The research aimed to evaluate the relationship between the thermal environment of the rest pens in a pig slaughterhouse and the surface temperature (ST) of the animals as well as the effect of intermittent water spraying on thermal comfort. There were two visits to slaughter industrial being in each selected three pens of rest, one for control treatment (no spray throughout the period) and two for the treatment of intermittent spraying water (30 minutes intervals with constant spray followed by 30 minutes then turned off). Assessments began at the time of discharging animals in which are taken the thermographic images from lots using an infrared thermographic camera. After housing in the pens, were registered the thermographic images and the respiratory frequency (RF) every five minutes for four hours. Were evaluated the temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index (THI). Considering the values of THI was observed that the animals remained in a condition of comfort only at the time of his arrival at the slaughterhouse. The ST and RF of the animals kept in the pens without sprinkler system (control) showed a linear increase in function of time of day, with increasing temperature. The treatment with intermittent sprinkling of water was observed oscillatory behavior of the ST and RF, however it was always lower than the control treatment, even in times when the water sprinklers were turned off. The time required of spray to reduction and stabilization of the ST of the animals was limited to the combination of temperature and relative humidity, being estimated at 25 minutes at times of higher THI. The maximum environmental temperature during evaluation was 28.4 ºC.

Se evaluó la relación entre el ambiente térmico de las pocilgas de descanso en un matadero de cerdos y la temperatura superficial (TS) de los animales, así como el efecto de la pulverización intermitente de agua sobre el confort térmico. Se llevaron a cabo dos visitas a un matadero comercial, y en cada uno de ellos fueron seleccionadas tres pocilgas de descanso, una destinada al tratamiento de control (sin pulverizar durante todo el período) y dos para el tratamiento de pulverización Intermitente de agua (sucesivamente 30 minutos con aspersión y 30 minutos sin aspersión). Las evaluaciones se iniciaron en el momento de la descarga de los animales, en la cual se registraron imágenes termográficas de los lotes con una cámara termográfica infrarroja. Después del alojamiento en la porqueriza se registraron imágenes termográficas y la frecuencia respiratoria (FR) de los animales cada cinco minutos durante cuatro horas. También fueron registradas la temperatura y la humedad relativa del aire y se calcularon los índices de temperatura y humedad (ITH). Considerando los valores de (ITH) se observó que los animales se mantuvieron en un estado de confort térmico sólo en el momento de su llegada al matadero. La TS y la FR de los animales mantenidos en la pocilga, sin el sistema de aspersión (control) presentaron una elevación lineal en función de la hora del día, o sea, conforme al aumento de la temperatura ambiental. En el tratamiento con aspersión intermitente de agua se observó un comportamiento sinusoidal del TS y FR, entretanto las mismas se mantuvieron siempre inferiores al tratamiento control, incluso en los momentos que los rociadores de agua se encontraban desconectados. El tiempo de aspersión necesario para la reducción y estabilización de la TS de los animales estuvo condicionado al binomio temperatura-humedad relativa del aire, siendo estimado en 25 minutos en los horarios de mayor ITH. La temperatura ambiente máxima durante las evaluaciones fue de 28,4 ºC.

Avaliou-se o efeito do período de descanso pré-abate e do sexo sobre a incidência de carne PSE (pale, soft, exudative) em suínos. Foram realizadas três visitas a abatedouro comercial, nas quais se mensurou o pH das carcaças (n=2128) aos 45 minutos após o abate, de lotes compostos por fêmeas, machos castrados cirurgicamente e machos imunocastrados e de lotes mistos (fêmeas e machos castrados cirurgicamente), submetidos a período de descanso que variou de duas a 16 horas. Carcaças com pH45≤5,8 foram classificadas como PSE, e com pH45>5,8 como normais. Em função do número de animais avaliados dentro de cada categoria, estimou-se a frequência de carne PSE. A incidência total de carne PSE foi de 10,1%, sendo maior nos lotes de animais imunocastrados (13,5%) quando comparados aos lotes de fêmeas (8,6%) ou de machos castrados cirurgicamente (8,5%). Períodos de descanso menores que seis horas e acima de 14 horas aumentaram a incidência de carne PSE. Período de descanso entre seis e oito horas minimizaram a ocorrência de carnes PSE.

Were evaluated the effect of lairage pre-slaughter and sex on the incidence of PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat in pigs. There were three visits to a commercial slaughterhouse, in which the pH of carcasses (n=2128) was measured at 45 minutes after slaughter of lots consisting exclusively of females, males castrated surgically, males immunologically castrated and mixed lots (females and castrated surgically) underwent a resting time, and time between the shipment and slaughter ranged from two to 16 hours. Carcasses with pH45≤5.8 were classified as PSE and with pH45>5.8 as normal. Depending on the number of animals evaluated in each category we estimated the frequency of PSE. The overall incidence of PSE meat was 10.1%, higher in lots of animals immunocastrated (13.5%) compared to lots of females (8.6%) or castrated males (8.5%). Resting time of less than six hours and up to 14 hours increased the incidence of PSE meat. Resting time between six and eight hours minimized the occurrence of PSE meat.

Analyses of mineral density in tibias and femurs of breeder ostriches had been carried on six couples 5-7 years old. During 8 weeks, 3 couples had been fed with ration of reproduction (T1) and other 3 couples with ration of maintenance (T2). It was possible to verify that the egg production was not affected by the diets, as well as the quality of egg shells. However the quality of the bones was worse for the birds fed of T2.

Realizaram-se análises da densidade óssea em tíbias e fêmures de 6 casais de avestruzes reprodutoras com idade entre 5 a 7 anos, alimentados durante 8 semanas, 3 casais com ração de reprodução (T1), e 3 casais com ração de manutenção (T2). Verificou-se que a produção de ovos não foi afetada pelas dietas, assim como a qualidade da casca dos ovos. No entanto a qualidade dos ossos foi pior para as aves do T2.

The experiment was carried out, with hens of the Shaver Brown strain in production, during 27 weeks. The objective was to evaluate the mobilization of bone calcium and phosphorus for the formation of the shell eggs, as well as to follow the variations in the bone quality along the production cycle. 64 birds had been used. The experimental desing was entirely randomized with two treatments (calcium percentage in the diet) and four repetitions of eight birds each. The used diets were isoproteic and isoenergetic adequate (3.8%) and low (1.8%) calcium levels. Analysis of bone (tibiae and femurs) mineral density (DMO) were done at 16, 22, 28, 34 and 40 weeks of age were developed. After each radiographic collection, 4 birds/treatment, were abated for the analysis of bone resistance (RO), Seedor index (IS), dry matter (MS), total mineral (MIN) and calcium and phosphorus (Ca and P). The values of egg production, production of egg mass and quality of the egg shell were also evaluated. It was possible to conclude that the birds mobilized bone minerals for the egg production, independently of the treatment and the birds receiving diets with low levels of calcium had the quality of the eggs shell damaged.

Um experimento foi realizado com duração de 27 semanas, com poedeiras da linhagem Shaver Brown em produção, seu objetivo foi avaliar a mobilização de cálcio e fósforo ósseos para a formação da casca dos ovos, assim como, acompanhar as variações na qualidade óssea ao longo do ciclo de produção. Foram utilizadas 64 aves. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (porcentagem de cálcio na dieta) e quatro repetições de oito aves cada. As dietas utilizadas foram isoprotéicas e isocalóricas, com níveis adequados (3,8%) e baixos (1,8%) de cálcio. Realizaram-se análises densidade mineral óssea (DMO) das tíbias e fêmures às 16, 22, 28, 34 e 40 semanas de idade. Após cada coleta radiográfica 4 aves por tratamento, foi abatida para realização de análise de resistência óssea (RO), índice Seedor (IS), teor de matéria seca (MS), teor de minerais totais (MIN) e os teores de cálcio e fósforo (Ca e P). Os valores de produção de ovos, produção de massa de ovos e qualidade da casca também foram avaliados. Foi possível concluir que as aves mobilizaram minerais ósseos para a produção de ovos, independentemente do tratamento e que as aves que receberam dietas com níveis baixos de cálcio tiveram a qualidade das cascas dos ovos prejudicadas.