ABSTRACT: Several studies of Navarro's work have mainly reviewed and discussed his contributions and dissertations on the so-called Quito’s colonial art. In this occasion, this paper seeks to contribute on the understanding of Navarro as an intellectual of the first half of the twentieth century. As well as, understand his actions in the artistic local field and in the construction of a cultural discourse of an American art within a Pan-American context. For this purpose, the proposal about an artistic education, written by Pedro Pablo Traversari, José Gabriel Navarro and José María Durán, is used as a central document. In addition, the epistolary resource of the José Gabriel Navarro Archive, of the Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Pólit, reveals the dialogues at an intellectual level of a utopian and homogenizing configuration of a vernacular art. This resource exposes Navarro’s acquaintances between cultural actors of the first decades of the twentieth century.

RESUMEN: Investigaciones sobre la obra de José Gabriel Navarro principalmente han revisado y discutido sus aportes y disertaciones sobre el denominado arte colonial quiteño. En esta ocasión, se busca contribuir al entendimiento de la figura de Navarro como intelectual de la primera mitad del siglo XX y sus acciones en lo artístico educativo y la construcción de un discurso sobre un arte americano. Para lo cual, se toma como documento central, la propuesta de educación artística de Pedro Pablo Traversari, José Gabriel Navarro y José María Durán para el Segundo Congreso Científico Panamericano de 1915. Junto a esto, se recoge el recurso epistolar del Fondo José Gabriel Navarro de la Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Pólit, cuyo análisis permite, por un lado, comprender los diálogos a nivel intelectual para la configuración de un arte nacional, y por otro, posibilita valorar la vinculación entre diferentes actores culturales ecuatorianos de inicios del siglo XX.

OBJECTIVE: To generate a new body mass index curve of reference values and ranges for body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy and to compare the new curve and weight gain ranges with the currently used references. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted with a total of 5,656 weight and body mass index measurements in 641 women with single pregnancy who attended their first prenatal visit before 12 weeks. All the women were over 18 years old and had no medical conditions that would influence body mass index. Data were collected using prenatal charts and medical records during hospitalization for childbirth. A linear regression method was used for standard curve smoothing in the general population and for specific curves according to the baseline body mass index classification. Curves were obtained for the 5th, 10th, 50th, 85th, 90th and 95th percentiles. Concordance between the classification of women using the newly generated and currently used curves was evaluated by percentages and kappa coefficients. The weight gain was compared with the reference values of the Institute of Medicine using Student’s T test. The data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.2, and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: A general reference curve of percentiles of body mass index by gestational age was established. Additionally, four specific curves were generated according to the four baseline body mass index categories. The new general curve offered percentile limits for women according to their initial body mass index and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention limits, showing poor agreement with the currently used curve (48.3%). Women who were overweight or obese when starting prenatal care had higher weight gain than the Institute of Medicine recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The new proposed curve for body mass index during pregnancy showed weak agreement with the currently used curve. The new curve provided more information regarding body mass index increase using percentiles for general and specific groups of body mass index. Overweight pregnant women showed an upward body mass index trend throughout pregnancy that increased more dramatically than those of other groups of pregnant women, and they also presented a major mean difference between weight gain and the Institute of Medicine recommendation.

Este artigo analisa o sistema sueco de ginástica criado por P. H. Ling e retoma a trajetória de seu precursor e a vocação do Instituto Central de Ginástica de Estocolmo no papel de preservação e divulgação dos preceitos lingianos. Especificamente, atentamo-nos para a vulgarização e a circulação do método por meio de manuais em língua portuguesa produzidos entre fins do século XIX e início do XX. Tem como fontes os manuais escolares escritos por Pedro Borges, Antonio M. Ferreira, Paulo Lauret e Arthur Higgins. Percebemos neles forte inspiração na ginástica sueca, revelada nas lições sistematizadas e na valorização de aspectos como retidão, racionalidade, simetria, correção, educação da vontade e aperfeiçoamento físico.

This article analyzes the Swedish gymnastic system created by P. H. Ling. It resumes the trajectory of its precursor and the vocation of the Stockholm Gymnastic Central Institute for the preservation and divulgation of the "lingian" precepts. The focus is, specifically, on the vulgarization and circulation of the method through Portuguese textbooks that were published in late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century. The main sources were the textbooks written by Pedro Borges, Antonio M. Ferreira, Paulo Lauret e Arthur Higgins. It was observed in these textbooks a strong inspiration on the Swedish gymnastic, revealed in their systematic lessons, and in the value put on the rectitude, rationality, symmetry, accuracy, education of the will and physical improvement.

El siguiente artículo analiza el sistema sueco de gimnasia creado por P. H. Ling, retomando la trayectoria de su precursor y la vocación del Instituto Central de Gimnasia de Estocolmo en el papel de preservación y difusión de los preceptos y supuestos "lingianos". Específicamente, nos centramos en la popularización y la circulación del método sueco a través de manuales en lengua portuguesa producidos entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, tomando como fuentes primarias los manuales escolares escritos por Pedro Borges, Antonio M. Ferreira, Paulo Lauret y Arthur Higgins. Identificamos en ellos una fuerte inspiración en la gimnasia sueca, revelados en las lecciones sistematizadas y en la valorización de aspectos tales como la rectitud, la racionalidad, la simetría, la corrección, la educación de la voluntad y el perfeccioamiento físico.