9%. However, 41.4% of children reported dental anxiety. There was a significant difference between Dental Anxiety Question and Modified Venham Picture Test (p=0.002). There was no relationship between caregivers’ perception on dental anxiety of their children and other independent variables. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between children’s dental anxiety and the perception of it by those caregivers.

Abstract Objective: To analyze whether demographic and socioeconomic factors can influence the OHRQoL in schoolchildren. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a representative sample of 1137 children aged 8-10 years, enrolled in public schools in Florianópolis, Brazil, was conducted. Children answered the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) quality of life questionnaire and their parents responded to socioeconomic and demographic questions. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: Higher probability of presenting a negative impact on the OHRQoL was observed in children whose skin color was non-white (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.04-1.69) and female (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.69). Children in whom the head of the family had years of schooling 9-11 (p=0.001), 5-8 (p=0.005) and ≤4 (p=0.000) were more likely to have a negative impact on the OHRQoL. CPQ8-10 domains evaluation showed that variables education, gender, skin color, and age were associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The educational level of the head of the family and the demographic characteristics of the children are associated with a negative impact on the OHRQoL.

Abstract The present study aimed to identify the scientific evidence regarding the association between crown discoloration and pulp necrosis in traumatized permanent teeth. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Lilacs/BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and grey literature. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out according to the Fowkes and Fulton guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed, and the odds ratio was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. The quality assessment of the evidence was determined for the meta-analysis outcomes using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. From 2,702 studies identified, five articles met the inclusion criteria. One among these showed no methodological soundness and was excluded from the meta-analysis, and the remaining four studies were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of traumatized permanent teeth evaluated in the meta-analysis was 367. The results showed a positive association between crown discoloration and pulp necrosis in permanent teeth. Teeth with crown discoloration showed 23 times more chance to present pulp necrosis than teeth without crown discoloration (OR 23.82 [1.25, 452.87]; p = 0.03), with a very low certainty of evidence. There is a significant association between crown discoloration and pulp necrosis of traumatized permanent teeth. Due to the very low strength of evidence according to GRADE, this result should be viewed with caution.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the oral habits, symptoms, and characteristics of some children aged 8 to 10 years that could be associated with possible sleep bruxism. A cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaires were sent to parents to obtain information on sex, age, school shift, sleep quality, parents’ perception of children’s behavior, and children’s oral habits (nail biting, object biting, and lip biting), and symptoms such as headache or earache. In addition, parents reported the frequency of sleep bruxism (no day to 7 days a week). Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed and the level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 1,554 parents of children aged 8 to 10 years participated in this study. Possible sleep bruxism was reported as mild for 65.7%, moderate for 25.3%, and severe for 9% of the children. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, boys were 79% more likely to have sleep bruxism (OR: 1.79; 95%CI 1.23–2.60) and were 2.06 more times at risk of being in the habit of lip biting (OR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.26–3.37). Children with possible severe sleep bruxism were 61% more likely to develop object biting (OR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.09–2.39), 52% more likely to have headaches (OR: 1.52; 95%CI 1.01–2.28), and 3.29 more times at risk of poor sleep quality (OR: 3.29; 95%CI 2.25–4.82). Based on the report, boys with lip and object biting habits, headaches, and poor sleep quality presented a higher chance of possible severe sleep bruxism.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do trauma dental (TD) e do comprometimento estético na qualidade de vida (QV) de pré-escolares e familiares. Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado com crianças de 2 a 5 anos em 11 pré-escolas de Florianópolis (SC), Brasil. Os pais/responsáveis preencheram a versão brasileira do questionário sobre QV Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scales (B-ECOHIS), um questionário socioeconômico e perguntas específicas sobre TD. As crianças foram examinadas por três examinadores calibrados (kappa>0,7). O TD foi avaliado de acordo com os índices adotados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), e o comprometimento estético também foi classificado. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e submetidos à análise bivariada por qui-quadrado e teste de Fisher, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Dos pré-escolares examinados, 62,5% foram diagnosticados com trauma e 15,6% com comprometimento estético, e somente 12% dos pais relatou que seus filhos apresentam impacto na QV. O TD não se associou a sexo, idade ou QV. A alteração de cor da coroa por TD relacionou-se ao comprometimento estético, e apenas este causou impacto negativo na QV (p<0,05) e se associou ao domínio limitações orais (p<0,05). Conclusões: O comprometimento estético causou impacto negativo na QV das crianças, e o trauma dental não se associou com a QV das crianças nem de suas famílias.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of dental trauma and impaired esthetics on the quality of life (QoL) of preschool children and their relatives. Methods: Study conducted with 192 children aged 2 to 5 years in 11 preschools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, South of Brazil. Parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire on quality of life (Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scales - B-ECOHIS), a socioeconomic survey, and then answered specific questions related to dental trauma. The subjects were examined by three accordant examiners (Kappa>0.7). Dental trauma was evaluated on the basis of indexes adopted by the World Health Organization, and esthetic impairment was then classified. Data were descriptively analyzed and put to bivariate analysis by chi-square and Fisher tests, with significance level at 5%. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was 62.5% with 15.6% of esthetic impairment. Almost 12% of parents reported impact on the quality of life of their children. Dental trauma was not significantly associated with gender, age or QoL. Crown color change by trauma was associated with esthetic impairment. Also esthetic impairment had a negative impact on QoL (p<0.05) and was associated with oral limitations (p<0.05). Conclusions: Esthetic impairment had a negative impact on children’s quality of life, while dental trauma was not associated to it.

Abstract An early childhood carie (ECC) is an extremely destructive form of tooth decay. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of ozone (O3), and the association of sodium fluoride (NaF) with chlorhexidine (CHX) on bacteria related to ECC. Overnight culture of the bacteria was performed. On exponential phase the suspension was adjusted (101-108 CFU/mL). A drop (10μL) of each concentration of bacteria was applied on sheep blood agar plates and treated with O3 (2, 20, 200, and 2,000 ppm); after 18 hours, recovery analysis of CFU verified the reduction of bacterial activity. For NaF-CHX, sterile 96-well plates were prepared and divided into groups: G1 (150 µL TSB); G2 (20 µL of bacteria + 25 µL CHX + 25 µL NaF); and G3 (150 µL TSB + 20 µL of bacteria + 50 µL water). The plates were verified by analysis of the optical density (0, 12, 14, 16, and 18 hours). The data from O3 test were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). For the data from NaF-CHX, the ANOVA 2-way and Bonferroni’s test (p < 0.05) were used. The number of CFU/mL showed death > 3log10 (99.9%) for all bacteria (ozone ≥ 20ppm), while the combination of NaF-CHX was more effective (p < 0.001) compared to each substance tested alone and the control group. The antimicrobial agents tested were able to inhibit all bacteria tested; O3 seemed to be a good alternative for controlling progression of carious lesions, while the association of NaF-CHX showed to be a good antimicrobial with easy and inexpensive application.

Objective: Several studies support the hypothesis that metabolism impairment is involved in the pathophysiology of depression and that some antidepressants act by modulating brain energy metabolism. Thus, we evaluated the activity of Krebs cycle enzymes, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and creatine kinase in the brain of rats subjected to prolonged administration of fluvoxamine. Methods: Wistar rats received daily administration of fluvoxamine in saline (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg) for 14 days. Twelve hours after the last administration, rats were killed by decapitation and the prefrontal cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum were rapidly isolated. Results: The activities of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and complexes I, II-III, and IV were decreased after prolonged administration of fluvoxamine in rats. However, the activities of complex II, succinate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were increased. Conclusions: Alterations in activity of energy metabolism enzymes were observed in most brain areas analyzed. Thus, we suggest that the decrease in citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and complexes I, II-III, and IV can be related to adverse effects of pharmacotherapy, but long-term molecular adaptations cannot be ruled out. In addition, we demonstrated that these changes varied according to brain structure or biochemical analysis and were not dose-dependent.

Objectives: Fenproporex is an amphetamine-based anorectic which is rapidly converted into amphetamine in vivo. Na+, K+-ATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme necessary to maintain neuronal excitability. Considering that the effects of fenproporex on brain metabolism are poorly known and that Na+, K+-ATPase is essential for normal brain function, this study sought to evaluate the effect of this drug on Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum of young rats. Methods: Young male Wistar rats received a single injection of fenproporex (6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or polysorbate 80 (control group). Two hours after the last injection, the rats were killed by decapitation and the brain was removed for evaluation of Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Results: Fenproporex decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the striatum of young rats at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg and increased enzyme activity in the hypothalamus at the same doses. Na+, K+-ATPase activity was not affected in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Conclusion: Fenproporex administration decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the striatum even in low doses. However, in the hypothalamus, Na+, K+-ATPase activity was increased. Changes in this enzyme might be the result of the effects of fenproporex on neuronal excitability.