RESUMEN El vínculo de los resultados científicos de la Maestría Didáctica de las Ciencias Naturales con la localidad y la vida desde la actividad científica educacional en la comunidad avileña constituye una necesidad y prioridad en la realización de investigaciones educativas dentro del área de las Ciencias Naturales. Este trabajo está dirigido a encontrar en las Tesis defendidas cómo se vincula el resultado científico con la localidad y la vida, requisito indispensable para el trabajo con los estudiantes en formación de las carreras Licenciatura en Educación Biología, Geografía y Química. La búsqueda documental se ha llevado a cabo a partir del análisis de la triangulación de los resultados científicos durante el período 2017-2021. Una valoración crítica del análisis de los mismos demuestra que el vínculo con la localidad y la vida está presente en las investigaciones de las Ciencias Naturales. Una regularidad es que la mayoría evidencian ese vínculo desde la propuesta didáctica y metodológica que ofrecen, por constituir la escuela o la institución parte de la localidad y comunidad avileña. Es válido aclarar que las Tesis que abordan la Geografía fue la que mayor acercamiento en fundamentos teóricos y prácticos tuvo en vínculo con la localidad y la vida.

ABSTRACT The link of the scientific results of the Didactic Master of Natural Sciences with the locality and life from the educational scientific activity in the Ciego de Avila community constitutes a necessity and priority in carrying out educational research within the area of Natural Sciences. This work is aimed at finding in the defended Theses how the scientific result is linked to the locality and life, an essential requirement for work with students in training of the Bachelor of Education in Biology, Geography and Chemistry. The documentary search has been carried out from the analysis of the triangulation of scientific results during the period 2017-2021. A critical assessment of their analysis shows that the link with the locality and life is present in the investigations of the Natural Sciences. A regularity is that the majority show this link from the didactic and methodological proposal that they offer, because the school or the institution constitutes part of the town and community of Ciego de Avila. It is valid to clarify that the Theses that address Geography was the one that had the greatest approach in theoretical and practical foundations in connection with the locality and life.

Abstract Iodine (I) is a non-essential element for plants; however, the application of the element has shown positive effects on plants grown in optimal conditions or under stress. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of iodine on the concentration of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic pigments in leaves of three fig cultivars subjected to salt stress. Eight-month-old fig plants were established under a completely randomized experimental design with a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement: three fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.): Brown Turkey, Kadota and Black Mission; two levels of NaCl (0 and 100 mmol L-1) and two levels of iodine (0 and 10 mg L-1). The analyses of variance showed the impact of the main factors (cultivars, NaCl and I) and the interaction between them. The application of iodine on fig seedlings increased the concentration of chlorophyll a, regardless of the cultivar and the concentration of NaCl. The number of new leaves and their dry weight were affected by the interaction between NaCl and I, these variables increased with the presence of I in saline condition. The relative content of total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity by DPPH and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) showed interaction between the cultivars, the levels of NaCl and the concentration of I, where the values of these variables were increased by the presence of I under salinity conditions. Due to the above, iodine could be considered as an alternative to mitigate the stress caused by NaCl in Ficus carica L. plants.

Resumen El yodo (I) es un elemento no esencial para las plantas; sin embargo, la aplicación del elemento ha demostrado efectos positivos en plantas cultivadas en condiciones óptimas o bajo estrés. El objetivo de este experimento fue evaluar el impacto del yodo sobre la concentración de compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante y pigmentos fotosintéticos en hojas de tres cultivares de higuera sometidas a estrés salino. Plantas de higuera de ocho meses de edad fueron establecidas bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3x2x2: tres cultivares de higuera (Ficus carica L.): Brown Turkey, Kadota y Black Mission; dos niveles de NaCl (0 y 100 mmol L-1) y dos niveles de yodo (0 y 10 mg L-1). Los análisis de varianza mostraron impacto de los factores (cultivares, NaCl y I) y la interacción entre ellos. La aplicación de yodo en plántulas de higuera incrementó la concentración de clorofila a, independiente del cultivar y la concentración de NaCl. El número de hojas nuevas y el peso seco fue impactado por la interacción entre NaCl y I, incrementándose estás variables con la presencia de I en condición salina. El contenido relativo de fenoles totales, flavonoides totales, capacidad antioxidante por DPPH y pigmentos fotosintéticos (clorofilas y carotenoides) mostraron interacción entre los cultivares, los niveles de NaCl y la concentración de I, donde los valores de las variables fueron incrementados por la presencia de I en condiciones salinas. Por lo anterior, el I podría considerarse como alternativa para mitigar el estrés provocado por NaCl en plantas de Ficus carica L.

The use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA) as a chelating agent presents ideal characteristics to be used for the removal of lead from a contaminated site. Batch experiments together with a simple local equilibrium model were carried out to evaluate the role of EDTA as enhancing agent in electrokinetic remediation of a Pb-contaminated soil. According to preliminary results, Pb removal was close to 85% after 9 hours. Hence, electrokinetic experiments were designed implementing a pH control system at both electrode-compartments. From first experiments, no important Pb recovery was obtained probably due to the counteracting effect of the electroosmotic and electromigration movement of Pb-species. The use of an iron anode instead of a platinum anode involved the recovery of a high percentage of Pb (80%) at the cathode. These results were associated with the behavior of the iron as a sacrificial anode. Furthermore, the formation of Fe(EDTA)- hinders the formation of Pb(EDTA)2-, which entails the dissolution of the contaminant as Pb2+. Therefore, the Pb species are transported toward the cathode by electromigration and electroosmosis. Furthermore, the competition between the oxidation of iron and the water electrolysis entailed a lower consumption of NaOH to control pH value at the anode compartment.

ABSTRACT A 9-year-old female patient is referred to Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja Children's University Hospital in Holguín with a presumptive diagnosis of left orbital cellulitis. The patient has an antecedent of ipsilateral ocular trauma by a wooden object one year before, which resulted in visual acuity reduction in the left eye. Ophthalmological examination revealed edema and purulent secretion along a fistulous tract in the lower eyelid. Suspicion of the presence of a plant foreign body leads to performance of echography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits. It is decided to apply an extradural pterional approach and a wooden fragment is extracted. Antibiotic therapy is indicated and secretion disappears 48 hours after surgery. The patient's evolution has been favorable. Eye trauma is common, but the presence of intraorbital foreign bodies is a rare event that triggers a local inflammatory process whose magnitude will depend on its nature. Imaging studies are indispensable for diagnosis and surgical planning.

RESUMEN Paciente femenina de 9 años de edad, remitida al Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Holguín “Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja”, con el diagnóstico presuntivo de celulitis orbitaria izquierda. Se recoge el antecedente de trauma ocular ipsilateral con objeto de madera hacía un año, por lo que presentó como secuela disminución de la agudeza visual del ojo izquierdo. Al examen oftalmológico presentaba edema y secreciones purulentas a través de trayecto fistuloso en el párpado inferior. Se le realiza ecografía, tomografía computarizada e imagen por resonancia magnética de cráneo y órbitas, con sospecha de cuerpo extraño vegetal. Se decide realizar abordaje pterional extradural, y se logra la extracción de fragmento de madera. Cursa con tratamiento antibiótico con desaparición de las secreciones a las 48 horas del posoperatorio. La evolución ha sido favorable. Los traumas oculares son frecuentes, pero la presencia de cuerpos extraños intraorbitarios son eventos raros que desencadenan un proceso inflamatorio local, cuya magnitud estará en relación con la naturaleza de este. Los estudios imagenológicos son un elemento indispensable para el diagnóstico y la planificación quirúrgica.

This article details the world trade of beef in the period 2006-2015. The analysis of trade flows allows to identify the existence of important players at the country level, certain market concentration both from supply and demand in all the tariff positions involved and the presence of a regional pattern of trade. Notwithstanding the foregoing, some countries differ from this behavior, as is the case of Southern Cone exporters that access markets such as Russia, China, Hong Kong and Angola, or the United States and Australia. When comparing the situation among the Mercosur countries, it is obtained on the one hand, an unequal behavior of Argentina with respect to its commercial partners and on the other hand, the relevance acquired by certain destinations for Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay.

El presente artículo detalla el comercio mundial de carne vacuna en el período 2006-2015. El análisis de los flujos comerciales permite identificar la existencia de importantes jugadores a nivel país, cierta concentración de mercado tanto desde la oferta como desde la demanda en todas las posiciones arancelarias involucradas y la presencia de un patrón regional de comercio. No obstante lo anterior, algunos países se diferencian de este comportamiento como es el caso de los exportadores del Cono Sur que acceden a mercados como Rusia, China, Hong Kong y Angola, o de Estados Unidos y Australia. Al comparar la situación entre los países del Mercosur, se obtiene como resultado por un lado, un desigual comportamiento de Argentina respecto de sus socios comerciales y por otro, la relevancia que adquirieron ciertos destinos para Brasil, Uruguay y Paraguay.

Abstract Introduction: Protected agriculture has grown considerably in recent years. Temperature is a very important factor that must be considered in greenhouse crop production. The high and low temperatures influence the crops production. Therefore, the temperature is the main climate variable to select an area to install a greenhouse. Method: Regions classification was carried out with data of 22 locations in the State of Nuevo Leon using two methodologies, one considering the mean monthly temperature external to the greenhouse and another method of classification using multivariate analysis. The criterion of classification using monthly temperatures was: when average monthly external temperatures were below 15 °C it was classified as “cold month”; Temperatures in the range of 15 to 22 °C were classified as "optimal"; Temperatures in the range of 22 to 27 °C were classified as “hot” and temperatures above 27 °C were classified as ”very hot”. A stratification of the localities was also carried out using the multivariate model of cluster analysis with the height above sea level and the annual average temperature as variables. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed between the height average and monthly temperatures. Results: Results showed that the methodology used allows to classify different regions according to the average monthly temperatures. Regarding the classification analysis using multivariate statistics, the k-means analysis for k = 4 identified four groups, of which the one and two belong to the high localities and the three and four groups to the lower localities. Considering both classification methods, it was concluded that the high region presents better probabilities of success for the greenhouse production and within this region, the lower asnm localities are more suitable and in the lower region the higher asnm localities are preferable. Considering the correlation analyzes of Pearson and Sperman, it was found that the asnm can be an indicator to define suitable regions to produce in the greenhouse. Conclusion: The multivariate analysis of k-means to classify data sets according to a predetermined number of groups was an adequate strategy to classify regions to install greenhouses, together with other methodologies such as the one based on monthly average temperatures, which is described in the present publication.

Resumen Introducción: La producción de cultivos en invernadero ha crecido considerablemente en los últimos años. La temperatura es un factor importante que debe considerarse cuando se pretende incursionar en la agricultura protegida. Las altas y bajas temperaturas influyen en el desarrollo de los cultivos, por lo que es la principal variable climática que debe ser considerada para seleccionar la zona más adecuada para la instalación de invernaderos. Método: La clasificación de regiones se llevó a cabo con datos de 22 localidades del Estado de Nuevo León, utilizando dos metodologías: una considera las temperaturas medias mensuales externas al invernadero, y otra mediante análisis de conglomerados. El criterio de clasificación de las temperaturas externas fue el siguiente: cuando las temperaturas medias mensuales externas eran inferiores a 15 °C se clasificó como “mes frío”; en temperaturas en el rango de 15 a 22 °C se clasificó como “óptimo”; en temperaturas en el rango de 22 a 27 °C se clasificó como “caliente”; y temperaturas mayores a 27 °C se clasificó como “muy caliente”. También se realizó una estratificación de las localidades utilizando un análisis multivariado de análisis de conglomerados con el método de las k-medias, considerando como variables la altura sobre el nivel del mar y la temperatura media anual. Además, se realizaron análisis de correlación entre las variables altura sobre el nivel del mar (asnm) y temperatura media mensual. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la metodología utilizada permite clasificar distintas regiones en función de la temperatura media. En cuanto al análisis de clasificación utilizando estadística multivariada, el análisis de k-medias para k=4 identificó cuatro grupos, de los cuales el uno y el dos pertenecen a las localidades con asnm mayores a 1700 m; y los grupos tres y cuatro a las localidades con asnm menores a 600 m. Considerando ambos métodos de clasificación se concluyó que la región alta presenta mejores condiciones para instalar invernaderos, y dentro de esta región, las localidades de menor asnm. Dentro de la región baja son preferibles las localidades de mayor asnm. Considerando los análisis de correlación de Pearson y Sperman, se encontró que la asnm puede ser un indicador para definir regiones adecuadas para producir en invernadero. Conclusión: El análisis multivariado de k-medias para clasificar conjuntos de datos de acuerdo con un predeterminado número de grupos resultó una estrategia adecuada para clasificar regiones para instalar invernaderos, aunado a otras metodologías como la basada en temperaturas medias mensuales, la cual se describe en la presente publicación.

Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os fatores associados às falhas dos equipamentos da colheitadeira de cana-de-açúcar, cujas máquinas têm grande importância no processo de colheita e nos custos envolvidos. Parte dos dados foi originalmente fornecida por uma empresa localizada no interior de São Paulo, de duas máquinas, coletadas de janeiro de 2015 a agosto de 2017, correspondendo a 2,5 culturas. O conjunto geral de dados foi obtido de três fontes diferentes: um sistema de rastreamento de parada, que fornece o rastreamento de um histórico de manutenção preventiva e corretiva do equipamento analisado; dados de telemetria do equipamento, capturados através de sistemas de computador embarcados, instalados no tipo de máquina em estudo, que fornecem informações sobre sua operação; e dados meteorológicos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia do Brasil. Análises multivariadas foram usadas, como componentes principais e modelos de regressão múltipla, criando, assim, um modelo de previsão considerando a próxima interrupção do equipamento e apontando as causas de falhas no processo. Assim, os resultados apontam para algumas melhorias relacionadas ao esquema de confiabilidade individualizado, a fim de reduzir o número de paradas corretivas dadas ao equipamento.

Abstract: The present study aimed to analyze factors associated with the equipment failures of the sugarcane harvester, whose machineries has high importance in the harvest process and cost involved. Part of the data was originally provided by a company located in the countryside of Sao Paulo State, from two machines, collected from January 2015 to August 2017, corresponding to 2.5 crops. The overall dataset was obtained from three different sources: a stop-tracking system, which provides the track of a preventive and corrective maintenance historical of the analyzed equipment; telemetry data of the equipment, captured through embedded computer systems, installed in the machine’ type under study, which provide information on its operation; and meteorological data from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Multivariate analyzes were used such as principal components and multiple regression models, therefore creating a model for prediction considering the next equipment’ break, then pointing to causes of process failures. Thus, the results point to some improvements concerned with individualized reliability scheme in order to reduce the number of corrective stops given the equipment.

Resumen El estudio se propuso analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Participant Role Appoach (PRA) para medir roles de espectadores en el acoso escolar en pre-adolescentes. Participaron 787 estudiantes, 415 (52.7%) niños (M edad=10.59, DE=.66 años) y 372 (47.3%) niñas (M edad=10.51, DE=.64 años). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio sugirieron que el modelo de tres roles (pro-acoso, pro-social y no comprometido) se ajusta mejor a los datos que el de cuatro roles (alentador, asistente, defensor y no comprometido). La PRA mostró invariancia de medición en ambos sexos, y evidencias de validez concurrente. Se concluyó que la escala posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la medición de roles de espectadores en pre-adolescentes.

Abstract The objective of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Positive Adolescent Development Value Scale (EVDPA, according to its acronym in Spanish) in Chilean students. The sample for the study was made up of 2250 adolescent male and female students between the ages of 12 and 21, from 25 secondary schools in Chile. A robust analysis procedure based on the cross-validation method was used. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis made it possible to obtain a reduced factorial structure with three latent factors: social values, personal values, and individualistic values. Evidence of reliability due to internal coherence was favorable. The conclusion is that despite the significant reduction of items and first-order dimensions, the EVDPA delivers sufficient evidence and can be used in the population of Chilean adolescent students.

Resumo O estudo propôs-se a analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Participant Role Approach (PRA) para medir os papéis de observadores no bullying em pré-adolescentes. Participaram 787 estudantes, 415 (52.7%) meninos (M idade=io.59, DP=.66 anos) e 372 (47.3%) meninas (M idade=io.5i, DP=.64 anos). Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatoria sugeriram que o modelo de três papéis (pró-bullying, pró-social e não comprometido) ajusta-se melhor aos dados do que o modelo de quatro papéis (encorajador, assistente, defensor e não comprometido). A PRA mostrou invariância de medição em ambos os sexos e evidências de validez concorrente. Concluiu-se que a escala tem propriedades psicométricas adequadas para a medição de papéis de observadores em pré-adolescentes.

Resumen En este estudio para la disminución del tamaño de partícula del almidón de papa, se llevaron a cabo métodos de hidrólisis ácida y ultrasonidos al mismo tiempo. Las micropartículas de almidón (SMP) obtenidas se modificaron con monómero de acrilamida (AM) mediante irradiación de microondas, empleando una pequeña concentración de iniciador químico. Se encontró que, con una baja concentración de persulfato de potasio (PPS) en medio acuoso y asistencia de microondas, las micropartículas de almidón injertadas con acrilamida podrían prepararse rápidamente. El almidón nativo, las micropartículas de almidón y los copolímeros injertados se caracterizaron por diversas técnicas analíticas. El análisis por espectroscopía infrarroja de transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) demuestra la unión del grupo acrilamida a las cadenas de micropartículas de almidón. La difracción de rayos X (XRD) y la microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) demuestran un incremento en la región amorfa de las micropartículas de almidón y copolímeros injertados, mientras que el análisis termogravimétrico (TGA) destacó el aumento de la estabilidad térmica de los copolímeros en comparación con las micropartículas de almidón de papa.

Abstract In this study on decreasing the particle size of the potato starch, ultrasound and acid hydrolysis methods were carried out at the same time. The starch microparticles (SMP) obtained were modified with acryl-amide(AM) monomer by microwave irradiation, employing a small concentration of chemical initiator. It was found that, with a low concentration of potassium persulfate (PPS) in aqueous medium and microwave assistance, starch microparticles grafted with acrylamide could be prepared quickly. Native starch, starch microparticles and grafted copolymers were characterized by various analytical techniques. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrates group acrylamide attachment to starch microparticles chains. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrate an increased amorphous region of starch microparticles and grafted copolymers, while the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlighted the increase in thermal stability of the copolymers in comparison to potato starch microparticles.

Resumen Se sintetizo la amina aromática (4,4’-(4,4’-isopropilidendifenil-1-1’-diioxi) dianilina), con el anhídrido 4,4’-(isopropilidendifenoxi) bis (anhídrido ftalico) (IDBPA)), para obtener una poliimida a la cual por medio de irradiación de microondas se le injerto a la cadena principal el monómero ε-caprolactama. La poli (caprolactama) obtenida tiene buenas características terminas de acuerdo a los resultados de DSC Y TGA. La poliimida se caracterizó por las técnicas analíticas, espectroscopia infrarroja de transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) y resonancia magnética nuclear ¹HRMN.

Abstract The aromatic amine (4, 40-(4, 40-isopropylidene-diphenyl-1-10-diyldioxy) dianiline), was synthesized with the anhydride 4, 40(4, 40 (isopropylidene-diphenoxy) bis (phthalic anhydride) (IDBPA)), to obtain a polyimide which by microwave irradiation was grafted to the backbone a Caprolactam monomer. The poly (Caprolactam) obtained has good finish characteristics according to DSC and TGA results. The polyimide was characterized by instrumental techniques such as; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 1HNMR.

Uma importante consequência da eutrofização é o incremento e persistência das florações algais nocivas que afetam as águas de transição e costeiras, e ecossistemas em mar aberto. Neste trabalho, dados sobre a biomassa do fitoplâncton, presença de florações algais nocivas/tóxicas e oxigénio dissolvido no fundo foram analisados como indicadores da condição eutrófica geral na Baía de Cienfuegos, Cuba. Foram recolhidas amostras a cada três meses durante o ano de 2009 em quinze locais representativas dentro da baía. Nas estações da seca e do começo do período chuvoso, altos valores de clorofila a, florações algais nocivas/tóxicas e episódios de mortandades de peixes foram encontrados dentro de zonas de descargas de rios e de resíduos urbanos, enquanto a maior parte da baía não evidenciou sintomas de eutrofização. Durante o período chuvoso, alguns locais mostraram estresse biológico-hypoxia para o oxigénio dissolvido no fundo e um forte incremento na dispersão espacial foi observado na biomassa do fitoplâncton devido a um incremento substancial na abundancia de diatomáceas não tóxicas, resultando num nível moderado de eutrofização para a clorofila a em toda a baía. O fator chave que suporta a variação sazonal na composição e abundância do fitoplâncton parece ser o tempo de residência da água dentro da baía.

An important consequence of eutrophication is the increased prevalence of harmful algal blooms that affect transitional and coastal waters, and ecosystems in open seas. In this work, data on phytoplankton biomass, presence of harmful/toxic algal blooms and bottom dissolved oxygen were analyzed as indicators of overall eutrophic condition in the Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. Samples were collected every three months during the year 2009 at fifteen representative stations within the bay. In the dry and early rainy seasons, high chlorophyll a values, harmful/toxic dinoflagellate blooms and fish mortality episodes were encountered within riverine-urban wastewater discharge zones, whilst most part of the bay did not evidence symptoms of eutrophication. During the rainy season, some stations showed biological stress-hypoxia for the bottom water oxygen, and a strong increase in spatial dispersion was observed in the phytoplankton biomass, due to a substantial increment in not toxic diatom abundance, resulting in a moderate level of eutrophic conditions for chlorophyll a in the entire bay. The key factor that supports the seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition and abundance appears to be the water residence time inside the bay.

The aim of this study was to determine if the social self-concept, psychosocial adaptation issues and family climate variables differentiate aggressors-victims, victims and aggressors. In addition, to establish a discriminating function which allow a classification of students. To do this, we identified 245 students involved in bullying: 50 victims and 63 aggressorsvictims and 132 aggressors. With a discriminating analysis it was found that the mentioned variables differentiate subgroups and properly classified up to 70% of the cases. The aggressors-victims were the most vulnerable, since they have a lower social self-concept, greater psychosocial adaptation problems and the most unfavorable family climate. The aggressors have higher social self-concept and greater difficulty in psychosocial adaptation and the family atmosphere, compared with the victims. It is concluded that the findings demonstrate that subgroups have characteristics which distinguish them, which suggests the need of different intervention strategies.

El presente estudio planteó como objetivo determinar si las variables autoconcepto social, problemas de adaptación psicosocial y clima familiar, diferencian a víctimas, agresores-víctimas y agresores; además, establecer una función discriminante a partir de la cual se permita una clasificación de los estudiantes. Para ello, se identificaron a 245 estudiantes involucrados en el bullying: 50 víctimas, 63 agresores-víctimas y 132 agresores. Con un análisis discriminante se encontró que las variables mencionadas diferencian a los subgrupos y clasifican adecuadamente al 70% de los casos. Los agresores-víctimas fueron más vulnerables, ya que poseen un autoconcepto social más bajo, mayores problemas de adaptación psicosocial y clima familiar más desfavorable. Los agresores poseen autoconcepto social más alto y mayor dificultad tanto en la adaptación psicosocial como en el clima familiar, comparado con las víctimas. Se concluye que los hallazgos evidencian que los subgrupos presentan características que los distinguen, lo cual sugiere la necesidad de estrategias de intervención diferenciadas.

Introduction: The cardiometabolics diseases cause 30% of deaths in the world, seven of ten Mexicans have overweight or obesity, conditioners of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To study prevalence of cardiometabolics factors of risk in students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences and Biological ''Dr. Ignacio Chávez'', in Morelia, Michoacán. Material and Methods: Study cross-sectional, descriptive, random and voluntary epidemiologist, familiars here to factors of cardiometabolics risk like the age, sex, antecedents, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco addiction, obesity, premature ischemic cardiopathy and physical activity were evaluated. Results: Of 141 students 67 (47.5%) men and 74 (52.5%) women, homogenous average of age men 22.66 ± 0.10 women, 22.23 ± 0.18 women 9 (6.38%) and men 15 (10.63%) are smokers. The abdominal risk in man 5 (3.50) of ( > 102 cm), and women 13 (9.20%) ( > 88 cm). The value of normal total cholesterol was in women 73 (51.80%) and in men 64 (45.40%). Conclusions: A lifted percentage of college students presented/displayed overweight, obesity, tobacco addiction, arterial hypertension and alteration of the lipoid profile. Some factors of risk are modifiable with changes of life style, is necessary that authorities in health and education take measures to establish healthful styles of life.

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiometabólicas son causa de 30% de las muertes en el mundo, siete de cada 10 mexicanos tienen sobrepeso u obesidad, condicionantes de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Estudiar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas ''Dr. Ignacio Chávez'' de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo en Morelia, Michoacán. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo, aleatorio y voluntario. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular como edad, sexo, antecedentes heredofamiliares, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, tabaquismo, obesidad, cardiopatía isquémica prematura y actividad física. Resultados: De 141 estudiantes, 67 (47.5%) fueron hombres y 74 (52.5%) mujeres, el promedio de edad (homogéneo 22.66 ± 0.18 varones y 22.23 ± 0.10 mujeres). Fumadores mujeres 9 (6.38%) y hombres 15 (10.63%); el perímetro abdominal en 5 hombres (3.5 %) fue > 102 cm, y en 13 mujeres (9.20%) > 88 cm. El valor de colesterol total normal en mujeres fue de 73 (51.80%) y en hombres de 64 (45.40%). Conclusiones: Un porcentaje elevado de universitarios presentaron sobrepeso, obesidad, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial y alteración del perfil lipídico. Algunos factores de riesgo son modificables con cambios de estilo de vida. Es necesario que autoridades en salud y educación tomen medidas para establecer estilos de vida saludables.