Abstract Glaze application on monolithic zirconia (Y-TZP) can be a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties of this material. Objective Our study evaluated the effect of glazing side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of a Y-TZP. Methodology Eighty sintered Y-TZP discs (Ø:12 mm; thickness: 1.2 mm - ISO 6872) were produced and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), according to the factors “glazing side” (control – no glazing; GT – glaze on tensile side; GC – glaze on compression side; GTC – glaze on both sides) and “mechanical aging” (non-aged and aged, A – mechanical cycling: 1.2×106, 84 N, 3 Hz, under water at 37°C). Specimens were subjected to BFS test (1 mm/min; 1,000 Kgf load cell) and fractured surfaces were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM. Hsueh’s rigorous solutions were used to estimate the stress at failure of glazed specimens. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test (5%), and Weibull analysis were performed. Results The “glazing side”, “mechanical aging” and the interaction of the factors were significant (p<0.05). Groups GC (1157.9±146.9 MPa), GT (1156.1±195.3 MPa), GTC (986.0±187.4 MPa) and GTC-A (1131.9±128.9 MPa) presented higher BFS than control groups (Tukey, 5%). Hsueh’s rigorous solutions showed that the maximum tensile stress was presented in the bottom of zirconia layer, at the zirconia/glaze interface. Weibull characteristic strength (σo) of the GC was higher than all groups (p<0.05), except to GT, GTC-A and GTC, which were similar among them. The fractography showed initiation of failures from zirconia the tensile side regardless of the side of glaze application and fatigue. Conclusion Glazing zirconia applied on both tensile and compression sides improves the flexural strength of Y-TZP, regardless the mechanical aging.

Abstract Objective: This study evaluated the influence of porcelain (VM9, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany) thickness on the flexural strength and crack propagation in bilayered zirconia systems (YZ, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany). Material and Methods: Thirty zirconia bars (20.0x4.0x1.0 mm) and six zirconia blocks (12.0x7.5x1.2 mm) were prepared and veneered with porcelain with different thickness: 1 mm, 2 mm, or 3 mm. The bars of each experimental group (n=10) were subjected to four-point flexural strength testing. In each ceramic block, a Vickers indentation was created under a load of 10 kgf for 10 seconds, for the propagation of cracks. Results: The results of flexural strength were evaluated by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. The factor “thickness of the porcelain” was statistically significant (p=0.001) and the l-mm group presented the highest values of flexural strength. The cracks were predominant among the bending specimens with 1 and 2 mm of porcelain, and catastrophic failures were found in 50% of 3-mm-thick porcelain. After the indentation of blocks, the most severe defects were observed in blocks with 3-mm-thick porcelain. Conclusion: The smallest (1 mm) thickness of porcelain on the zirconia infrastructure presented higher values of flexural strength. Better resistance to defect propagation was observed near the porcelain/ zirconia interface for all groups. Higher flexural strength was found for a thinner porcelain layer in a bilayered zirconia system. The damage caused by a Vickers indentation near and far the interface with the zirconia shows that the stress profiles are different.

Enfermedades como reflujo gastroesofágico y bulimia, provocan alteraciones ácidas en la cavidad bucal que pueden causar erosión dental. El efecto de este medio ácido sobre materiales restauradores y posibles cambios en sus propiedades son poco relatado en la literatura. De esta forma, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la solubilidad y la microdureza de cerámicas feldespáticas expuestas in vitro a fluido gástrico simulado sin enzimas (pH 1,2). Fueron confeccionados 100 discos, de 8mm de diámetro y 2mm de altura, con las siguientes cerâmicas: Vitadur Alfa (I), Vita Omega 900 (II) Finesse All-Ceramic (III), IPS dSign (IV) y Carmen (V). Estos fueron divididos en tres grandes grupos según la exposición al fluido gástrico: (A) sin exposición, (B) 24 horas de exposición y (C) 7 días de exposición. La solubilidad fue evaluada por medio del pesaje en balanza digital (Metler Toledo), calculándose la cantidad de pérdida de masa (MP). El análisis de microdureza Vickers (MD) fué realizado utilizando un microdurómetro FM-700 (Future Tech). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron valores de pérdida de masa (%) de B, comparado con A, de: 0,1280(I), 0,2143(II), 0,0485(III), 0,1377(IV), 0,0824(V); y para C de: 0,1182(I), 0,2305(II), 0,0773(III), 0,1653(IV), 0,3256(V). Se observaron valores de dureza superficial para A de: 527,53(I), 531,67(II), 519,85(III), 544,72(IV), 523,72(V); para B de: 505,38(I), 529,63(II), 478,60(III), 514,91(IV); 504,97; y C de: 484,96(I), 495,61(II), 493,5(III), 482,76(IV), 488,22(V). El análisis estadístico con el test de ANOVA (p<0,05), mostró influencia del fluido gástrico tanto en la pérdida de masa como en la solubilidad de las cerámicas evaluadas.

Diseases like gastroesofagical ebb tide and bulimia, cause acid alterations in the buccal cavity that can cause dental erosion. The effect of this average acid on restoring materials and possible changes in their properties little are related in Literature. Of this form, the objective of this work was to evaluate the solubility and the micro-hardness of exposed feldespatic ceramics in vitro to simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (pH 1.2). 100 discs were made, of 8mm of diameter and 2mm of height, with the following cerâmic: Vitadur Alpha (i), Bollard Omega 900 (II) Finesse All-Ceramic (III), IPS dSign (IV) and Carmen (v). These were divided in three great groups according to the exhibition to the gastric fluid: (a) without exhibition, (b) 24 hours of exhibition and (c) 7 days of exhibition. The solubility was evaluated by means of the weigh in digital balance (Metler Toledo), calculating the amount of loss of mass (MP). The micro-hardness analysis Vickers (MD) was made using a microdurometer FM-700 (Future Tech). The obtained results showed values of loss of mass (%) of B, compared with A, of: 0,1280 (I), 0.2143 (II), 0.0485 (III), 0.1377 (IV), 0.0824 (V); and for C of: 0,1182 (I), 0.2305 (II), 0.0773 (III), 0.1653 (IV), 0.3256 (V). Values of superficial hardness were observed stops To of: 527,53 (I), 531.67 (II), 519.85 (III), 544.72 (IV), 523.72 (V); for B of: 505,38 (I), 529.63 (II), 478.60 (III), 514.91 (IV); 504,97; and C of: 484,96 (I), 495.61 (II), 493.5 (III), 482.76 (IV), 488.22 (V). The statistical analysis with the ANOVA test (p< 0.05), as much showed influence of the gastric fluid in the loss of mass like in the solubility of the evaluated ceramics.

A reposição de um elemento dentário pode ser feita por um implante osseointegrado sendo que a adaptação passiva de sua estrutura protética é um fator relevante para o sucesso deste trabalho. Um estudo comparativo foi feito entre dois métodos de confecção de prótese unitária suportada por implante. Para tanto incluímos no centro de um bloco de resina um implante rosqueado de 3.75mm de diâmetro por 10.0mm de comprimento (3i Implant innovations, Brasil) e sobre este parafusamos com torque de 20N.cm 15 pilares UCLA torneados anti-rotacionais (137CNB, Conexão Sistemas de Próteses, Brasil) sem qualquer procedimento laboratorial (grupo controle - GC). A partir de um molde de silicone, 15 componentes tipo UCLA calcináveis (56CNB, Conexão Sistemas de Próteses, Brasil) foi parafusado (20N.cm) ao implante e receberam enceramentos padrão (face vestibular plana) os quais foram fundidos em titânio (grupo fundição - GF). 15 componentes, tipo UCLA torneados em titânio (137CNB, Conexão, Sistemas de Próteses, Brasil) receberam o mesmo enceramento padrão e estes copings foram fundidos em titânio separados e soldados a laser aos respectivos pilares em seu bordo (grupo soldagem a laser- GSL). A adaptação marginal foi observada na interface implante/componente, sob microscópio de medição, no eixo y, em 4 pontos de referência na vestibular, lingual, mesial e distal previamente marcados no bloco. As médias aritméticas foram obtidas e uma análise dos dados foi feita para determinar o teste estatístico mais apropriado. Os dados estatísticos descritivos (µm) para Controle (média ± desvio padrão:13.50 ± 21.80; mediana 0.00), for Fundição (36.20 ± 12.60; 37.00), para Laser (10.50 ± 12.90; 3.00) foram submetidos ao Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, alfa = 5%. Resultados: Os testes mostraram que os valores médios de distorção diferem estatisticamente (kw = 17.40; df =2; p = 0.001<0.05). O teste Dunn's (5%) mostra diferença entre Fundição e os outros dois grupos. Conclusão: No eixo y, os menores valores de distorção foram obtidos pelo grupo soldagem a laser de bordo (GSL).

The alternative for the reposition of a missing tooth is the osteointegrated implant being the passive adaptation between the prosthodontic structure and the implant a significant factor for the success of this experiment, a comparative study was done between the two methods for confectioning a single prosthodontic supported by an implant. To do so a screwed implant with a diameter of 3.75mm and a length of 10.0mm (3i Implant innovations, Brasil) was positioned in the middle of a resin block and over it we screwed 15 UCLA abutments shaped and anti-rotationable (137CNB, Conexão Sistemas de Próteses, Brasil) with a torque of 20N.cm without any laboratorial procedure (control group - CTRLG). From a silicon model 15 UCLA-type calcinatable compounds (56CNB, Conexão Sistemas de Próteses, Brasil) were screwed (20 N.cm), received a standard waxing (plain buccal surface) and were cast in titanium (casting group - CG) and other 15 compounds, UCLA - type shaped in titanium (137 CNB, Conexão Sistemas de Próteses, Brasil) received the same standard waxing. These last copings were cast in titanium separated from each other and were laser-welded to the respective abutments on their border (Laser-welding group - LWG). The border adaptation was observed in the implant/compound interface, under measurement microscope, on the y axis, in 4 vestibular, lingual, mesial and distal referential points previously marked on the block. The arithmetical means were obtained and an exploratory data analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate statistical test. Descriptive statistics data (µm) for Control (mean±standard deviation: 13.50 ± 21.80; median 0.00), for Casting (36.20±12.60; 37.00), for Laser (10.50 ±12.90; 3.00) were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, alpha = 5%. Results test showed that distorsion median values differ statistically (kw = 17.40; df =2; p = 0.001<0.05). Dunn's (5%) test show difference between Casting and the two others. Conclusion: on the y axis, the smallest distortion values were obtained by the laser welding group.

INTRODUÇÃO: Baseados na importância da integridade da interface metal-cerâmica, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento da união metal-cerâmica de duas ligas de Co-Cr (Wirobond C, Bego; Remanium 2000, Dentaurum) combinadas com a cerâmica Omega 900 (Vita Zahnfabrik). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram confeccionados 11 corpos-de-prova cilíndricos para cada liga utilizada, sendo que a porção metálica foi obtida por fundição pela técnica da cera perdida, através de enceramentos padronizados com 4mm de altura por 4mm de diâmetro. A aplicação da cerâmica foi realizada segundo recomendações do fabricante, com auxílio de uma matriz de teflon que permitia sua padronização com as mesmas dimensões da porção metálica. Os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC), com auxílio de dispositivo desenvolvido para tal propósito, sob velocidade constante de 0,5mm/min. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: As médias de resistência obtidas foram 48,387 MPa para a liga Wirobond C, com desvio padrão de 17,718, e 55,956 MPa para a Remanium 2000, com desvio padrão de 17,198. Após análise de variância foi possível observar que não há diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores de resistência ao cisalhamento das duas ligas metalocerâmicas.

INTRODUCTION: Based on the importance of the integrity of the metal/ceramic interface, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the shear bond strength of the metal-ceramic union of two Co-Cr alloys (Wirobond C, Bego; Remanium 2000, Dentaurum) combined with Omega 900 ceramic (Vita Zahnfabrik). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eleven cylindrical matrixes were made for each alloy, and the metallic portion was obtained with the lost wax casting technique with standardized waxing of 4mm of height and of 4mm of diameter. The ceramic was applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations with the aid of a teflon matrix that allowed its dimension to be standardized in the same size as the metallic portion. The specimens were submitted to the shear bond test in an universal testing machine (EMIC), with the aid of a device developed for such intention, and constant speed of 0.5mm/min. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The mean resistance was 48.387MPa for Wirobond C alloy, with standard deviation of 17.718, and 55.956MPa for Remanium 2000, with standard deviation of 17.198. No statistically significant difference was observed between the shear strength of the two metal-ceramic alloys.

A distorção linear das próteses sobre implantes, fundidas em monobloco e fundidas em secções e soldadas a laser e por brasagem foi avaliada em um modelo de uma mandíbula edêntula com cinco análogos de pilares de implantes, paralelos entre si com distância de 10mm medidos de centro a centro. Sobre estes foram parafusados novos cilindros de ouro, com torque de 10N/cm. Então foram executadas 15 sobre-estruturas metálicas que foram divididas: GC - Adaptação passiva dos cilindros de ouro; GM - monobloco, GB - segmentos soldados por brasagem e, GL - segmentos soldados a laser. Observaram-se as estruturas fixadas com parafusos novos sob microscópio de mensuração. A medição foi realizada na vestibular direita e esquerda e da mesma forma na lingual da interface cilindro/análogo e dados anotados em tabela apropriada. Para o eixo y, a técnica de soldagem a laser (Média=12,41 e Dp=11,12) produziu menos distorção significativamente do que a técnica de brasagem (Média=23,06 e Dp=21,88) seguida pela técnica de monobloco (Média=39,83 e Dp=21,88) p=0.05. Para o eixo x, somente o grupo Monobloco apresentou diferença significativa para as demais técnicas (Média=45,66 e Dp=21,56).

The linear distortion of prostheses over implants, one-piece casting and cast in sections followed by laser welding by laser and brazing was evaluated in an edentulous mandibular model with five parallel abutments, with a distance of 10mm from center to center. Seventy five gold cylinders were tightened with screws on the abutments with 10Ncm torque. The cylinder/analogue assemblies were measured by microscopic examination (0.001mm accuracy) and the obtained results were compared with the GC (control group). Fifteen metal frames were waxed and cast in a gold alloy (Stabilor, Degussa Hulls, Brazil) and divided into three groups with five elements each, as followed: GM (one-piece casting), GB (section and brazing) and GL (section and laser welding). In all groups, measurements were taken at the right, left, buccal and lingual sides of the cylinder/analogue interface and the results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to the Tukey test (5%). The smallest amount of distortion was seen in the laser group (GL with a mean value of 13.58), followed by the brazing group (GB with a mean value of 24.33) and one-piece (GM with a mean value of 40.00). The greatest distortion was found in the one-piece group (GM).

Foram realizados estudos para avaliar a microestrutura, a dureza e a resistência à corrosão do titânio comercialmente puro-Ti c.p. soldado por laser e utilizado na confecção de prótese sobre implantes. Verificou-se que na soldagem a laser a microestrutura apresentou três regiões distintas: o cordão de solda, a zona afetada pelo calor - ZAC e o metal base. O Ti c.p. possui microestrutura granular, a microestrutura do cordão de solda é mais refinada e de maior dureza do que o metal base. A ZAC obtida por este processo de soldagem foi relativamente pequena quando comparada com o processo de soldagem por brasagem. Os ensaios eletroquímicos mostraram que a região da solda apresentou menor resistência à corrosão em meio de NaCl 0,15 molL-1 à temperatura ambiente.

This research was developed to study the microstructure, the hardness properties and corrosion resistence of the commercial pure titanium-cp Ti to be applied for prosthesis supported by implants submeted to laser welding process. In the welding area was found three different microstructure regions: the weld fusion zone, the heat afected zone - HAZ, and the base metal. The cp Ti revealed a more refined and hardness weld zone microstructure than that base metal area. The HAZ width were smaller when compared with brazing welding process. The eletrochemical experiments showed that the weld region had a lowest corrosion resistance in NaCl 0.15 molL-1 solution at room temperature.