ABSTRACT Namalycastis abiuma has been recorded as a worldwide distributed species, found in most tropical and subtropical mangroves and estuarine environments. However, this status has been questioned in several publications, which indicate that several distinct species are being identified under the name N. abiuma. In this study, we perform a morphological analysis, along with a series of species delimitation tests and a phylogenetic analysis-using the molecular marker 16S-to evaluate whether analyzed populations previously identified as Namalycastis abiuma belong to the same species. We used sequences from the GenBank database in the analysis, as well as six newly sequenced specimens collected from the coast of Brazil, two of them from the N. abiuma type-locality. For species delimitation, we applied the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), the Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and the Multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes (mPTP) tests. Results from GMYC and ASAP suggest that Namalycastis abiuma may be endemic to the type-locality and that all other populations studied represent a second distinct species. However, mPTP indicates that all Namalycastis species included should be grouped into one single species. The mPTP results seem to be biased due to data limitation as it showed poor statistical support. Our morphological data, especially on the shape and dentition of the sub-neuroacicular falciger blades, support the GMYC and ASAP results, suggesting restricted endemism for Namalycastis abiuma. Based on these results, we conclude that N. abiuma is restricted to its type-locality and we provide a description of a new species, Namalycastis lanai sp. nov. occurring in Brazilian waters from 22°S to 27°S, including, at its southern range, an overlap with N. abiuma at Florianópolis. Finally, we provide a key to all Namalycastis species found in Brazil. environments However publications N study analysis analysisusing using 16Sto Sto 16S S Brazil typelocality. typelocality type locality. locality GMYC, , (GMYC) ASAP, (ASAP) Multirate Multi rate (mPTP subneuroacicular sub neuroacicular blades sp nov 22S 22 27S 27 27°S including range Florianópolis Finally (GMYC (ASAP 2

RESUMO Descrever um caso de possível diagnóstico tumor de Pindborg em fêmur distal. A paciente de 32 anos, natural da Bolívia, residente no Brasil, veio a esse serviço para investigação de massa tumoral em fêmur direito. Após feitura de biópsias e ressecção da lesão, o caso foi encaminhado para análise e consultoria nos Estados Unidos. Em laudo de revisão do Laboratório de Patologia, foi caracterizado que o aspecto histológico e o perfil imuno-histoquímico eram característicos de tumor de Pindborg. Atualmente, a paciente é acompanhada no Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da nossa instituição e apresenta boa evolução. O relato descreve o caso de uma paciente com uma neoplasia rara que foi investigada por muito tempo e com auxílio de muitos exames. O tumor de Pindborg foi sugerido com hipótese diagnóstica devido às características e ao comportamento neoplásico da lesão. A despeito de ser uma lesão mais comumente observada no âmbito odontológico, a neoplasia da paciente mostrou-se compatível com o diagnóstico. Assim, mesmo se tratando de um tumor com características benignas, há a necessidade de acompanhamento por longo tempo, haja vista o alto grau de recorrência do tumor.

ABSTRACT To describe a case of possible diagnosis of Pindborg tumor on the distal femur. A 32-years-old female patient, a native of Bolivia, resident in Brazil, arrived to this service for tumor research in the right femur. After biopsies and resection of the lesion, the case was referred to analysis and consultancy in the United States. In a report of review by the Pathology Laboratory, it was characterized the histological appearance and immunohistochemical profile were characteristic of Pindborg tumor. Currently, the patient is being followed-up at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of this institution, and presents a good evolution. This study presents the case of a patient with a rare tumor that was investigated for an extensive period and through many tests. Pindborg tumor was suggested as a diagnostic hypothesis due to the characteristics and behavior of the neoplastic lesion. Although this lesion is more commonly observed in odontology, the neoplasia was compatible with the diagnosis. Therefore, despite the fact that this tumor has benign characteristics, long-term monitoring is necessary, given the high rate of tumor recurrence.