RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-demográficas y los requerimientos ventilatorios en sujetos con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) que ingresaron a un centro de desvinculación de ventilación mecánica y rehabilitación (CDVMR). Los objetivos secundarios fueron analizar el tiempo de sobrevida dentro del CDVMR y describir su condición al egreso. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron sujetos mayores de 18 años que ingresaron entre el 1 de enero de 2016 y el 30 de marzo de 2023. Se describieron sus características clínico-demográficas y se realizó un análisis de sobrevida en función del tiempo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 sujetos. El 84,8 % de los sujetos presentaban traqueostomía y ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI), mientras que 5 presentaban ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI). Cuatro sujetos lograron una desvinculación parcial, y ninguno con VMNI requirió una vía aérea artificial. Doce sujetos (41,4 %) lograron fonación a fuga y 9 (27,3 %) recibieron alimentación terapéutica. La estadía fue de 174 días (57-319), y la mediana de tiempo de sobrevida fue de 254 días (IC 95 % 89-344). Conclusión: Los sujetos con ELA que ingresaron a los CDVMR fueron, en su mayoría, traqueostomizados, requirieron VMI y estaban postrados al ingreso. Además, tuvieron estadías prolongadas, con objetivos que generalmente no se centraron en la desvinculación de la ventilación mecánica. No obstante, fue posible trabajar otros aspectos que mejoran su vida diaria, como la fonación con ventilación a fuga y la alimentación oral recreativa.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical-demographic characteristics and ventilatory requirements in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) admitted to a weaning and rehabilitation center (WRC). The secondary objectives were to analyze survival time within the WRC and describe their condition at discharge. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted. Subjects over 18 years of age admitted between January 1, 2016, and March 30, 2023, were included. Clinical-demographic characteristics were described, and a time-based survival analysis was performed. Results: Thirty-three subjects were included. Of these, 84.8 % had a tracheostomy and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), while 5 had non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV). Four subjects achieved partial weaning, and no subject with NIMV required an artificial airway. Twelve subjects (41.4 %) achieved leak speech, and 9 (27.3 %) received therapeutic feeding. The length of stay was 174 days (57-319), and the median survival time was 254 days (95 % CI 89-344). Conclusion: Subjects with ALS admitted to the CDVMR were mostly tracheostomized, required IMV, and were bedridden upon admission. Additionally, they had prolonged stays, with goals that generally did not focus on weaning from mechanical ventilation. However, it was possible to work on other aspects that improve their daily life, such as phonation with leak ventilation and recreational oral feeding.

Resumo Estudos anatômicos da lâmina foliar têm sido usados para complementar os dados morfológicos e ajudar na circunscrição taxonômica em Arecaceae. A palmeira híbrida ×Butyagrus nabonnandii é o resultado de cruzamento natural entre Butia odorata e Syagrus romanzoffiana. Objetivou-se verificar se a anatomia foliar pode ajudar na identificação do híbrido, bem como diferenciá-lo dos taxa parentais, ajudando em possíveis dúvidas sobre a identificação taxonômica envolvendo esses três taxa. Amostras da porção mediana de pinas foram coletadas e sujeitas a técnicas usuais para microscopia óptica. Três regiões da pina foram amostradas: margem, região intermediária e nervura mediana. O arranjo das fibras e feixes vasculares foram os principais caracteres considerados. A anatomia da pina provou ser útil na identificação de ×B. nabonnandii, porque mostrou um padrão distinto, demonstrando a importância da anatomia foliar na diferenciação do híbrido dos taxa parentais. A anatomia do híbrido revelou uma combinação de caracteres de ambos os parentais, da mesma maneira como é observado na morfologia externa. Arecaceae Butyagrus romanzoffiana Objetivouse Objetivou diferenciálo diferenciá lo parentais óptica amostradas margem considerados B ×B distinto externa

Abstract Anatomical studies of the leaf blade have been used to complement the morphological data and aid circumscription and identification in Arecaceae. The hybrid palm ×Butyagrus nabonnandii results from the natural cross between Butia odorata and Syagrus romanzoffiana. This study aimed to verify if the leaf anatomy can help identify the hybrid and differentiate it from the parental taxa. Samples from the middle portion of the pinnae were collected and subjected to the usual techniques for light microscopy. Three portions of the pinnae were sampled: margin, intermediate region, and midrib. The main characteristics considered were the arrangement of fibre and vascular bundles. Pinnae anatomy proved to be useful in the identification of ×B. nabonnandii, because it showed a distinctive pattern, highlighting the importance of leaf anatomy in differentiating the hybrid from parental taxa. The pinnae anatomy of the hybrid was a combination of parental taxa’s characters, similar to the external morphology. Arecaceae Butyagrus romanzoffiana taxa microscopy sampled margin region midrib bundles B ×B pattern taxas s characters morphology

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar métodos de amostragem de insetos-praga em grãos de trigo (Triticum aestivum) armazenados a granel. Os dados foram coletados em três safras agrícolas (2012, 2016 e 2020), 90 dias após o expurgo, em 10 repetições. Foram avaliados três tratamentos: armadilhas de queda, sonda manual e sonda pneumática. Em todo o período avaliado, a sonda manual apresenta desempenho inferior na amostragem de insetos-praga vivos. A sonda pneumática é mais eficiente na coleta de caruncho (Sitophilus zeamais), e a armadilha de queda, na captura de besouro-dos-grãos (Cryptolestes ferrugineus). insetospraga insetos praga Triticum aestivum granel 2012, 2012 (2012 201 2020, 2020 , 2020) 9 expurgo 1 repetições tratamentos queda avaliado vivos Sitophilus zeamais, zeamais zeamais) besourodosgrãos besouro dos Cryptolestes ferrugineus. ferrugineus . ferrugineus) (201 20 202 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract The objective of this work was to compare methods of sampling insect pests in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains stored in bulk. The data were collected in three agricultural seasons (2012, 2016, and 2020), 90 days after phosphine fumigation, in 10 replicates. Three treatments were evaluated: pitfall traps, manual probe, and pneumatic probe. During the entire evaluation period, the manual probe showed an inferior performance in sampling live insect pests. The pneumatic probe is more efficient for the collection of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais), and the pitfall trap, for capturing the rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus). Triticum aestivum bulk 2012, 2012 (2012 2016 2020, 2020 , 2020) 9 fumigation 1 replicates evaluated traps period Sitophilus zeamais, zeamais zeamais) trap Cryptolestes ferrugineus. ferrugineus . ferrugineus) 201 (201 202 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo O gênero Tibouchina apresenta aproximadamente 350 espécies, dentre elas, Tibouchina affinis fothergillae, Tibouchina heteromalla, Tibouchina moricandiana var. vinaceae e Tibouchina sellowiana. Por se tratarem de espécies nativas do Brasil, podem ser utilizadas para revegetação de áreas antropizadas, devido à característica pioneira. A presente pesquisa objetivou estudar a propagação vegetativa via miniestaquia, utilizando ácido indol butírico (AIB) e ácido fúlvico (AF), bem como realizar determinações bioquímicas e quantificar a produtividade de minicepas destas espécies. Os propágulos foram coletados de um minijardim clonal, nos meses de abril, junho, setembro e novembro/2017, confeccionados com 5+1 cm de comprimento, corte em bisel na base e reto no ápice, mantendo-se um par de folhas reduzidas à metade. As bases das miniestacas foram submetidas aos tratamentos: 0 mg L-1AIB/AF, 2000 mg L-1AIB, 2000 mg L-1AF e 2000 mg L-1AIB+AF. O experimento foi instalado utilizando-se tubetes de 53 cm³ com vermiculita, avaliados após 33 dias de permanência em casa de vegetação, considerando-se a porcentagem de enraizamento das miniestacas. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial de 4x4 (quatro épocas de coleta x quatro tratamentos), conduzido individualmente/espécie. As espécies não responderam aos tratamentos com AIB/AF. Nas diferentes épocas de coleta dos propágulos, o enraizamento foi superior a 95% para todas as espécies em abril, setembro e novembro, exceto para Tibouchina sellowiana com 49% de enraizamento no mês de novembro, demonstrando o efeito direto das condições ambientais as quais as plantas matrizes estavam sujeitas, sob a rizogênese. Conclui-se que não há necessidade da aplicação de AIB/AF para a propagação vegetativa das diferentes espécies de Tibouchina, sendo viável o uso da técnica de miniestaquia. Visando a maior produtividade de miniestacas, recomenda-se coletar os propágulos em abril para Tibouchina affinis fothergillae e Tibouchina moricandiana var. vinaceae, em novembro para Tibouchina heteromalla e em junho para Tibouchina sellowiana.

Abstract Tibouchina gene showed approximately 350 species, among these, Tibouchina affinis fothergillae, Tibouchina heteromalla, Tibouchina moricandiana var. vinaceae, Tibouchina sellowiana, are native species of Brazil, were used for revegetation in anthropized areas, due to the pioneerinh chacacteristic. The present research aimed to study rhizogenic from the technique of plant propagation by minicutting with the use of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and fulvic acid (FA), biochemical determinations, in addition to the ministumps production. The minicuttings were sampled in april, june, september and november and prepared with 5+1 cm length, bevel cut at the base and straight in the apical portion, keeping two leaves reduced to half. The bases of the minicuttings were to put to different treatments: 0 mg L-1 IBA/FA, 2000 mg L-1 IBA, 2000 mg L-1 FA and 2000 mg L-1 IBA+FA. The installation was in tubes with 53 cm3 with vermiculite, evaluating after 33 days of stay in the greenhouse, analyzed the rooting percentage of minicutting. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial of 4x4 (4 sample x 4 treatments). Rooting was greater than 95% for all species in the samples held in april, september and november, except to Tibouchina sellowiana with 49% of rooting in the month of November, showing the direct effect of the environment under the rizogenic. Concluded was unnecessary supplementation with exogenous IBA and FA for technical minicutting of different Tibouchina species. The production of minicutting was viable in april for Tibouchina affinis fothergillae and Tibouchina moricandiana var. vinaceae, in november Tibouchina heteromalla and june Tibouchina sellowiana.

ABSTRACT We aimed to verify the morphophysiological changes in jaboticaba tree (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) saplings under shade gradient to improve knowledge on the appropriate light environmental conditions for the saplings production and field homogeneous or intercropping cultivation of this species. The saplings were grown under full sun and artificial shade levels (30%, 50%, and 80%). Growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf anatomy characters were evaluated. Our results showed that jaboticaba tree saplings growth was improved under full sun and 30% of shade. Under 50% and 80% shade the saplings demonstrate phenotypic plasticity, such as larger and thinner leaves. Chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and quantum yield of photosystem II were higher under higher shade level, but the CO2 assimilation rate was not different between light conditions. These changes are typically found in shade-tolerant plants and is related to perform photosynthesis more efficiently in highly variable light conditions. Despite that, we recommend that cultivation be carried out under full sun or up to 30% shade to maximize jaboticaba tree saplings growth in nurseries and orchards.

Abstract Plinia cauliflora is an important Brazilian species that produces highly appreciated fruits, with a great potential of commercialization. However, the high cost of seedlings is a bottleneck for the expansion of commercial orchards. The present study aimed to investigate somatic embryogenesis as a propagation method for P. cauliflora using seeds as explants. To induce embryogenic mass (EM) and somatic embryo (SE) development we evaluated the supplementation of culture medium with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), combined or not with activated charcoal (AC). For the embryo maturation, we investigated the effects of AC, polyethylene glycol (PEG), Gelzan®, 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellin supplementation. For the EM induction, the best results were obtained in MS culture medium supplemented with 300 μM 2,4-D and 1 g L-1 AC. During the first maturation phase, the supplementation of 30 g L-1 PEG improved the somatic embryo formation at the torpedo and cotyledonary stages, whereas the maturation treatments did not result in the conversion of the embryos into plantlets. The anatomical analysis showed that the 2,4-D presence for 60 days may have been deleterious for embryonic development. These results represent the first report of P. cauliflora somatic embryogenesis and its feasibility for mass propagation. fruits commercialization However orchards P explants (EM SE (SE 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic 24dichlorophenoxyacetic dichlorophenoxyacetic 2,4 2 4 2,4D, 24D D , (2,4-D) AC . (AC) PEG, (PEG) Gelzan Gelzan® 6benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine 6 induction 2,4D L1 L L- phase 3 stages plantlets 4dichlorophenoxyacetic 24 2, 4D (2,4-D (AC (PEG

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of life support limitation (LSL) in patients who died after at least 24 h of a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay, parent participation and to describe how this type of care is delivered. Methods: Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary PICU at a university hospital in Brazil. All patients aged 1 month to 18 years who died were eligible for inclusion. The exclusion criteria were those brain death and death within 24 h of admission. Results: 53 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of a LSL report was 45.3%. Out of 24 patients with a report of LSL on their medical records only 1 did not have a donot-resuscitate order. Half of the patients with a report of LSL had life support withdrawn. The length of their PICU stay, age, presence of parents at the time of death, and severity on admission, calculated by the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2, were higher in patients with a report of LSL. Compared with other historical cohorts, there was a clear increase in the prevalence of LSL and, most importantly, a change in how limitations are carried out, with a high prevalence of parental participation and an increase in withdrawal of life support. Conclusions: LSLs were associated with older and more severely ill patients, with a high prevalence of family participation in this process. The historical comparison showed an increase in LSL and in the withdrawal of life support.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the prognostic performance of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2), ferritin, lactate, C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocytes, alone and in combination, in pediatric patients with sepsis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a PICU in Brazil. All patients aged 6 months to 18 years admitted with a diagnosis of sepsis were eligible for inclusion. Those with ferritin and C-reactive protein measured within 48 h and lactate and leukocytes within 24 h of admission were included in the prognostic performance analysis. Results Of 350 eligible patients with sepsis, 294 had undergone all measurements required for analysis and were included in the study. PIM2, ferritin, lactate, and CRP had good discriminatory power for mortality, with PIM2 and ferritin being superior to CRP. The cutoff values for PIM2 (> 14%), ferritin (> 135 ng/mL), lactate (> 1.7 mmol/L), and CRP (> 6.7 mg/mL) were associated with mortality. The combination of ferritin, lactate, and CRP had a positive predictive value of 43% for mortality, similar to that of PIM2 alone (38.6%). The combined use of the three biomarkers plus PIM2 increased the positive predictive value to 76% and accuracy to 0.945. Conclusions PIM2, ferritin, lactate, and CRP alone showed good prognostic performance for mortality in pediatric patients older than 6 months with sepsis. When combined, they were able to predict death in three-fourths of the patients with sepsis. Total leukocyte count was not useful as a prognostic marker.

Resumo: Em um processo de fluxo múltiplo (MSP) um produto é fabricado em vários fluxos em paralelo. A ferramenta tradicional para o monitoramento de MSPs é o gráfico de controle de grupo (GCG), que não leva em conta que tipicamente o valor da característica de qualidade em cada fluxo é a soma de um componente comum a todos os fluxos e um componente individual, do fluxo particular. Isso pode tornar o GCG ineficaz na detecção de mudanças na média de fluxos individuais. Com base neste modelo de dois componentes, propomos um GCG da média móvel ponderada exponencialmente (EWMA) para monitorar as médias dos componentes individuais dos fluxos. Otimizamos seu projeto (minimizando o ARL para determinados deslocamentos na média de um fluxo) e comparamos seus ARLs com os de outros gráficos destinados a MSPs de dois componentes. Para essa comparação, precisávamos obter os projetos ótimos também desses gráficos anteriores, que não estavam disponíveis na literatura; essa é uma contribuição adicional do nosso trabalho. Os ARLs dos gráficos foram obtidos por simulação, com um número de corridas suficientemente grande para garantir a precisão dos resultados. Estes mostram que o gráfico proposto supera os anteriores, tornando-se recomendado para o controle de MSPs.

Abstract: In a multiple stream process (MSP) a product is manufactured in a number of streams in parallel. The traditional tool for monitoring MSPs, the group control chart (GCC), does not take into account that typically the value of the quality variable in each stream is the sum of a component common to all streams and an individual component, of the particular stream. This may render the GCC ineffective in detecting shifts in the mean of individual streams. Based on this two-components model, we propose an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) GCC to monitor the means of the individual streams components. We optimize its design (minimizing the ARL for given shifts in the mean of a stream) and compare their ARLs with the ones of other existing charts devised for two-components MSPs. For this comparison, we needed to obtain optimal designs of these previous charts too, which were not available in the literature; this is an additional contribution of our work. The ARLs of the charts were obtained by simulation, with a number of runs sufficiently large to ensure precise results. The results show that the proposed chart outperforms the previous ones, becoming thus recommended for the statistical control of MSPs.

ABSTRACT. Grafting is an alternative method for the early production of Araucaria angustifolia seeds, and welding quality is essential for the success of the technique. The objective of this study was to create a classification of welding quality to estimate the percentage of scion survival. The patch and flute grafting techniques were used in a greenhouse and in the field. Survival was evaluated 270 days after grafting (DAG). At 60 DAG, observations of the graft connection region were made with the naked eye, classifying the connections into four welding classes. After 160 DAG, transverse cuts were performed on each class and visually and anatomically evaluated. Flute grafting presented higher initial survival (79%), but at 180 DAG, the survival rate of both techniques was similar (48% for flute and 41% for patch). There was greater scion survival for the class that had only two regions in contact with discontinuity in the bark. Stabilization of survival occurred after 180 DAG, regardless of the welding class. Visually, there were differences in welding quality; however, anatomically, all classes presented vascular connections. The visual welding quality assessment underestimated the percentage of scion survival. However, the vascular connection and development of parenchymatous tissue are promising for diagnosing grafting success.

ABSTRACT. Plinia peruviana is a species that is native to Brazil and is important due to the taste and medicinal properties of its fruits. Young leaves and split mature seeds were used as explants to initiate somatic embryogenesis to obtain a large number of plants in a short period of time. Leaf discs were cultured in MS medium containing various concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid). In the case of the mature seeds, various concentrations of glutamine, 2,4-D and a combination of auxin and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) were tested for somatic embryogenesis induction. For somatic embryo maturation, several concentrations of PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol; up to 90 g L-1) were tested. After 60 days of culture using leaf discs, callus formation occurred in all treatments, with the highest averages obtained with 10 μM 2,4-D. However, these calluses did not form somatic embryos. For the cultured seeds, the best treatment was the MS medium with 1,000 mg L-1 glutamine and 10 μM 2,4-D without BAP. The supplementation of 60 g L-1 PEG 6000 was sufficient to promote the maturation of the somatic embryos. Histological analyses of the calluses that were formed from leaf discs showed nonembryogenic characteristics. In contrast, the calluses that originated from mature seeds had small and round cells with little vacuolation, which are characteristics of embryogenic structures.

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform a situational diagnosis of the behavior of health professionals concerning hand hygiene practices in highly-complex sectors. Methods: this quantitative and retrospective study was based on reports (2016 and 2017) of Adult and Pediatric ICUs of a Federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Results: one thousand two hundred fifty-eight opportunities for hand hygiene were analysed. The chance of professionals sanitizing hands in Pediatric ICUs is 41.61% higher than in Adult ICUs. Concerning proper hand hygiene, the medical team had a 39.44% lower chance than the nursing team. Others had a 30.62% lower chance when compared to the nursing team. The moment “after contact with the patient” presented 4.5275 times the chance in relation “before contact with the patient”. Conclusion: in front of hand hygiene recommendations to control COVID-19, diagnostic assessment and previous analysis of the behavior of professionals proved to be positive.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar un diagnóstico situacional del comportamiento de los profesionales de la salud con respecto a las prácticas de higiene de manos en sectores altamente complejos. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, basado en informes (años 2016 y 2017) de los sectores de UCI Adultos y Pediátricos de un hospital federal en Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: se analizaron 1.258 oportunidades de higiene de manos. La posibilidad de un lavado de manos profesional en la UCI Pediátrica es 41.61% mayor que en la UCI Adultos. Con respecto a la higiene de las manos, el equipo médico tuvo una probabilidad 39.44% menor que el equipo de enfermería y otros tuvieron una probabilidad 30.62% menor en comparación con el equipo de enfermería. El momento “después del contacto con el paciente” fue 4.5275 veces mayor que “antes del contacto con el paciente”. Conclusión: contra la recomendación de higiene de manos en el control de COVID-19, la evaluación diagnóstica y el análisis previo del comportamiento de los profesionales resultaron ser positivos.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar um diagnóstico situacional do comportamento de profissionais de saúde quanto às práticas de higienização das mãos em setores de alta complexidade. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, baseado em relatórios (anos de 2016 e 2017) dos setores CTI Adulto e Pediátrico de um hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: analisaram-se 1.258 oportunidades para higiene das mãos. A chance de um profissional higienizar as mãos no CTI Pediátrico é 41,61% maior que no CTI Adulto. Quanto higienizar as mãos adequadamente, a equipe médica obteve chance 39,44% menor que a equipe de enfermagem e outros tiveram chance 30,62% menor quando comparada à equipe da enfermagem. O momento “após o contato com o paciente” apresentou 4,5275 vezes a chance em relação a “antes do contato com o paciente”. Conclusão: frente à recomendação da higiene das mãos no controle da COVID-19, avaliação diagnóstica e análise prévia do comportamento dos profissionais demonstrou ser positiva.