BACKGROUND The immunological response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and immunisation is variable. OBJECTIVES To describe the humoral immune response by correlating IgA and IgG antibodies with NAbs titration following CoronaVac® immunisation and an mRNA (Comirnaty®) booster among healthcare workers (HCWs) and to compare the cytokine and interleukin profiles between HCWs vaccinated with CoronaVac and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients. METHODS Samples from 133 HCWs collected at 20 (T1) and 90 (T2) days after CoronaVac immunisation and 15 (T3) days after a booster dose with the Comirnaty vaccine were analysed for IgA and IgG EIA and neutralisation assay. Cytokine levels from vaccinated individuals at T1 day and COVID-19 patients were compared. FINDINGS Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) were observed in 81.7% of participants at T1, but only 49.2% maintained detectable NAbs after 90 days. The booster dose increased NAbs response in all participants. The cytokines with the highest levels post-vaccination were IL-6 and MCP-1. The MCP-1, IL-18, and IFN- γ levels were higher in COVID-19 patients than in vaccinated HCWs, while IL-22 levels increased in the vaccinated HCWs group. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The neutralisation titres in the T2 samples decreased, and antibody levels detected at T2 showed a more significant reduction than the neutralisation. The higher IL-22 expression in immunised individuals compared to those with COVID-19 suggests that IL-22 may be beneficial in protecting against severe disease. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 variable Comirnaty® (Comirnaty® (HCWs 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 13 T (T1 9 (T2 1 T3 (T3 assay COVID-1 (NAbs 817 81 7 81.7 492 49 49.2 postvaccination post vaccination IL6 IL 6 IL- MCP1. MCP1 MCP 1. MCP-1 MCP1, 1, IL18, IL18 18, 18 IL-18 IFN IL22 22 IL-2 group decreased (SARS-CoV- (Comirnaty COVID1 (COVID-1 (T COVID- 8 81. 4 49. MCP- IL1 IL-1 IL2 (SARS-CoV (COVID- (COVID

Abstract This article presents the aggregated radiocarbon dating currently available for the Brazilian archaeological context and resulting analysis. To organize this information, we constructed an open-access database that is currently available online at Brazilian Radiocarbon Database (2021). The procedures utilized in building this database are presented, along with resulting difficulties and solutions and a summary of the data obtained thus far. Based on this foundation, we highlight methodological issues that affect the current configuration of the data and propose ways to refine the chronological framework available for Brazilian archaeology. analysis information openaccess open access 2021. 2021 . (2021) presented far foundation archaeology 202 (2021 20 (202 2 (20 (2 (

Resumo Neste artigo, apresentamos a construção e os resultados de pesquisa realizada sobre as datações radiocarbônicas atualmente disponíveis para o contexto arqueológico brasileiro. Para organizar estas informações, construímos um banco de dados que se encontra hoje disponível para acesso aberto em Brazilian Radiocarbon Database (2021). Ao longo do artigo, explicitamos o procedimento adotado para construção do banco de dados, exploramos as dificuldades e soluções adotadas e apresentamos uma síntese dos dados obtidos até o momento. Com base nesta exposição, ressaltamos questões de ordem metodológica que influenciam a configuração atual dos dados e apresentamos propostas no sentido de aprimorar o conjunto de informações necessárias para ampliar o quadro cronológico disponível para a arqueologia brasileira. artigo brasileiro 2021. 2021 . (2021) momento exposição brasileira 202 (2021 20 (202 2 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Upper respiratory samples from 1077 HCWs were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from June 16, 2020 to December 9, 2020. RESULTS: Overall, 32.7% of HCWs were infected. The positivity rates in symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs were 39.2% and 15.9%, respectively. Hospital departments categorized as high-risk for exposure had the highest number of infected HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and isolation of infected HCWs remain key in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission because HCWs in close contact with COVID-19 patients are more likely to be infected than those who are not.

Resumo Neste texto, discutimos o tema do povoamento inicial da América como uma narrativa – mais do que sítios, datas e artefatos, são analisados os discursos construídos a partir destes ‘dados’. Esta proposta baseia-se em uma perspectiva da Arqueologia que enfatiza a dinâmica social envolvida na construção do passado. Um dos pontos discutidos envolve a desconstrução da dicotomia entre ‘história x pré-história’ nas Américas. Essa discussão baseia-se em propostas relacionadas à ideia de ‘tempo profundo’ e ‘história profunda’, como já vem sendo discutido por historiadores, arqueólogos e antropólogos em outros países. Além de uma discussão conceitual sobre a construção dessas narrativas, propomos uma reflexão tambémsobre aspectos metodológicos vinculados à pesquisa de contextos relacionados aos momentos iniciais de entrada de pessoas nas Américas. Por fim, sugerimos alguns pontos para reflexão no sentido de construirmos uma História Antigadas Américas que incorpore diferentes formas de narrativa e temporalidades, cuja construção envolveria posições mais simétricas entre os diversos grupos que compõem essa história.

Abstract This text discusses the topic of the early peopling of the Americas as a narrative which extends beyond sites, dates, and artifacts to analyze the discourses constructed from these ‘data.’ This proposal is based on an archaeological perspective that emphasizes the social dynamics involved in constructing the past. One of the points discussed involves deconstructingthe dichotomy between history and prehistory in the Americas; this discussion is based on proposals related to the ideas of deep time and deep history which have already been discussed by historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists in othercountries. In addition to a conceptual discussion about the construction of these narratives, we also suggest reflection on methodological aspects of research on contexts related to the times when people initially entered the Americas. Finally,we suggest some points for consideration with regard to constructing an ancient history of the Americas that incorporates different forms of narrative and temporalities which would involve more symmetrical positions for the different groups comprising this history in its construction.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma síntese do contexto arqueológico do Alto Vale do Itajaí do Sul, área serrana localizada entre o litoral e o planalto de Santa Catarina, a partir de uma revisão na literatura arqueológica e de dados obtidos em atividades de campo. Há mais de uma centena de sítios arqueológicos nesta área, indicando grande diversidade em termos de implantação, de conjunto artefatual, de cronologia e de associação cultural. A partir de uma comparação entre o contexto arqueológico desta área com áreas adjacentes, procuramos inserir a região do Alto Vale do Itajaí nas discussões mais amplas sobre processo de ocupação do Brasil meridional.

Abstract This paper presents a summary of the archaeological context in the Upper Itajaí do Sul Valley, an area located between the coast and the Santa Catarina plateau, based on a review of archaeological literature and data obtained from field activities. There are more than a hundred archeological sites in this area, suggesting great diversity in terms of settlement, artifact assemblages, chronology, and cultural association. By comparing the archaeological context of this area with adjacent areas, an attempt is made to insert the Upper Itajaí do Sul Valley into broader discussions about the occupation process of southern Brazil.

O povoamento inicial da América do Sul não foi um processo homogêneo. Em termos cronológicos, as evidências apontam para a ocupação de diversas regiões já em fins do Pleistoceno e início do Holoceno, com datas anteriores ou ao menos contemporâneas ao Horizonte Clóvis na América do Norte. Entre doze mil e oito mil anos ap o leste da América do Sul já se encontrava ocupado por uma população estável de caçadores-coletores, caracterizada por diversificadas estratégias de adaptação aos processos de transformação das paisagens Holocênicas. Neste texto apresentamos uma hipótese segundo a qual esse contexto pode ser mais bem entendido se concebermos que o processo de povoamento das Terras Baixas Sul-Americanas incorporou os vales dos grandes rios como rotas para o interior do continente. Nossa intenção é realçar o potencial do contexto arqueológico brasileiro para construção e teste de hipóteses que contribuam para a discussão sobre o processo de povoamento da América do Sul.

The initial colonization of South American Lowlands was not a homogeneous process, neither in chronological, nor in spatial or cultural terms, and different regions were not occupied simultaneously and under the same dynamic. In chronological terms the available data are indicating to an occupation for different regions during Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene, showing dates that were ancient or t least contempoaneous to Clovis Horizon in North America. Between 12,000 and 8,000 14C yrs BP, Eastern South American lowlands was occupied by a stable population of hunter-gatherers characterized by diversified adaptative strategies to the processes of Holocenic landscape transformation. In this paper we present an hypothesis arguing that this context could be better understood if we conceive that the peopling process of lowland South America have incorporated that valley of principal Rivers as routes to the continental inland. Our intention is to highlight the brazilian archaeological context potential to build and test hypothesis that could contribute to the discussion about peopling process of South America.