RESUMO O cálcio e o boro são nutrientes importantes nos estádios de florescimento, germinação do pólen e no processo de frutificação. Por serem nutrientes pouco móveis na planta, alguns autores recomendam a pulverização foliar na produção de sementes de algumas espécies. Objetivou-se estudar as influências do cálcio e do boro, via aplicação direcionada às inflorescências, na produção, qualidade e acúmulo de nutrientes nas sementes de alface. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos (apenas cálcio: 0,72 g/L; apenas boro: 0,17 g/L; aplicação conjunta de cálcio e boro e controle), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Não houve influência dentre os tratamentos para produção de sementes (número e massa de sementes por planta). Quando se usou boro, sozinho ou em conjunto com o cálcio, a massa de mil sementes foi menor em comparação com o controle, enquanto com apenas cálcio não diferiu do controle. Também não foram obtidas diferenças para germinação e vigor das sementes. A aplicação de cálcio não afetou o acúmulo de nutrientes, no entanto a de boro aumentou o acúmulo desse nutriente nas sementes. A aplicação de cálcio e boro diretamente nas inflorescências da alface não promoveu aumento na produção nem no vigor das sementes. florescimento frutificação planta espécies Objetivouse Objetivou 072 0 72 0,7 g/L gL g L 017 17 0,1 controle , controle) casualizados repetições número planta. . planta) 07 7 0, 01 1

ABSTRACT Calcium and boron are important nutrients in the stages of flowering, pollen germination and in the fruiting process. As these nutrients are poorly mobile in the plant, some authors recommend foliar spraying in the production of seeds of some species. The objective was to study the influence of calcium and boron, via application directed to inflorescences, in production, quality and accumulation of nutrients in lettuce seeds. Four treatments were evaluated (only calcium: 0.72 g/L; only boron: 0.17 g/L; joint application of calcium and boron and control), in randomized blocks design with six replications. No influence was obtained between the treatments for seed production (number and weight of seeds per plant). Using boron, alone or together with calcium, the weight of a thousand seeds was lower compared to control, while only calcium did not differ from the control. No differences were obtained for germination and seed vigor. The application of calcium did not affect the accumulation of nutrients, however boron application increased the accumulation of this nutrient in the seeds. The application of calcium and boron directly in the inflorescences of lettuce did not promote an increase in the production and vigor of the seeds. flowering process plant species 072 0 72 0.7 g/L gL g L 017 17 0.1 control , control) replications number plant. . plant) 07 7 0. 01 1

RESUMO Mudanças constantes durante o processo de maturação das sementes afetam sua qualidade final, assim como o repouso pós colheita dos frutos pode melhorar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e a atividade enzimática de sementes de berinjela provenientes de frutos com diferentes idades e períodos de repouso após a colheita. Os frutos foram colhidos apresentando cores diferentes aos 40, 50, 60 e 70 dias após a antese (DAA) e mantidos em repouso por 0 (frutos recém-colhidos), 10 e 20 dias. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições e foram avaliadas as sementes extraídas de seis frutos por parcela. O repouso dos frutos de berinjela colhidos com menos de 60 DAA possibilitou maiores massas de 1000 sementes, germinação, vigor e teor de proteínas das sementes. As sementes com maior germinação e vigor apresentaram baixa atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e peroxidase (POX). Os resultados indicaram que o momento ideal da colheita é quando o fruto atinge a cor amarelada-marrom correspondente a cerca de 60 DAA; no entanto, se o fruto de berinjela for colhido precocemente (40 a 50 DAA), ele tem que permanecer em repouso por cerca de 10 a 20 dias para as sementes alcançarem alta qualidade fisiológica (germinação e vigor). final 40 6 7 (DAA recémcolhidos, recémcolhidos recém , recém-colhidos) 1 2 acaso parcela 100 SOD, SOD (SOD) CAT (CAT POX. POX . (POX) amareladamarrom amarelada marrom entanto (4 5 DAA, DAA) vigor. vigor) 4 recém-colhidos (SOD (POX (

ABSTRACT Constant changes during the seed maturation process affect its final quality and the post-harvest fruit resting, which can improve seed physiological quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and enzymatic activities of eggplant seeds extracted from fruits harvested at different ages and resting periods after harvest. Fruits were harvested presenting different colors at 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after anthesis (DAA) and rested for 0 (freshly harvested fruits), 10, and 20 days. The experimental design was set as completely randomized, with four replications and evaluated seeds extracted from six fruits per plot. The resting periods in eggplant fruits harvested at less than 60 DAA improved the mass of 1000 seeds, germination, vigor, and protein content. Seeds with higher germination and vigor presented lower dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) enzymatic activity. The results indicated that the ideal moment of eggplant harvest for seed production is when the fruit reaches the yellowish-brown color corresponding to about 60 DAA; however, if the eggplant fruit is harvested earlier (40 or 50 DAA), it has to rest for about 10 to 20 days to achieve high physiological quality (germination and vigor). postharvest post Therefore 40 7 (DAA freshly fruits, , fruits) 2 randomized plot 6 100 content SOD, SOD (SOD) CAT, CAT (CAT) POX (POX activity yellowishbrown yellowish brown however (4 5 DAA, DAA) 1 vigor. . vigor) 4 (SOD (CAT (

RESUMO Devido à ação dos óleos essenciais de tomilho, capim-limão e alecrim contra microrganismos e poucos estudos dos mesmos no tratamento de sementes, propõe-se este estudo com semente de hortaliça. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento com óleos essenciais de tomilho, capim-limão e alecrim em sementes de couve-flor inoculadas com Aspergillus flavus. Foram utilizados os três óleos essenciais, nas concentrações 0,0; 0,4; 0,8; 1,6 e 2,0%, arranjados em esquema fatorial 3x5, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os óleos essenciais de tomilho (1,8%) e capim-limão (1,9%) tiveram efeito fungistático contra A. flavus em sementes de couve-flor. Os óleos essenciais de tomilho a 2,0% e o de capim-limão a 1,6% não afetaram a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, sendo promissores no tratamento de sementes orgânicas. Por outro lado, o óleo essencial de alecrim, apesar de não afetar a germinação e afetar pouco o vigor das sementes, não foi eficiente no controle do patógeno.

ABSTRACT Due to the action of essential oils of thyme, lemongrass and rosemary against microorganisms and few studies on them in seed treatment, this study is proposed with vegetable seed. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the effect of treatments with essential oils of thyme, lemongrass and rosemary on cauliflower seeds, inoculated with Aspergillus flavus. Three essential oils were used, at concentrations 0.0; 0.4; 0.8; 1.6 and 2.0%, arranged in a 3x5 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The essential oils of thyme (1.8%) and lemongrass (1.9%) had a fungistatic effect against A. flavus in cauliflower seeds. Thyme essential oil at 2.0% and lemongrass at 1.6% didn’t affect the physiological quality of seeds, being promising in the treatment of organic seeds. On the other hand, rosemary essential oil, despite not affecting germination and little affecting seed vigor, wasn’t efficient in controlling the pathogen.

ABSTRACT Mangabeira is a native fruit tree from Brazil, which provides a delicious fruit to taste and beneficial to health, whose information about the seedlings production will assist the entire productive chain of this important species. The aim of this research was to evaluate protected environments and substrates compositions in the formation of mangabeira seedlings. For this, two greenhouses with different screens were used, the first covered with aluminized thermo-reflective screen of 50% shading and the second with black screen of 50% shading. Inside the environments, were tested substrates derived from combinations of various proportions of bovine manure (M), soil (S), medium vermiculite (MV), super fine vermiculite (FV) and fine sand (FS). For each environment of cultivation was adopted a completely randomized design to evaluate the substrates, with five replicates of eight plants. The environments were compared by analysis of experiments groups. The results showed that both protected environments are suitable for mangabeira seedlings. In the aluminized screen is indicated for the formation of seedling in the substrate with 20% M + 30% S + 10% MV + 30% FV + 10% FS while in the black screen is indicated for seedlings in the substrate with 10% M + 30% S + 10% MV + 10% FV + 40% FS and with 10% M + 30% S + 40% MV + 10% FV + 10% FS.