Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the immediate region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State. METHODS: Samples and epidemiological data were collected from 105 patients. RESULTS: Leishmania infection was observed in 58 (55.2%) patients, and Leishmania braziliensis was present in 82.9% of the 41 sequenced samples. Infected patients were predominantly male (93.1%). Leishmania infection was twice as prevalent among rural inhabitants versus urban inhabitants. Lesions were more frequent in the upper limbs (arms/hands, 41.82%). CONCLUSIONS: The present data corroborate the zoonotic profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis; this information could help to improve surveillance and control strategies.

Resumo As leishmanioses são doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. A doença apresenta duas manifestações clínicas: leishmaniose visceral (LV) e cutânea (LC). No Brasil, a LV está em expansão. A participação do cão como reservatório é importante para a epidemiologia da doença, pois os casos caninos geralmente precedem os humanos. O presente estudo avaliou a ocorrência de LV em cães (LVC) do município de Ji-Paraná por meio de ensaios de PCR, utilizando-se amostras de sangue. O DNA de Leishmania foi detectado em dois dos 105 cães estudados. Os produtos da PCR foram sequenciados e confirmaram que duas amostras (1,90%) eram Leishmania infantum. Os cães tinham histórico alóctone. Os resultados positivos encontrados servem de alerta aos órgãos públicos de saúde. Isso porque Ji-Paraná é o terceiro município a registrar casos de LVC no estado de Rondônia. Dessa forma, reforça-se a importância da ampliação dos estudos sobre a epidemiologia e vigilância da LV na região.

Abstract Leishmaniases are zoonotic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The disease has two clinical manifestations described in humans: visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis. In Brazil, there has been an expansion of human VL. The participation of the dog as a reservoir of Leishmania infantum, the agent of VL, is important for the epidemiology of the disease since canine cases generally precede human cases. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. infection in dogs in the municipality of Ji-Paraná by PCR assays using blood samples. Leishmania DNA was detected in two of the 105 studied dogs. The PCR products were sequenced and confirmed that the two samples (1.90%) correspond to L. infantum. The dogs had allochthonous history. Therefore, the positive results found here should serve as a warning to public health agencies. This is because Ji-Paraná is the third municipality to register cases of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Rondônia state. Thus, reinforcing the importance of expanding studies on the epidemiology and surveillance of VL in the region.

Um bovino Guzerá, fêmea, adulto, com histórico de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita de duração de duas semanas, morreu durante o transporte ao hospital veterinário. À necropsia, o lobo pulmonar cranial esquerdo estava moderadamente aumentado de tamanho e firme. O parênquima do lobo afetado era branco e continha múltiplas áreas de 0,3 a 1,5cm de diâmetro, amareladas e caseosas. Alterações semelhantes foram observadas nos linfonodos mediastínicos e brônquicos, no pericárdio parietal, no epicárdio e na adventícia da artéria pulmonar. Histologicamente, a massa tecidual do lobo pulmonar era constituída por células epiteliais neoplásicas de padrão acinar, com duas ou mais camadas celulares, algumas com projeções papilares intraluminais. A anisocariose era acentuada, e o índice mitótico, moderado (dois a três por campo de maior aumento). Envolvendo as neoformações, observava-se abundante tecido conjuntivo fibroso. Focos de necrose e mineralização eram multifocais moderados. Alterações histológicas semelhantes foram observadas nos linfonodos brônquicos, nos mediastínicos, nos pericárdios visceral e parietal e na adventícia da artéria pulmonar. Com exceção do fígado com congestão generalizada crônica, não foram observadas alterações macro e microscópicas em outros órgãos. Os achados histológicos foram compatíveis com adenocarcinoma pulmonar, com metástases regionais. O quadro de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita provavelmente foi decorrente do impedimento da drenagem linfática pelas metástases.

An adult Guzera cow, dysplaying for two weeks signs of right-sided congestive heart failure died during the transport to the veterinary hospital. At necropsy, the left cranial lung lobe was moderately increased in volume and firm. The parenchyma of the affected lung lobe was white and contained multiple 0.3 to 1.5cm in diameter, yellow, dry, friable nodules. Similar changes were observed in bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, parietal pericardium, epicardium, and adventitia of the pulmonary artery. Microscopically, the pulmonary tissue mass was composed of neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in acini lined by two or more layers, some with intraluminal papillary projections. Anisokaryosis was marked, and mitotic index was moderate (2-3 mitosis in high field). Abundant fibrous connective tissue surrounded the neoplastic cell aggregates. Foci of necrosis and mineralization were moderate. Similar microscopic changes were observed in bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, visceral and parietal pericardium and adventitia of the pulmonary artery. With liver chronic generalized congestion exception, no other macro or microscopic lesions were observed. Microscopic findings were consistent with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with regional metastases. The right-sided congestive heart failure was probably due to obstruction of lymphatic drainage by metastases.