FUNDAMENTO: A fibrilação atrial (FA) isolada promove mudanças eletrofisiológicas, chamadas de "remodelamento elétrico", facilitando sua recorrência e manutenção. Há evidência de que o processo de remodelamento seja reversível após a recuperação do ritmo sinusal (RS). Entretanto, o momento para a recuperação das propriedades eletrofisiológicas ainda não foi definido. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ativação elétrica atrial usando o eletrocardiograma de alta resolução de onda P (P-ECGAR) pós-cardioversão da FA de longa duração, concentrando-se no processo de remodelamento reverso para identificar o momento da estabilização do processo. MÉTODOS: Indivíduos com FA isolada persistente, candidatos à cardioversão com conversão bem-sucedida ao RS, foram incluídos no estudo. A P-ECGAR foi realizada imediatamente após a reversão ao ritmo sinusal e repetida após 7 e 30 dias. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 31 indivíduos, 9 apresentaram recorrência precoce da FA, todos nos primeiros 7 dias após a cardioversão, e 22 permaneceram em RS por pelo menos um mês; o ECGAR foi obtido no sétimo e no trigésimo dias após a cardioversão. No 30º dia, a duração da onda P progressivamente diminuiu do primeiro para o terceiro ECGAR (duração da onda P: 185,5±41,9 m/s vs 171,7±40,5 m/s vs 156,7±34,9 m/s, respectivamente, 1º, 2º e 3º ECGAR; p<0,001 para todas as comparações). Na análise de domínio de frequência, a turbulência espectral não foi aparente no ECGAR imediatamente após a cardioversão, mas aumentou de forma aguda no 7º dia e permaneceu inalterada no 30º dia. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo sugere que os primeiros sete dias pós-cardioversão, após FA de longa duração, são críticos para o processo de remodelamento reverso e recorrência da arritmia.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) itself promotes electrophysiological changes, termed "electrical remodeling", facilitating its recurrence and maintenance. There is evidence that the remodeling process is reversible after restoration of the sinus rhythm (SR). However, the timing for the recovery of electrophysiological properties is still undefined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the atrial electrical activation using P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (P-SAECG) post-cardioversion of long-standing AF, focusing on the reversal remodeling process to identify the timing of the process stabilization. METHODS: Subjects with lone persistent AF, eligible for cardioversion and successfully converted to SR, were enrolled at the study. SAECG was performed immediately after reversion to SR and repeated on days seven and thirty. RESULTS: Of 31 subjects, nine presented early recurrence of atrial fibrillation, all of them in the first seven days post-cardioversion; 22 remained in SR for at last one month and SAECG was obtained on days seven and thirty after cardioversion. In the latter, P-wave duration progressively abated from the first to the third SAECG (P-wave duration: 185.5±41.9 ms vs 171.7±40.5 ms vs 156.7±34.9 ms, respectively, first, second and third SAECG; p<0.001 for all matches). In the frequency domain analysis, spectral turbulence was not apparent in SAECG immediately post-cardioversion, but sharply increased on day seven and remained unchanged on day thirty. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the first seven days post-cardioversion of long standing AF are critical for reversal remodeling process and arrhythmia recurrence.

FUNDAMENTO: La fibrilación atrial (FA) aislada promueve cambios electrofisiológicos llamados "remodelación eléctrica", que facilitan su recurrencia y mantenimiento. Hay evidencia de que el proceso de remodelación sea reversible tras la recuperación del ritmo sinusal (RS). Sin embargo, el momento para la recuperación de las propiedades electrofisiológicas no está definido todavía. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de ese estudio fue evaluar la activación eléctrica atrial con el empleo del electrocardiograma de alta resolución de onda P (P-ECGAR) postcardioversión de la FA de larga duración, concentrándose en el proceso de remodelación reversa para identificar el momento de la estabilización del proceso. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio a individuos con FA aislada persistente y a candidatos a la cardioversión con conversión exitosa al RS. La P-ECGAR se realizó inmediatamente tras la reversión al ritmo sinusal y se repitió después de 7 y 30 días. RESULTADOS: Entre los 31 individuos, 9 presentaron recurrencia precoz de la FA, todos en los primeros 7 días después de la cardioversión, y 22 siguieron en RS durante un mes como mínimo; el ECGAR se obtuvo en el séptimo y en el trigésimo días tras la cardioversión. En el 30º día, la duración de la onda P disminuyó progresivamente desde el primer hasta el tercer ECGAR (duración de la onda P: 185,5±41,9 m/s vs 171,7±40,5 m/s vs 156,7±34,9 m/s, respectivamente, 1er, 2º y 3er ECGAR; p<0,001 para todas las comparaciones). En los análisis de dominio de frecuencia, la turbulencia espectral no fue aparente en el ECGAR inmediatamente tras la cardioversión, pero aumentó de forma aguda en el 7º día y siguió inalterada en el 30º día. CONCLUSIÓN: El presente estudio sugiere que los primeros siete días post cardioversión, después FA de larga duración, son críticos para el proceso de remodelación reversa y recurrencia de la arritmia.

OBJECTIVE: Noninvasive cardiac assessment of newborns and infants of women with systemic lupus erythematosus. The children had no congenital total atrioventricular block and were compared with the children of healthy women. METHODS: We prospectively assessed 13 newborns and infants aged 1 to 60 days, children of women with systemic lupus erythematosus and without congenital total atrioventricular block. These children were compared with 30 children of women who had no lupus or anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, and no risk factors for congenital heart disease either. Their age groups matched. The following examinations were performed: cardiological physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and signal-averaged electrocardiography. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed no significant difference in ventricular function or in the cardiac conduction system between the groups. CONCLUSION: In regard to the conduction system and ventricular function in the absence of total atrioventricular block, no statistically significant difference was observed between the children of women with systemic lupus erythematosus and children of healthy women.

OBJECTIVE: The initial site of myocardial infarction (MI) may influence the prevalence of ventricular late potentials (VLP), high-frequency signals, due to the time course of ventricular activation. The prevalence of VLP in a period of more than 2 years after acute MI was assessed focusing on the initially injured wall . METHODS: The prevalence of VLP in a late phase after MI (median of 924 days) in anterior/antero-septal and inferior/infero-dorsal wall lesion was analyzed using signal-averaged electrocardiogram in time domain. The diagnostic performance of the filters employed for analysis on was tested at high-pass cut-off frequencies of 25 Hz, 40 Hz and 80 Hz. RESULTS: The duration of the ventricular activation and its terminal portion were larger in inferior than anterior infarction, at high-pass cut-off frequencies of 40 Hz and 80 Hz. In patients with ventricular tachycardia, these differences were more remarked. The prevalence of ventricular late potentials was three times greater in inferior than anterior infarction. CONCLUSION: Late after myocardial infarction, the prevalence and the duration of ventricular late potentials are greater in lesions of inferior/infero-dorsal than anterior/antero-septal wall confirming their temporal process, reflecting their high-frequency content.