RESUMO Durante o processo de formação, os residentes multiprofissionais em saúde estão expostos a eventos estressores que podem comprometer sua trajetória profissional. Este estudo avaliou o estresse de pós-graduandos do Programa de Residência Integrada Multiprofissional em Saúde (RIMS) em uma maternidade-escola, como também buscou compreender os significados atribuídos pelos residentes diante desse processo. A pesquisa compreendeu duas abordagens metodológicas, quantitativa e qualitativa, de forma complementar. Assim, participaram deste estudo 26 sujeitos, distribuídos de forma equivalente entre o primeiro e o segundo ano do Programa de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Para coleta de dados, foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: ficha de identificação, que abordou questões socioculturais, Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), além de um questionário com questões abertas. Para análise dos resultados, foram realizadas a tabulação e a análise das frequências, utilizando-se o programa PSPP, versão 1.0.1. Na abordagem qualitativa, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Verificou-se que 96,2% dos pesquisados apresentaram estresse. Destes, 72% estavam na fase de resistência e 28% na quase exaustão, predominando os sintomas psicológicos (68%). A análise qualitativa permitiu identificar que a sobrecarga de atividades e a escassez de articulação entre teoria e prática foram fatores desafiadores no cotidiano da formação. Além disso, em relação aos fatores gratificantes vivenciados durante a residência, o trabalho interdisciplinar e o reconhecimento do trabalho por parte do usuário foram considerados, pelos residentes, vivências gratificantes. Já a dificuldade de reconhecimento do trabalho por parte da equipe, a preceptoria e a mão de obra barata foram vistas como fatores relacionados a sentimentos de frustração. É indispensável elaborar políticas públicas a fim de aprimorar os projetos pedagógicos dos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMS), contribuindo para a saúde física e mental dos residentes.

ABSTRACT During the training process, multiprofessional health residents are exposed to stressful events that may compromise their professional trajectory. This study aimed to assess the stress suffered by graduate students of the Multiprofessional Integrated Health Residency Program (RIMS) at a maternity school, as well understand the meanings attributed by the residents of this process. The research comprised two complementary methodological approaches: quantitative and qualitative. Thus, 26 subjects participated in the study, distributed equally between the first and second years of the Neonatal Intensive Care Program. The following data collection instruments were applied: identification form, which addressed socio-cultural issues, the Lipp Adult Stress Symptom Inventory (ISSL), and a questionnaire with open-ended questions. For analysis of the results, tabulation and frequency analysis were carried out using the program PSPP, version 1.0.1. Bardin content analysis was was the qualitative method adopted. It was verified that 96.2% of the respondents presented stress, of whom 72% were in the resistance phase and 28% at near-exhaustion, with a prevalence of psychological symptoms (68%). The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify that overload of activities and lack of articulation between theory and practice were challenging factors in the daily life of the trainees. Furthermore, in relation to gratifying factors experienced during the residence, interdisciplinary work and recognition of one’s work by the user were considered by the residents to be rewarding experiences. Difficulty in achieving recognition of the work by the team, the preceptors and the cheap labor, meanwhile, were seen as factors related to feelings of frustration. It is essential that public policies be developed in order to improve the pedagogical projects of the Multiprofessional Health Residency Programs (PRMS), contributing to the physical and mental health of the residents.

RESUMO Zeólitas naturais são materiais adsorventes eficientes e com baixo custo para remoção de metais pesados em relação aos métodos convencionais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do pH na capacidade máxima de remoção de cobre (Cu+2) por zeólita natural disponível na região do planalto catarinense (zeólita basalto - ZB) comparando sua eficiência com uma zeólita comercial importada de cuba (ZC). A capacidade de troca de cátions das zeólitas foi determinada pelo método de saturação por amônio. A densidade de partículas foi feita através do método do balão volumétrico. O efeito do pH na remoção foi avaliado a pH 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 (±0,2) e concentrações iniciais de 10 mg L−1 e 180 mg L−1. A capacidade máxima de remoção de Cu+2 foi avaliada em pH 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 e concentrações iniciais de 10, 30, 60, 90, 180 e 270 mg L−1. A quantificação do teor de Cu+2 foi realizada por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com sistema de atomização por chama do tipo ar-acetileno. Para a construção das isotermas foi utilizado regressão polinomial e no teste de médias da porcentagem removida de Cu+2 em diferentes valores de pH foi utilizado Scott-Knott a 5% de significância. A ZC apresentou capacidade de troca de cátions 40% superior a ZB, porém isso não se refletiu na capacidade de remoção. Houve efeito do pH somente para ZC na menor concentração adicionada. A capacidade máxima de remoção foi de 2662 mg kg−1 para ZB e 2759 mg kg−1 para ZC em pH 5,0. A capacidade máxima de remoção de Cu+2 para ZB é semelhante ao da ZC. A ZB pode ser utilizada na remoção de metais em efluentes industriais e laboratoriais com baixo custo.

ABSTRACT Natural zeolites are effective adsorbent materials and low cost for removal of heavy metals compared to conventional methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pH and the maximum capacity removal of copper (Cu+2) by natural zeolite available in the region of Southern Brazil (zeolite basalt - ZB) comparing its perfomance with a commercial zeolite imported from Cuba (ZC). The cation exchange capacity of the zeolites was determined by Ammonium saturation method. The particle density was taken by volumetric flask method. The effect of pH on removal was measured at pH 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 (± 0.2) and initial concentrations of 10 and 180 mg L−1. The maximum capacity removal of Cu+2 was assessed at pH 3.0, 4,0 and 5.0 and the initial concentrations of 10, 30, 60, 90, 180 and 270 mg L−1. Quantification of Cu+2 was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry with atomization system type air-acetylene. For the construction of the isotherms was used polynomial regression and the averaged test percentage of Cu+2 removed at different pH values was used the Scott-Knott 5% significance level. The ZC presented capacity cation exchange 40% higher than ZB, but this was not reflected in the removal capacity. There was effect of pH only for ZC in less concentration added. The maximum removal capacity was 2662 kg−1 mg for ZB and 2759 mg kg for ZC in the pH 5.0. The maximum capacity removal Cu+2 ZB is similar to ZC. The ZB can be used to remove metals in laboratory and industrial effluents with low cost.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on gamma radiation levels on the physical and microbiological characteristics of chicken breast meat. A completely randomized experimental design in a 4x2x3 factorial arrangement was adopted. Treatments consisted of four radiation concentrations (0, 2, 4, or 8kGy), two package sealing methods (with or without vacuum), and three storage times (01, 07, or 14 days), with ten replicates each, totaling 240 chicken breast fillets. Packaging and radiation had no influence (p>0.05) on chicken breast meat pH, water retention capacity, or presence of Salmonella spp. Breast fillets not submitted to radiation and vacuum packed presented higher water retention capacity (p<0.05) than those radiated at 4kGy and vacuum packed. Drip loss in fillets radiated at 8kGy and not vacuum packed was higher (p<0.05) than in non-radiated and non-vacuum packed fillets; however, both were not different from the other treatments. Coliform presence increased with storage time in non-radiated samples; however, when these were vacuum-packed, their development was slower. The results of the present experiment suggest that the use of a low radiation dose (2kGy), combined with vacuum packing, may minimize the harmful effects of storage on chicken breast fillets.

O Cu e Zn oriundos dos dejetos suínos podem se acumular no solo, oferecendo riscos para a saúde humana e a animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a capacidade de adsorção e a competição de Cu e Zn num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, que recebeu aplicações continuadas de dejetos suínos, com taxa de aplicação de 200 m³ ha-1 ano-1,durante sete anos, e comparar a adsorção com solo que nunca recebeu dejeto. Para avaliar a adsorção do Cu e Zn, foram aplicados ao solo soluções de Cu e Zn, nas doses de 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 1.200 µmol L-1 e relação solo: solução final de 1:100. Para a obtenção das doses de Zn e Cu foi utilizada solução padrão Merck® Certipur 1.000 mg L-1. A adsorção de Cu apresentou comportamento sigmoide (isoterma tipo S), em solo sem dejeto (SD), e comportamento linear (isoterma tipo C), em solo com dejeto (CD). A capacidade máxima de adsorção (CMA) de Cu no solo SD foi de 3.021 mg kg-1. Para Zn, todas as isotermas apresentaram comportamento linear. Não foi atingida a capacidade máxima de adsorção, no tratamento CD, para Cu e Zn. Esses resultados indicam que o Latossolo estudado apresenta alta capacidade para reter o Cu e Zn oriundos dos dejetos suínos.

Cooper and zinc derived from pig slurry can accumulate in the soil, posing risks to human and animal health. The objective of this study was to determine the adsorption capacity and the competition of Cu and Zn in Oxisols that received continued applications of 200 m³ha-1year-1of pig slurry for seven years and to compare with soil under natural conditions. To evaluate the adsorption, Cu and Zn solutions were applied to the soil at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 1.200 µmol L-1; soil:solution ratio of 1:100.Merck Certipur standard solution 1.000 mg L-1 was utilized to construct the levels of Zn and Cu. The adsorption of Cu showed a sigmoid behavior (S-type isotherm) in soil with no slurry application and linear behavior (C-type isotherm) in soil with pig slurry. The maximum adsorption of Cu in soil without pig slurry was 3,021 mg kg-1. For Zn, all the isotherms showed linear behavior. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu and Zn was not reached in soil with slurry. These results show that the studied Oxisol has a high capacity to retain Zn and Cu from pig slurry.

Among the different feed additives studied in poultry production, clinoptilolite, an aluminosilicate capable of adsorbing harmful substances and of improving live performance and egg and meat quality, was evaluated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of dietary clinoptilolite and calcium levels on the performance and egg quality of layers. In total, 576 layers were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement (three calcium levels - 2.5, 3.1, or 3.7% and four clinoptilolite levels - 0.0, 0.15, 0.25, or 0.50%), with 12 treatments of six replicates of eight birds each. The experiment included four 28-d cycles. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the test of Tukey at 5% significance level using SISVAR statistical package. There was a significant interaction between the evaluated factors for egg production and feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs and egg mass. The lowest calcium level resulted in worse performance and eggshell quality. Clinoptilolite levels affected albumen and yolk content. It was concluded that up to 0.50% inclusion of clinoptilolite in layer diets does not benefit layer performance or eggshell quality. Although the inclusion of only 2.5% calcium in layer diets is not recommended, it is possible to add 3.1% because it promoted similar results as the recommended level of 3.7%.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of clinoptilolite and calcium levels on uric acid and calcium blood profile and bone quality of commercial layers. A total of 576 birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 3x4 factorial arrangement (calcium levels of 2.5, 3.1, or 3.7% and clinoptilolite levels of 0.0, 0.15, 0.25, or 0.50%), into 12 treatments with six replicates of eight birds per cage (experimental unit). The experimental period was 112 days. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the test of Tukey at 5% significance level using SISVAR statistical package. Blood uric acid was significantly influenced by the interaction of the evaluated factors. Clinoptilolite levels significantly increased blood calcium levels. There was no effect of dietary calcium levels on any of the evaluated characteristics. It was concluded that feeding layers with up to 0.50% clinoptilolite does not benefit blood uric acid and calcium concentrations and does not affect their bone quality. When layers at the end of the first laying cycle are fed ad libitum and present 119.50g/hen/day average feed intake, 3.1% dietary calcium promotes 3.7g/hen/day calcium intake, which is sufficient to maintain adequate calcium blood levels and bone quality.

This study aimed at developing radiographic techniques for the early detection of dyschondroplastic lesions in the tibia of broilers. The experiment was carried out at the facilities of UNIFOR/MG and Formiga and UNIFENAS/ Alfenas with 420 one-day-old male Cobb broilers. At 20 days of age, all birds were radiographed and identified with an alpha-numeric metal ring in the right leg. At 40 days of age, 42 broilers previously selected as a function of bone mineral density and lesion thickness scores were again radiographed and scored, and then sacrificed. Their right tibia was removed for gross and histological examination of the growth plate. The results showed that radiographic techniques are correlated with gross and histological examination and that there was no significant differences among techniques (P>0.05). it was concluded that the use of radiographic examination to identify tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers precludes the use of bone mineral density to diagnose this condition. The non-parametric statistical Chi-square test at 5% significance level was used to analyze the results.

Aiming at evaluating the influence of cyclic temperatures on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails an experiment was carried out with 480 birds after egg production peak. Birds were housed in a bioclimatic chamber with automatic temperature control that contained two rooms, one maintained at thermoneutral temperature (21 ºC) and the other adjusted for the tested cyclic temperatures (24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ºC at a time). Each room had a battery of five floors and ten cages, with a capacity of 24 birds per cage, totaling 240 birds per battery. Birds were fed iso-nutritious and iso-caloric diets. Data obtained under the tested cyclic temperatures were compared with those obtained under thermoneutral temperature. At the end of each experimental period (14 days) performance and egg quality parameters were evaluated. A completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (thermoneutral temperature and tested temperature) and ten replicates of 24 birds each. Cyclic increases of 27 ºC and higher in environmental temperature negatively affected bird performance, with reduced feed intake and consequent reductions in egg weight and mass. A cyclic increase of the environmental temperature to 36 ºC reduced the percentage of saleable eggs and egg production.

A identificação das espécies de flebotomíneos em áreas endêmicas é fundamental para analisar os determinantes eco-epidemiológicos das leishmanioses. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a fauna flebotomínica em área urbana e em fragmento de cerrado nativo no município de Pontal do Araguaia, Mato Grosso utilizando armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC. Foram capturados 123 flebotomíneos pertencentes a 17 espécies diferentes. Nossos resultados indicam potencial sinantrópico de espécies vetoras das leishmanioses, como as espécies Lutzomyia cruzi, L. sallesi e L. whitmani. A espécie L. cerradincola não havia sido registrada na região, sendo este o primeiro relato desta espécie no Estado de Mato Grosso.

Identification of phlebotomine species in endemic areas is fundamental for analyzing the eco-epidemiological determinants of leishmaniasis. This study had the aim of investigating the phlebotomine fauna in an urban area and in a fragment of native savanna in the municipality of Pontal do Araguaia, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, using CDC light traps. One hundred and twenty-three phlebotomine specimens belonging to seventeen different species were caught. Our results indicate synanthropic potential among vector species for leishmaniasis, such as the species Lutzomyia cruzi, L. sallesi and L. whitmani. The species L. cerradincola had never been recorded in this region, such that this is the first report of this species in the State of Mato Grosso.

A total of 405 23-week-old ISA® Brown layers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement with nine treatments consisting of three dietary calcium levels (3.5, 3.75, and 4.5%) and three limestone particle sizes (100% fine limestone (FL), 70% FL + 30% coarse limestone (CL) and 50% (FL) + 50% (CL)), with nine replicates of five birds per cage. The following parameters were evaluated: percentage of lay, defective eggs, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (per kg eggs and per dozen eggs), and mortality. Dietary Ca levels significantly affected lay, with birds fed diets containing 4.5% calcium producing less eggs as compared to those fed 3.0 and 3.75% Ca. Egg production linearly decreased as dietary Ca levels increased, but blood Ca levels (mg/L) increased in 28-week-old birds. The interaction of dietary Ca levels and limestone particle sizes resulted in a reduction in tibial ash Ca content as dietary Ca levels increased and as fine limestone was replaced by coarse limestone. It is concluded that a dietary Ca level of 3.75% and 100% fine particle limestone are required to maintain adequate egg production and available Ca blood level.

The effects of aflatoxin and fumonisin and their combination on egg production and quality, as well as the efficacy of a mycotoxin adsorbent in reducing or eliminating these effects in commercial layers. A number of 168 layers with initial age of 37 weeks were submitted to an experimental period of 56 days. A completely randomized experimental design in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement was applied (3 treatments with mycotoxins: aflatoxin (AF), fumonisin (FU), or aflatoxin + fumonisin (AF+FU); 2 treatments with or without adsorbent; and a control group that was fed no mycotoxins, nor adsorbent), totaling 7 treatments with 6 replicated of 4 birds/cage. The dietary inclusion levels were 1ppm AF, 25ppm FU, and 2 kg adsorbent/ton feed. Birds fed AF presented the lowest percentage of lay (p=0.0594). Egg mass was the lowest (p<0.05) in the AF+FU treatment (49.49g). The treatment with AF resulted in higher eggshell thickness and strength (p<0.05) than the FU treatment and the control group. The inclusion of the adsorbent in the AF contaminated feed reduced eggshell strength, which returned to levels similar to those of the control group. The observed changes indicate that aflatoxin is toxic at a concentration of 1ppm, and that the effects of fumonisin were less evident as a function of the low dose applied. The inclusion of the glucan (2kg/ton) effectively reverted some of the toxic effects of aflatoxin and, at lower extension, those of fumonisin, when these mycotoxins were invidually added to commercial layer feeds.

The earth diatomite is a material used by the industries in the filtration process and clarification of the beer. This material presents a reduced useful life due to the blockages of their pores during the filtration process. The objective of this work was to reactivate the properties of filtration of the earth diatomite, saturated with organic matter during the filtration stage, starting from a controlled thermal treatment. The obtained results demonstrated that the earth diatomite saturated with organic matter submitted to a controlled thermal treatment has their filtration properties reactivated, could be reused in the beer production process.

This study aimed at studying alternative methods to induce molting and to compare them with the conventional forced-molting method (fasting). In the experiment, 420 70-week-old layers were used. The total experimental period was 140 days. Molting was induced during the first 28 days, when birds were submitted to the experimental treatments, and bird performance and egg quality parameters were determined during 112 subsequent days. A completely randomized experimental design was applied in a 5x2 factorial arrangement of five feed restriction regimes (0, 15, 30, 45, or 60g feed/bird/day) and with or without the addition of coarse-particle limestone to the feed, with seven replicates of six birds each. Egg quality was evaluated at the end of each 28-day period for three consecutive days, using three eggs per experimental unit (21 eggs/treatment), with a total of 210 eggs. It was concluded that feeding 15g feed/bird/day to induce molting is feasible, as birds submitted to this treatment presented similar performance and better egg quality than those submitted to fasting during molting. The use of coarse-particle limestone during molting did not influence post-molting bird performance or egg quality.

This study evaluated the effect of dietary calcium levels and limestone particle size distribution on first-cycle layer performance and egg quality. A completely randomized experimental design in 4x3 factorial arrangement (four Ca levels - 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5%; and three limestone particle size distributions - 100% fine, 50% fine and 50% coarse, 30% fine and 70% coarse) was applied, totaling 12 treatments with six replicates of eight birds each. The treatments did not influence the most of evaluated performance and internal and external egg quality parameters. However, limestone particle size distribution quadratically affected with percentage of defective eggs, with the lowest percentage obtained with the distribution 61.75% fine limestone and 38.25% coarse limestone. Increasing dietary Ca levels significantly increased eggshell weight per surface area and the percentage of Ca excreted in the feces. It was concluded that the combination of the highest dietary Ca level (4.5%) with 50% replacement of fine-particle limestone by coarse limestone results in better eggshell and increases the number of marketable eggs.

This experiment studied the effect of four calcium (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5%) and four available phosphorus levels (0.25, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40%) in the diet of semi-heavy commercial layers after molting. Hisex Brown® layers between 90 and 108 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement with 16 treatments of five replicates of eight birds each. mortality, egg production, feed intake, egg mass, average egg weight, calcium and phosphorus intake, feed conversion ratio (per dozen eggs and per kg eggs), eggshell percentage and thickness, eggshell strength, eggshell weight per surface area (ESWSA), yolk percentage and color, albumen percentage, albumen and yolk heights, and blood and excreta calcium and phosphorus concentrations. There was no interaction (P>0.05) between dietary Ca and avP for any of the studied parameters. There were linear increases in Ca intake (P<0.01), eggshell percentage (P<0.05); ESWSA (P<0.05); yolk color (P<0.05); Ca concentration in the blood (P<0.05) and excreta (P<0.01) as dietary Ca level increased. The intake of avP linearly increased (P<0.01) with dietary avP levels. The remaining parameters were not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary Ca and avP levels. The diet containing 4.5% calcium improved feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs and eggshell quality. The lowest avP level fed (0.25%) is sufficient to maintain the performance and the egg quality of semi-heavy commercial layers after molting.