Resumo O artigo objetiva examinar o Direito à cidadania ativa nas políticas de planejamento urbano nas cidades, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica. Partiu-se da noção das desigualdades socioespaciais existentes, a fim de reconhecer a ilusão/insuficiência do projeto de inclusão universal. Concluiu-se apontando a necessidade de instrumentos para a inclusão modal e progressiva dos grupos socialmente excluídos, atendendo suas especificidades, a partir da afirmação do direito humano à participação na gestão urbana. cidades crítica Partiuse Partiu se existentes ilusãoinsuficiência ilusão insuficiência universal Concluiuse Concluiu excluídos especificidades urbana

Abstract The article aims to examine the Right to active citizenship in urban planning policies in cities, from a critical perspective. We started from the notion of existing socio-spatial inequalities in order to recognize the illusion / insufficiency of the universal inclusion project. It was concluded that there is a need for instruments for the modal and progressive inclusion of socially excluded groups, taking into account their specificities, from the affirmation of the human right to participation in urban management. cities perspective sociospatial socio spatial project groups specificities management

RESUMO Este artigo descreve as características gerais da metodologia atual para o despacho econômico e para a formação do Preço de Liquidação de Diferenças (PLD), usado no setor elétrico brasileiro, e o compara com características gerais do que poderia ser um sistema de preços definido por ofertas em um mercado organizado. Reconhecem-se as desvantagens de ambos os sistemas. Se por um lado o sistema atual leva a ineficiências econômicas, um modelo por oferta abre espaço para manipulação de preços. No entanto, argumenta-se que o segundo é claramente superior e os perigos que comporta podem ser contornados por meio de um desenho de mercado criterioso. O desenho do mercado não é simples, portanto, é preciso atenção para que seja conduzido por especialistas. Talvez mesmo por essas dificuldades, pela estrutura atual do setor, por sua cultura e pela reticência dos agentes, o processo de mudanças pode, infelizmente, levar um tempo mais longo do que seria desejável. PLD, PLD , (PLD) brasileiro organizado Reconhecemse Reconhecem se sistemas econômicas entanto argumentase argumenta criterioso simples portanto especialistas dificuldades agentes pode infelizmente desejável (PLD

ABSTRACT This article describes the general characteristics of the current methodology for economic dispatch and the formation of the Settlement Price of Differences (PLD) used in the Brazilian electric sector, and compares it to the general characteristics of what could be a price system defined by offers in an organized market. The disadvantages of both systems are analyzed. While the current system leads to economic inefficiencies, a model based on offers creates room for price manipulation. However, it is argued that the latter is clearly superior and the dangers it poses can be overcome with careful market design. Market design is not a simple task, therefore, it requires attention so that it is carried out by experts. Perhaps due to these difficulties, the current structure of the sector, its culture, and the reluctance of agents, unfortunately, the process of change may take longer than desirable. PLD (PLD sector analyzed inefficiencies manipulation However task therefore experts difficulties culture agents unfortunately desirable

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um panorama geral de como as mídias sociais digitais influenciam o debate e algumas das principais organizações democráticas - notadamente, partidos políticos e campanhas eleitorais. Tem como objetivos específicos: i) expor o debate Acerca da essência democrática (ou não) da internet; ii) analisar fatores de risco à democracia trazidos pela digitalização das comunicações sociais; iii) estudar transformações trazidas pela internet aos partidos políticos e às campanhas eleitorais. Resultados: i) o que definirá se ainda haverá a possibilidade de algum grau democrático no uso da internet será a predominância das forças que a constroem (forças consumistas ou forças comunitárias); ii) imediatismo, falta de moderação, falta de busca por conformidades e por equilíbrio, estratégias tecnológicas anti-democráticas e colonialismo tecnológico expõem o debate democrático a grandes riscos de degradação; iii) o participacionalismo e a desintermediação são características ideológicas dos novos partidos digitalizados que, no fundo, escondem uma centralização em torno de figuras carismáticas e sem plataforma eleitoral estável e plenamente definível. Seu método de procedimento é hipotético-dedutivo, de abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental. notadamente eleitorais específicos i não ii iii Resultados comunitárias comunitárias) imediatismo moderação equilíbrio antidemocráticas anti degradação fundo definível hipotéticodedutivo, hipotéticodedutivo hipotético dedutivo, dedutivo hipotético-dedutivo bibliográficodocumental. bibliográficodocumental bibliográfico documental. documental bibliográfico-documental

Abstract This article provides an overview on how digital social media influences the debate and some of the major democratic organizations - namely political parties and electioneering campaigns. Its specific objectives are: i) to expose the debate about the democratic essence (or not) of the internet; ii) to analyze risk factors for democracy brought about by the digitization of social communications; iii) to study the transformations brought by the Internet to political parties and electoral campaigns. Results: i) what will define if there will still be the possibility of some democratic degree in the use of the internet will be the predominance of the forces (consumerist or communitarian) that build it; ii) immediacy, lack of moderation, lack of search for conformity and balance, anti-democratic technological strategies and technological colonialism expose the democratic debate to great risks of degradation; iii) participatoryism and disintermediation are ideological features of the new digitized parties that, at heart, hide a centralization around charismatic figures without a stable and fully definable electoral platform. It has a hypothetical-deductive method of procedure, qualitative approach, and bibliographic-documentary research technique. campaigns i not ii communications iii Results consumerist communitarian it immediacy moderation balance antidemocratic anti degradation heart platform hypotheticaldeductive hypothetical deductive procedure approach bibliographicdocumentary bibliographic documentary technique

ABSTRACT. The stockpiled forage canopy consists of tillers at different ages, which have specific development patterns. The objective was to understand the development of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the stockpiling period, by the morphogenic evaluation of tillers at different ages. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Three tillers ages (young, mature and old) and two periods of stockpiling (initial and final) were evaluated. The leaf appearance and elongation rates were higher in young tillers (0.05 tiller-1 day-1 and 0.62 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively), compared to old tillers (0.02 tiller leaf-1 day-1 and 0.20 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively). The final leaf length of the tillers' age groups was the same in the beginning of stockpiling. The number of live leaves was lower in the old tillers (2.4), compared to the young (3.6) and mature (4.1) ones, contrary to the stem length. The number of old tillers (800 tillers m-2) was higher than the young (299 tillers m-2) and mature ones (358 tillers m-²). The participation of different age groups of tillers in the canopy influences the development and structure of marandu palisadegrass.

RESUMEN Se evaluaron nivel de bicarbonato de sodio.- F1.- y nivel de urea.-F2.-, cada factor a dos niveles (F1 y F2: 0 y 1%) de inclusión, y su efecto sobre el consumo y digestibilidad en raciones con subproducto del proceso fermentativo de los almidones y/o de la melaza (mezcla de levaduras y material no fermentado).-LD.-, melaza y cogollo de caña para corderos. Ocho corderos mestizos (19.31±5.96 kg/animal), fueron incluidos en arreglo factorial 2x2 con diseño en cuadrado latino 4x4. Los tratamientos fueron combinación de LD (14% para T1, 13.8% para T2, T3 y T4) y melaza (26 para T1, 25.8% para T2, T3 y T4), con o sin urea y/o bicarbonato de sodio al 1% c/u., como fuente de fibra se utilizó 60% de cogollos de caña amonificado en todos los tratamientos. Oferta de raciones se ajustó gradualmente hasta 7% de MS del peso vivo (rechazo 28±8.66% de lo ofrecido), digestibilidad se determinó por colección total, durante siete días, precedidos por siete días de adaptación. Se encontraron diferencias (p<0.01) para consumo donde T2 presento mayor consumo y T4 el menor (1239 vs 1066 gMS/animal/día), la digestibilidad de la materia orgánica (p<0.01) donde T4 alcanzó 72% mientras que el T2 fue el menor con 57.35%. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad de fibra ácido detergente, fibra neutro detergente y hemicelulosa fueron diferentes (p<0.01) y los mismos fueron superiores en T1. Resultados obtenidos demostraron que T4 fue el mejor tratamiento, y el bicarbonato de sodio puede usarse eficientemente con los subproductos agroindustriales en corderos en confinamiento.

ABSTRACT Were evaluated sodium bicarbonate.-F1- and urea.-F2.- (two factors), each factor at two inclusion levels (F1 and F2: 0 and 1%), and its effect on intake and digestibility in rations with byproduct of the fermentative process of starches and / or molasses (mixture of yeast and unfermented material).-LD.-, sugarcane molasses and ammoniated sugar cane tops for lamb. Eight crossbred lamb (19.31±5.96 kg/lamb) was included in a 2x2 factorial in a 4x4 Latin square design. Treatments were combinations of LD (14% in T1, 13.8% for T2, T3 and T4) and molasses (26% in T1, 25.8% for T2, T3 and T4), with or without urea, and / or sodium bicarbonate to 1% w/u, and source of fiber were used 60 % of ammoniated sugar cane tops in all treatments. The supply of rations was gradually adjusted to 7% dry matter (DM) of body weight (28±8.66% rejection of the offer), digestibility was measured by total collection for seven days adaptation period preceded of seven day. Differences (p<0.01) for intake where intake had the highest T2 and T4 the lower (1239 vs 1066 gDM/animal/day) in the digestibility of organic matter (p<0.01) were found where T4 reached one 72% while the T2 was the lowest with 57.35%. The coefficients of digestibility of hemicelluloses, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and were different (p<0.01) and were higher in the same T1. The results showed that T4 was the best treatment, urea and sodium bicarbonate can be used effectively with agro-industrial byproducts in lambs in confinement.

Resumen Se evaluó la atenuación de compuestos secundarios en vainas de Uveda (Acacia macracantha, Am) para su uso potencial en ración para conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus mestizos California x Nueva Zelanda). Ensayo 1: arreglo factorial completamente al azar, factor temperatura de remojo (25, 45 y 65°C) y factor tiempo de remojo en agua (0, 6, 12, 24 y 48 h). Ensayo 2: se determinó consumo, digestibilidad y ganancia de peso evaluando ración basal (proteína cruda 183 g.kg-1 y NDF 467 g.kg-1, mezcla de harina de maíz y soya, heno de bermuda, aceite de soya, minerales y aminoácidos) y ración que contenía 30% de Am atenuada y cantidades variables de materias primas de basal (proteína cruda 184 g.kg-1 y NDF 511 g.kg-1). Se utilizaron 12 conejos por tratamiento (peso vivo 969±48,7 g y edad de 55 d). Después del período de adaptación de 7 días, se registró consumo de alimento y se recogieron heces de 62 a 89 días de edad. Del primer ensayo, la reducción de compuestos secundarios más efectiva fue con el remojo de vainas de Am durante 48 horas a 65°C. Las reducciones del contenido inicial fueron: 72,4% para polifenoles totales, 82,1% para fenoles simples, 63,3% para taninos totales, 90,8% para taninos condensados y 74,5% para taninos que precipitan proteínas. En el ensayo 2 la ingesta de alimento fue mayor para ración de Am (128 vs 107 g.d-1, p<0,01), con energía bruta (11,0 vs 11,7 Mj.kg-1, p<0,001) y digestibilidad de proteína bruta (66,9 vs 76,4, p<0,001) más bajas en comparación con conejos alimentados con ración basal. Por el contrario, digestibilidad de fibra fue mayor en conejos alimentados con ración Am (p<0,01). En conclusión, es factible incluir 30% de vainas Am atenuadas para conejos, sin embargo se requieren más experimentos para confirmar su efecto sobre la producción.

Abstract The attenuation of secondary compounds in Uveda pods (Acacia macracantha, Am) were evaluated for potential use in ration for rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus mestizos California x Nueva Zelanda). Test 1: a completely random factorial arrangement, soaking temperature factor (25, 45 and 65°C) and water soaking time factor (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). Test 2: consumption, digestibility and weight gain were determined by evaluating baseline ration (crude protein 183 g.kg-1 and NDF 467 g.kg-1, cornmeal and soybean mixture, Bermuda hay, soybean oil, minerals and amino acids) and serving containing 30% attenuated Am and varying amounts of basal raw materials (crude protein 184 g.kg-1 and NDF 511 g.kg-1). Twelve rabbits were used per treatment (live weight 969±48.7 g and age of 55 d). After the 7-day adaptation period, food intake was recorded and feces collected from 62 to 89 days of age. From the first trial, most effective secondary compound reduction was soaking of Am pods for 48 hours at 65°C. The initial content reductions were: 72.4% for total polyphenols, 82.1% for simple phenols, 63.3% for total tannins, 90.8% for condensed tannins and 74.5% for tannins that precipitate proteins. In trial 2: food intake was higher for Am ration (128 vs 107 g.d-1, p<0.01), with gross energy (11.0 vs. 11.7 Mj.kg-1, p<0.001) and digestibility of Crude protein (66.9 vs 76.4, p<0.001) lower compared to rabbits fed basal ration. On the contrary, fiber digestibility was higher in rabbits fed Am ration (p<0.01). In conclusion, it is feasible to include 30% of attenuated Am pods for rabbits, however more experiments are required to confirm their effect on production.

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa o perfil de estudantes de graduação em turismo de duas universidades públicas do sul do Brasil, com o objetivo de compreender as motivações que os levaram a escolher uma carreira no turismo e como eles se integram ao tecido social e se apropriam da universidade. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e predominantemente quantitativo, com foco em estudantes de graduação inscritos em diferentes tipos de carreiras: diploma de bacharelado e tecnólogo em turismo. Os dados primários sobre os alunos foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado, com perguntas relacionadas ao perfil pessoal dos alunos, sua rota de entrada nas universidades, suas motivações para estudar turismo nessas universidades e seu senso de pertencer à universidade e à cidade em geral. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise fatorial exploratória/confirmatória (E-CFA) para testar os fatores trazidos da literatura, uma análise do modelo de equações estruturais para avaliar as relações entre os fatores e as comparações médias para identificar diferenças significativas entre universidades e grupos. Os resultados confirmaram que as motivações para escolher a graduação em turismo são influenciadas pelas opiniões de outras pessoas e pela conveniência na universidade; eles também confirmaram que as motivações para a escolha do turismo como carreira influenciam a integração social e o sentimento de pertencimento acadêmico.

Abstract: This work analyzes the profiles of undergraduate students of tourism at two public universities in the south of Brazil, aiming to understand the motivations that led them to choose a career in tourism, and how they integrate themselves into the social fabric and appropriate the university as their own. It is a descriptive and predominantly quantitative study, focusing on undergraduate students enrolled in different types of career paths: a bachelor’s degree and a technologist degree (similar to an associate degree) in tourism. Primary data on the students were collected through a structured questionnaire, with questions related to the students’ personal profiles, their route of entry to the universities, their motivations for studying tourism at those universities, and their sense of belonging to the university and to the city in general. The data were analyzed using Exploratory/Confirmatory Factor Analysis (E-CFA) to test factors brought from the literature, a Structural Equation Model Analysis to assess the relationships between the factors, and mean comparisons to identify significant differences between universities and groups. The results confirmed that the motivations for choosing to major in tourism are influenced by the opinions of others and by the convenience at the university; they also confirmed that the motivations for choosing tourism as a career influence social integration and the sense of academic belongingness.

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza el perfil de estudiantes de graduación en turismo en turismo de las universidades publicas del sur de Brasil, con el objetivo de comprender las motivaciones que los llevaron a elegir una carrera de turismo y, como ellos se integran al tejido social y se apropian de la universidad. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y predominantemente cuantitativo, con foco en estudiantes de graduación inscriptos en diferentes tipos de carreras: diploma de licenciatura y tecnólogo en turismo. Los datos primarios sobre los alumnos fueron colectados por medio de un cuestionario estructurado, con preguntas relacionadas al perfil personal de los alumnos, su ruta de entrada en las universidades, sus motivaciones para estudiar turismo en esas universidades y su censo de pertenecer a la universidad y a la ciudad en general. Los datos fueron analizados por medio del análisis factorial exploratorio / confirmatorio (E-CFA) para atestiguar los factores traídos de la literatura, un análisis del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar las relaciones entre los factores y los promedios comparativos para identificar diferencias significativas entre universidades y grupos. Los resultados confirmaron que las motivaciones para elegir la graduación en turismo son influidas por las opiniones de otras personas y por la conveniencia en la universidad; ellos también confirmaron que las motivaciones para la elección en turismo como carrera influyen a la integración social y el sentimiento de perteneciente académico.

Resumo Este artigo analisa o Dilema da Persistência da Inflação de Serviços no Brasil, para o período entre agosto de 1999 e fevereiro de 2017. Para efeitos de comparação, cálculos também são feitos para o IPCA, para a inflação desagregada de bens, além de alguns itens desagregados da própria cesta de serviços. São utilizados modelos ARFIMA, assim como testes para verificação de quebras estruturais. Os resultados mostram que, a princípio, a persistência na inflação de serviços é maior que a encontrada no IPCA e nos preços de bens. No entanto, após o tratamento das quebras estruturais, a variação dos preços dos serviços se mostra antipersistente e estacionária, indicando a existência do Dilema da Persistência da Inflação de Serviços para o caso brasileiro. O mesmo comportamento se verifica para os principais itens componentes da cesta de serviços.

Abstract This article analyzes the so-called Services Inflation Persistence Puzzle in Brazil, for the period ranging from August 1999 to February 2017. As a benchmark, we also analyze the Brazilian Consumer Inflation (IPCA), non-durable, semi-durable and durable goods, as well as some items disaggregated from the basket of services. Structural break tests and ARFIMA models are used. Results show that, initially, services inflation persistence is higher than that found in goods inflation and IPCA. However, after structural breaks are accounted for, services inflation seems to be anti-persistent and stationary, indicating the existence of the Services Inflation Persistence Puzzle in Brazil. The same behavior applies to the main components of the service basket.

ABSTRACT Background: Human aplastic anemia is a hematologic disease characterized by low peripheral blood cell counts associated with reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and a hypocellular bone marrow. Thrombopoietin (THPO) regulates megakaryocytes, but it also stimulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Biallelic mutations in the THPO gene have been reported in a family with recessive inherited aplastic anemia. Methods: This study screened 83 patients diagnosed with acquired aplastic anemia and 92 paired healthy controls for germline variants in the THPO gene using Sanger sequencing. Results: Three common single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in patients and controls at comparable allele frequencies. There was no correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism carrier status and platelet counts at diagnosis. Conclusion: The presence of THPO polymorphisms is comparable between patients with acquired aplastic anemia and healthy individuals.

Abstract Empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBF) is a lignocellulosic waste generated by the palm oil agribusiness. The amount of EFBF produced is equal to the oil obtained, and it can be used as raw material to obtain biocomposites. The objective of this work is to fragment the EFBF employing pressurized fluids in a semi-continuous system to obtain different biocomposites. For this, pure water and a mixture of water/carbon dioxide were employed as solvent to obtain sugar monomers and a mixture of compressed water/ethanol (1:1 vol.) to obtain crystalline cellulose. The experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 120 to 240 ºC, using reaction times between 5 and 15 min at 60 bar, and solvent flow rate of 0.75 mL.min-1. A maximum of 30.47 mg.mL-1 of xylose was obtained at 210 ºC for 15 min of reaction with pure water as solvent. The best condition to obtain crystalline cellulose was 240 ºC for 30 minutes of reaction, obtaining 38.2% of cellulose from palm oil EFBF.

Abstract The molecular basis of anhydrobiosis, the state of suspended animation entered by some species during extreme desiccation, is still poorly understood despite a number of transcriptome and proteome studies. We therefore conducted functional screening by RNA interference (RNAi) for genes involved in anhydrobiosis in the holo-anhydrobiotic nematode Panagrolaimus superbus. A new method of survival analysis, based on staining, and proof-of-principle RNAi experiments confirmed a role for genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance, while a novel medium-scale RNAi workflow identified a further 40 anhydrobiosis-associated genes, including several involved in proteostasis, DNA repair and signal transduction pathways. This suggests that multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis in P. superbus.

Se evaluó crecimiento de alevines de Piaratus brachypomus durante 190 días, usando cuatro tratamientos con diseño completamente aleatorio y mediciones repetidas en el tiempo; seis repeticiones por tratamiento y 10 alevines/ repetición, 240 alevines, peso inicial 3,27±0,037g, longitud estándar (LS) 4,37±0,019cm, y longitud total (LT) 4,99±0,019cm. Tratamientos: T24: 34% harina de carne y hueso (HCH), 65% afrecho de arroz (PA) y 1% pre-mezcla de vitaminas y minerales (PMVM), T28: 44%HCH, 55%PA y 1%PMVM, T32: 54%HCH, 45%PA y 1%PMVM y T36: 64%HCH, 35%PA y 1%PMVM, fueron granulados húmedos (20% agua agregada) en molino para carne de 3mm de diámetro, usados secos a 60°C en estufa de aire forzado (entre 0 y 100 días de ensayo) y sin secar (entre 100 y 190 días de ensayo); tratamientos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 24 tanques de 1x2x1,1m, 1,4m³ de agua. Se ofreció alimento, base seca equivalente 10% de biomasa presente, suministrándose 50% 08:00h y 50% 17:00h. Se pesaron y midieron alevines cada 15 y 20d. En ANAVAR se encontró efecto altamente significativo (P<0,01) para tratamientos y periodo de medición (días) separando medias por prueba de LSD. En todos los periodos T36 fue superior entre los 80 y 190 días; T28 fue el segundo mejor tratamiento. Para T36 el peso a 190d fue de 243,77g; 17,72cm LS y 19,61cm LT. Estos resultados indicaron incremento en demanda de energía y menor necesidad de proteínas en alevines de más de 60d; pudiéndose reducir los costos de alimentación al incluir menos proteína animal en alimentos para terminación de alevines.

Growth was evaluated in Piaratus brachypomus fingerlings by 190d, using four treatments in a completely randomized design and repeated measurements over time, six replicates per treatment and 10 fingerlings/replicate, 240 fingerlings with initial weight 3.27±0.037g, standard length (SL) and 4.37±0.019 cm total length (TL) 4.99±0.019cm. Treatments: T24 : 34% meat and bone meal (MBM), 65% rice brand (RB) and 1% premix of vitamins and minerals(PVM), T28: 44 %MBM, 55 %RB, 1%PVM , T32: 54 %MBM, 45 %RB, 1 %PVM and T36: 64 %MBM, 35%RB, 1%PVM were wet granulated (20% added water) in meat grinder to 3mm in diameter, dried at 60°C in a forced air oven (between 0 to 100 days of trial) and used fresh without drying (between 100 to 190 days of trial), the treatments were randomized into 24 tanks, 1x2x1.1m, 1.4m³ water. The feed was offered dry basis of 10% of this biomass being supplied 50% at 08:00h and 50 % at 17:00h. The fingerlings were weighed and measured every 15 and 20d. ANOVA was found in highly significant (p<0.01) for treatments and measurement period (days) mean was separating for LSD tests. In all periods T36 was higher between 80 and 190 d; T28 was the second best treatment. For T36 the 190d weight 243.77g, LS and LT 17.72cm 19.61cm. These results indicate an increase in energy demand and less protein need for fingerlings after 60d; can reduce feed costs to include less animal protein to finish foods for fingerlings.

Introduction Arboviruses are an important public health problem in Brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and the Rocio virus (ROCV), are especially problematic. These viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. Methods A serological survey of horses from various regions of Brazil using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant SLEV domain III peptides and ROCV E protein as antigens. Results Overall, 415 (55.1%) of the 753 horses that were screened were seropositive for flavivirus and, among them, monotypic reactions were observed to SLEV in 93 (12.3%) and to ROCV in 46 (6.1%). These results suggested that these viruses, or other closely related viruses, are infecting horses in Brazil. However, none of the studied horses presented central nervous system infection symptoms. Conclusions Our results suggest that SLEV and ROCV previously circulated among horses in northeast, west-central and southeast Brazil.

Since the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999, there have been several reports of WNV activity in Central and South American countries. To detect WNV in Brazil, we performed a serological survey of horses from different regions of Brazil using recombinant peptides from domain III of WNV. Positive samples were validated with the neutralisation test. Our results showed that of 79 ELISA-positive horses, nine expressed WNV-specific neutralising antibodies. Eight of the infected horses were from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and one was from the state of Paraíba. Our results provide additional evidence for the emergence of WNV in Brazil and for its circulation in multiple regions of the country.

Se evaluó la incorporación de hojas deshidratadas de Pithecellobium dulce (PD) en raciones para cabritonas recién destetadas con promedio de 14,92±0,30kg de peso vivo y su efecto sobre el consumo, digestibilidad de nutrientes y producción cuando se manejaron en confinamiento total. El PD fue incluido en la ración a cuatro niveles 0 (PD0); 18,75 (PD19); 37,5 PD (38) y 56% (PD56) de materia seca (MS). La ración incluyó Pennisetum purpureum deshidratado a 84,5; 65,75; 47,0 y 28,5% de MS. Melaza de caña de azúcar (15%) y una mezcla de sal común y minerales (0,5%), respectivamente. Para los tratamientos evaluados PD0, PD19, PD38 y PD56 se determinó el consumo voluntario (C), la digestibilidad (D) de la MS, materia orgánica (MO), contenido de fibra detergente neutro insoluble (FND), contenido de fibra insoluble en detergente ácido (FAD) y contenido de hemicelulosa, así como la ganancia de peso vivo (GDP). Se utilizó un diseño en cuadrado latino 4x4 completamente al azar, con 16 cabritonas mestizas (Criolla×Nubian) en cuatro períodos de 14 días c/u. Las raciones fueron ofrecidas diariamente hasta un nivel del 6% MS del PV. El tratamiento PD56 presentó la mejor respuesta nutricional y productiva con 0,798±0,01 kg C de MS/día, 5,42±0,49% MS en PV; 695g C de MO/día, 308g C de FND/día; 66±8% D de MS, 67±8% D de MO y 62±12% D de FND; y 222±67 g/día de GDP; permitiendo un alto nivel de inclusión (56%) de PD en la ración con una elevada respuesta en el crecimiento de las cabritonas.

Incorporation of pithecellobium dulce (pd) dehydrated leaves in rations for weanling goats with an average 14.92 ± 0.30 kg live weight and its effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and production when handled in total confinement were assessed. the pd ration was fed at four levels: 0 (pdo), 18.75 (pd19), 37.5 (pd38) and 56% (pd56) of dry matter (dm). ration icluded dehydrated pennisetum purpureum at 84.5, 65.75, 47.0 and 28.5% of dm, sugar cane molasses (15%) and a mixture of salt and minerals (0.5%), respectively. for treatments pd0, pd19, pd38 and pd56 voluntary intake (vi), dry matter digestibility (d), organic matter (om), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (ndf), acid detergent insoluble fiber (adf), and hemicellulose, and weight gain (wg), were determined. data was analyzed using a 4x4 latin square completely randomized design, with 16 crossbred weanling goats (creole × nubian) in four periods of 14 days each. the diets were offered daily to a level of 6% of pv in ms. the pd56 showed the best response to nutritional and productive vi 0.798 ± 0.01 kg dm / day, 5.42 ± 0.49% dm in pv; vi 695g om / day, vi 308g ndf / day, 66±8% dm d, 67±8% om d and 62±12% ndf d , and 222 ± 67 g / day of wg, allowing a high level of inclusion (56%) of pd in the diet with a high growth response of weanling goats.