Resumo O presente estudo examina as correlações entre 15 caracteres morfométricos e 10 caracteres merísticos e comprimento total (CT) de machos, fêmeas e sexos combinados de Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833), coletados do porto de Karachi, West Wharf, na costa de Karachi. As análises estatísticas das relações de regressão linear mostraram, principalmente, correlações fortes (r ≥ 0,70; p < 0,05) entre o CT e a maioria dos caracteres morfométricos em machos, fêmeas e sexos combinados, exceto a altura da nadadeira peitoral e o comprimento da base da nadadeira pélvica, enquanto os caracteres merísticos foram constantes, indicando correlações fracas ou negativas (r ≤ 0,50; p > 0,05) com o CT. Portanto, de acordo com nossos resultados, existe uma relação direta entre o CT dos peixes e todos os caracteres morfométricos, que foram considerados os melhores indicadores de crescimento do padrão alométrico positivo em peixes. Além disso, a análise do teste t de duas amostras revelou (teste t; p > 0,05) que nenhum dimorfismo sexual foi relatado em A. vari. Assim, o presente estudo pode ser valioso na classificação sistemática, dimorfismo sexual e manejo dessa espécie na costa de Karachi.

Abstract The present study examines the correlations between fifteen morphometric and ten meristic characters and total length (TL) of males, females, and combined sexes of Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833) collected from Karachi fish harbor, West Wharf of Karachi Coast. Statistical analyses of linear regression relationships show mostly strong correlations (r≥0.70; p<0.05) between total length (TL) and most morphometric characters in males, females, and combined sexes, except the height of pectoral-fin (PFH), and pelvic-fin base length (PelFL); whereas, meristic characters were found to be constant and indicate weak or negative type correlations (r≤0.50; p>0.05) with total length (TL). Hence, according to our present results, there is a direct relationship between the total length of fish and all morphometric characters, which were found to be the best indicators of positive allometric pattern growth in fish. Moreover, analysis of the 2-sample t-test revealed (t-test; p>0.05) that no sexual dimorphism was reported in Alepes vari. Thus, our present study could be valuable in systematic classification, sexual dimorphism, and management of this species on the Karachi coast.

Resumo A salinidade é um dos parâmetros ambientais mais críticos em relação à fisiologia dos peixes, modificando a ingestão de alimentos e o desempenho de crescimento em muitas espécies. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos de diferentes níveis de salinidade no desempenho de crescimento, alimentação e sobrevivência de jovens espécies de robalos asiáticos Lates calcarifer, as quais foram criadas sob salinidade 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 22 (T3), 36 (T4) e 42 (T5) ppt. Aproximadamente 830 indivíduos de peixes com peso médio de 1,24 ± 0,52 g foram distribuídos aleatoriamente (166 peixes / tanque) em cinco tanques de concreto (cada tanque tinha 30 × 6 × 4 pés (9,1 x 1,8 x 1,2 metros), com volume de 19,12 litros) por 40 dias. Os peixes foram inicialmente alimentados com uma dieta contendo 42% de proteína bruta a uma taxa de 6% do seu peso corporal por dia. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de salinidade teve um efeito significativo no ganho de peso (GP), ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD), taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), taxa de conversão alimentar (TCA), taxa de sobrevivência (TS), biomassa total e índices de saúde (p < 0,05). O maior GP (39,11 ± 1,49 g), GPMD (1,00 ± 0,12 g), TCE (8,74 ± 0,03% d-1) e o menor TCA (0,96 ± 0,20) foram observados com o tratamento T3, que foi significativamente superior em comparação com os outros tratamentos (p < 0,05). Entre os índices de saúde, os maiores índices hepatossomáticos e viscerossomáticos foram encontrados no tratamento T3, significativamente superior do que os demais grupos (p < 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos quanto à TS (p > 0,05), mas a TS máxima (98,89 ± 0,0%) foi observada nos tratamentos T3 e T2. O nível máximo de proteína bruta (19,99 ± 1,4%) foi encontrado na composição bioquímica dos corpos dos jovens robalos asiáticos no grupo T3. A regressão polinomial de segunda ordem mostrou que a salinidade de 20 ppt é ótima para o melhor crescimento do robalo asiático. Assim, o presente estudo recomenda salinidade de 20 a 36 ppt para o cultivo comercial de robalo asiático em sistema de aquicultura fechado.

Abstract Salinity is one of the most critical environmental parameters regarding fish physiology, modifying food intake and growth performance in many fish species. The present study has investigated the effects of different salinity levels on growth performance, feeding and survival of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer juveniles. Asian seabass juveniles were reared at 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 22 (T3), 36 (T4), and 42 (T5) ppt salinity. Approximately eight hundred thirty fish individuals with an average weight of 1.24±0.52 g were randomly distributed (166 fish/Tank) in 5 concrete tanks (each tank 30×6×4 ft, volume 19,122 L) for forty days. Juveniles were initially fed 42% crude protein-containing diets at a rate of 6% of their body weight per day. The results showed that salinity level had a significant effect on the weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (ADWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), total biomass and health indices (p<0.05). The highest WG (39.11±1.49 g), ADWG (1.00±0.12 g), SGR (8.74±0.03% d-1) and lowest FCR (0.96±0.20) were observed with T3 treatment, which was significantly higher compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05). Among the health indices, the highest hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were found with T3 treatment, significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were found among the treatments in terms of survival rate (p>0.05), but the maximum survival rate (98.89±0.0%) was observed in the T3 and T2 treatments. The maximum level of crude proteins (19.99±1.4%) was found in the whole-body biochemical composition of Asian seabass juveniles in the T3 treatment group. The second-order polynomial regression showed that 20 ppt salinity is optimum for the best growth of Asian seabass. Thus, the present study recommends 20 to 36 ppt salinity for the commercial farming of Asian seabass under a closed aquaculture system.

Resumo O objetivo básico deste estudo foi determinar a diversidade ictiofaunística do rio Panjkora nos distritos de Lower e Upper de Dir, na província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão. Amostras de peixes foram coletadas com redes de arrasto de março a setembro de 2020. Foram coletados 724 espécimes, classificados em 5 famílias, 14 gêneros e 18 espécies. Os resultados gerais revelaram que a maioria da ictiofauna do rio Panjkora contém 8 espécies da família Cyprinidae (56,49%), seguidas por 4 espécies de Nemacheilidae (24,44%), 2 espécies de Channidae (10,63%) e Sisoridae (7,04%) e 1 espécie de Mastacembelidae (1,38%). Entre todas as espécies de peixes, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16,57%) foi altamente predominante, seguida por Carassius auratus (11,87%) e Racoma labiata (9,66%), e elas foram relatadas como altamente abundantes, especialmente nos meses de abril, maio e junho. As espécies menos abundantes foram Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii e Mastacembelus armatus, que constituíram 2,48%, 2,20% e 1,38%, respectivamente, do total de peixes amostrados. O índice de diversidade de Simpson (1-D = 0,919), o índice recíproco de Simpson (1/D = 12,3876) e o índice de Shannon (H = 2,68) indicaram que o rio Panjkora contém um grupo bastante rico e diversificado de espécies de peixes. Os microplásticos mais altos foram observados no local 7 em comparação com outra área de estudo. Medidas de conservação devem ser tomadas como prioridade máxima para proteger e conservar o ambiente marinho e o patrimônio natural de novas perdas e extinção e para parar ou minimizar as perdas ocorridas por práticas de pesca irresponsáveis.

Abstract The basic aim of this study was aimed to determine the ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora in both upper and lower Dir districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Fish samples were collected by using fishnets from March to September 2020. A total of 724 specimens were collected and classified into 5 families, 14 genera, and 18 species. The overall results revealed that most fish fauna of river Panjkora contains 8 species of family Cyprinidae (56.49%) followed by 4 species of Nemacheilidae (24.44%), 2 species of Channidae (10.63%), and Sisoridae (7.04%), and 1 species of Mastacembelidae (1.38%), respectively. Among all kinds of fish species, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16.57%) was highly dominated and followed by Carassius auratus (11.87%) and Racoma labiata (9.66%) and were reported as highly abundant, especially during April, May, and June. The least abundant species were Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii, and Mastacembelus armatus, that constituting 2.48%, 2.20%, and 1.38% of the total fish samples. The Overall Simpson’s diversity (1-D= 0.919) and Simpson’s Reciprocal index values (1/D= 12.3876), and Shannon’s index (H= 2.68) were indicating that river Panjkora contains a quite rich and diverse group of fish species. The highest microplastics observed in site 7 compared to other study area. Conservation steps should be taken as a top priority to protect and conserve the marine environment and natural heritage from further loss, extinction and stop or minimize losses incurred through irresponsible fishery practices

Resumo A seca é um dos estresses abióticos mais prejudiciais que dificultam o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos de vários quocientes de Ca/Mg sob estresse osmótico induzido por polietilenoglicol (PEG) no crescimento, absorção e translocação de Ca e Mg em Avena sativa L. As plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva suplementada com três diferentes quocientes molares de Ca/Mg (0,18, 2 e 4). Após 30 dias, as plantas foram expostas a duas concentrações diferentes de PEG (0,6 MPa e 0,2 MPa) por 8 dias, e as soluções foram renovadas após 4 dias. Uma solução contendo os nutrientes Ca e Mg mitigou o impacto negativo causado por estresse osmótico na taxa de crescimento relativo (RGR), taxa de crescimento absoluto (AGR), taxa de crescimento da cultura (CGR), razão de área foliar (LAR), razão de índice foliar (LAI), razão raiz-parte aérea (RSR), eficiência do uso da água (WUE) e taxa de assimilação líquida (NAR). Além disso, afetou negativamente os parâmetros de germinação, incluindo porcentagem final de emergência (FEP), tempo médio de germinação (MGT), índice de germinação de Timson (TGI), índice de taxa de germinação (GRI) e capacidade de campo percentual (%FC) de aveia (Avena sativa L.). O Mg e o Ca na parte aérea e raiz e o fator de translocação de Ca diminuíram com o aumento de Ca em solução, enquanto o fator de translocação de Mg aumentou com o aumento de Ca em solução nutritiva. Neste trabalho, são examinados os efeitos combinados de vários quocientes de Ca/Mg e estresse osmótico produzido por PEG em diferentes concentrações (0,6 MPa e 0,2 MPa) no crescimento e na absorção de elementos de Avena sativa L. Como resultado, o quociente de Ca/Mg pode combater naturalmente o estresse hídrico moderado experimentado pelas lavouras.

Abstract Drought is one of the most damaging abiotic stress that hinder plant growth and development. The present study aimed to determine the effects of various Ca/Mg quotients under polyethylene glycol (PEG)–induced osmotic stress on growth, uptake and translocation of Ca and Mg in Avena sativa (L). Plants were grown in nutrient solution supplemented with three different Ca/Mg molar quotients (0.18, 2, and 4). After 30 days plants were exposed to two different PEG (Polyethylene glycol) concentrations (0.6 MPa & 0.2 MPa) for 8 days, and solutions were renewed after 4 days. A solution containing Ca and Mg nutrients has mitigated the negative impact caused via osmotic stress on relative growth rate (RGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), Leaf index ratio (LAI), root-shoot ratio (RSR), water use efficiency (WUE) and net assimilation rate (NAR). In addition, it adversely affected germination parameters, including final emergence percentage (FEP), mean germination time (MGT), Timson germination Index (TGI), germination rate index (GRI) and percent field capacity (%FC), of oat (Avena sativa L.). Mg and Ca in shoot and root and Ca translocation factor decreased with increasing Ca in solution, while Mg translocation factor increased with increasing Ca in nutrient solution. In this work, the combined effects of various Ca/Mg quotients and osmotic stress produced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in different concentrations (0.6 MPa, 0.2 MPa) on the growth and element uptake of Avena sativa L. are examined. As a result, the Ca/Mg Quotient may naturally combat the moderate drought stress experienced by field crops.

Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado em Hayat Abad Industrial Estate, localizado em Peshawar, para avaliar os níveis de cádmio (Cd) que estavam presentes no solo, bem como nas partes da planta (raízes e brotos). Para avaliar o potencial de fitorremediação das plantas foram determinados diferentes fatores, ou seja, Fator de Bioconcentração (BCF), Fator de Translocação (TF) e Coeficiente de Bioacumulação. Essas plantas foram cultivadas em seus habitats nativos (BAC). Analisamos a concentração de cádmio do solo coletada em 50 locais diferentes, variando de 11,54 mg/Kg (o mais baixo) a 89,80 mg/Kg (o mais alto). A concentração máxima (89,80 mg/Kg) de cádmio foi encontrada em HIE-ST-16L Marble City e HIE-ST-7 Bryon Pharma (88,51 mg/Kg) enquanto sua concentração mínima (12,47 mg/Kg) foi detectada no solo do local (HIE-ST-14L Royal PVC Pipe) e (11,54 mg/Kg) no local (HIE-ST-11 Aries Pharma). A maioria das espécies de plantas mostrou um enorme potencial para abordagens baseadas em plantas, como fitoextração e fitorremediação. Eles também mostraram o potencial de fitoestabilização. Com base na concentração de cádmio, as plantas mais eficientes para fitoextração foram Cnicus benedictus, Parthenium hysterophorus, Verbesina encelioides, Conyza canadensis, Xanthium strumarium, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus viridis, Chenopodiastrum murale, Prosopis juliflora, Convolvulus arvensis, Stellaria media, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium dichotomum, Chrozophora tinctoria, Mirabilis jalapa, Medicago polymorpha, Lathyrus aphaca, Dalbergia sissoo, Melilotus indicus e Anagallis arvensis. Os metais pesados de cádmio no solo examinado foram efetivamente removidos por essas espécies de plantas. Cerastium dichotomum e Chenopodium murale foram relatados como eficazes na fitoestabilização do Cd com base nas concentrações de metais selecionados nas raízes e nos valores de BCFs, TFs e BACs.

Abstract The present study was carried out in Hayat Abad Industrial Estate located in Peshawar to assess the levels of cadmium (Cd) that were present in the soil as well as the plant parts (Roots and shoots). To evaluate the phytoremediation potential of the plants different factors i.e. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF), and Bioaccumulation Coefficient were determined. These plants were grown in their native habitats (BAC). We have analysed, cadmium concentration from soil which are collected from 50 different locations ranged from 11.54 mg/Kg (the lowest) to 89.80 mg/Kg (highest). The maximum concentration (89.80 mg/Kg) of cadmium was found in HIE-ST-16L Marble City and HIE-ST-7 Bryon Pharma (88.51 mg/Kg) while its minimum concentration (12.47 mg/Kg) were detected in the soil of Site (HIE-ST-14L Royal PVC Pipe) and (11.54 mg/Kg) at the site (HIE-ST-11 Aries Pharma). Most plant species showed huge potential for plant based approaches like phyto-extraction and phytoremediation. They also showed the potential for phyto-stabilization as well. Based on the concentration of cadmium the most efficient plants for phytoextraction were Cnicus benedictus, Parthenium hysterophorus, Verbesina encelioides, Conyza canadensis, Xanthium strumarium, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus viridis, Chenopodiastrum murale, Prosopis juliflora, Convolvulus arvensis, Stellaria media, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium dichotomum, Chrozophora tinctoria, Mirabilis jalapa, Medicago polymorpha, Lathyrus aphaca, Dalbergia sissoo, Melilotus indicus and Anagallis arvensis. The cadmium heavy metals in the examined soil were effectively removed by these plant species. Cerastium dichotomum, and Chenopodium murale were reported to be effective in phyto-stabilizing Cd based on concentrations of selected metals in roots and BCFs, TFs, and BACs values.

Abstract In this work, a corotational finite element formulation is suggested for spatial beams with geometrically nonlinear behavior subjected to static loads. We returned to the three successive rotation angle procedure, mainly the Tait-Bryan angles. By carefully defining the trigonometric rules for all rotation angles, the singularity problem, that had limited the use of these angles, is avoided. Three different types of coordinate systems are used: a fixed global coordinate system that stays fixed throughout the analysis, a fixed local coordinate system that is fixed and precisely attached to each element, and a corotational local frame for each element that moves and rotates together with the element throughout the analysis. The rigid body motion can easily be separated from the overall deformation since the deformation is always tiny relative to the corotational frame. An incremental-iterative method is used for the solution based upon the Newton-Raphson method. Different examples are solved to demonstrate the practicality, correctness, and accuracy of the proposed method. The solutions converge at a relatively quick rate. work loads procedure TaitBryan Tait Bryan angles problem avoided analysis incrementaliterative incremental iterative NewtonRaphson Newton Raphson practicality correctness rate

BACKGROUND: The clinical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit significant variation, ranging from asymptomatic cases to mortality resulting from severe pneumonia. Host genetics can partially explain this variation OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated possible associations between severity and outcome of COVID-19 and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2285666 in the ACE2 gene and SNP rs2070788 in the TMPRSS2 gene METHODS: The study included a sample of 100 consecutive adult patients admitted to the COVID-19 Isolation and Intensive Care Units of the Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig, Egypt from July 2021 to November 2021. For rs2285666, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was carried out. For rs2070788, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed RESULTS: For rs2285666, the GA genotype was the most frequent among female patients (39% [16/41]) and the A genotype was more prevalent among male patients (54.2% [32/59]). For rs2070788, the AA genotype was the most frequent among all patients (46% [46/100]). No rs2285666 or rs2070788 genotypes or allele frequencies had significant associations with either severity or outcomes of patients CONCLUSION: This study found no significant associations of COVID-19 severity or outcomes of patients with genotypes or allele frequencies of the rs2285666 SNP in the ACE2 gene or the rs2070788 SNP of the TMPRSS2 gene. The search for other genetic associations with COVID-19 infection is still required WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: The study reveals that host genetics explain the variation observed in the disease. Specific genetic variants can confer either increased susceptibility or resistance to the disease.

Resumo A administração pós-natal precoce de antibióticos tem sido associada a efeitos duradouros no desenvolvimento e comportamento do cérebro. Pesquisas conduzidas em animais livres de germes demonstraram que o impacto da colonização do microbioma na regulação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HPA) e nas vias neuroendócrinas é substancial, o que desempenha um papel crucial no gerenciamento do estresse. No entanto, ainda é incerto se a exposição a antibióticos em ratas mães (geração F0) antes do desmame está associada a mudanças neurocomportamentais em filhotes (geração F1) durante a idade adulta. Para investigar os efeitos, perturbamos a microbiota intestinal de ratas (geração F0) administrando cefixima (CEF), um antibiótico comumente usado para fins obstétricos, em doses clinicamente relevantes (1 mg/kg, 2,5 mg/kg ou 5 mg/kg). Comportamentos semelhantes à ansiedade em descendentes adultos foram avaliados por meio da utilização do labirinto em cruz elevado (EPM) e paradigma de campo aberto (OFP) após um intervalo de seis semanas a partir do nascimento (PND42). Após as avaliações comportamentais, os ratos foram sacrificados, e seus cérebros e sangue coletados para análise bioquímica. A concentração plasmática de corticosterona foi usada para avaliar a atividade do HPA, enquanto a reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa em tempo real (PCR) foi empregada para determinar os níveis de transcrição do receptor de glicocorticoide (GR) Nr3c1. Os descendentes de F1 que receberam antibióticos antes do desmame passaram menos tempo no braço aberto do EPM. As alterações foram acompanhadas por níveis aumentados de corticosterona na corrente sanguínea. O estudo da expressão gênica revelou diminuição nos níveis de transcrição do mRNA de Nr3c1. Esta pesquisa enfatiza os possíveis efeitos a longo prazo da exposição a antibióticos antes do desmame no desenvolvimento de ansiedade na prole na idade adulta. pósnatal pós natal cérebro hipotálamohipófiseadrenal hipotálamo hipófise adrenal HPA (HPA substancial estresse entanto geração F0 F adulta CEF, CEF , (CEF) obstétricos 1 ( mgkg mg kg 25 2 2, mg/kg. . mg/kg) EPM (EPM OFP (OFP PND42. PND42 PND (PND42) comportamentais sacrificados bioquímica PCR (PCR GR (GR Nr3c1 Nrc Nr c sanguínea (CEF PND4 (PND42 Nr3c (PND4 (PND

Abstract Early postnatal administration of antibiotics has been linked to lasting effects on brain development and behavior. Research conducted on animals that are free from germs has demonstrated that the impact of microbiome colonization on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neuroendocrine pathways is substantial, which play a crucial role in stress management. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain if the exposure to antibiotics in rat dams (F0-generation) before weaning is associated with neurobehavioral changes in rat offspring (F1-generation) during adulthood. In order to investigate the effects, we perturbed the intestinal microbiota of rat dams (F0 generation) by administering cefixime (CEF), an antibiotic commonly used for obstetric purposes, at clinically relevant doses (1 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg). Anxiety-like behaviors in adult offspring was evaluated through the utilization of elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field paradigm (OFP) following a six-week interval from birth (PND42). Subsequent to behavioral assessments, the rats were euthanized, and their brains and blood was collected for biochemical analysis. Plasma corticosterone concentration was used to assess HPA activity, whereas the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to determine the transcription levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) Nr3c1. The offspring of F1 that were administered antibiotics before being weaned spent less time in the EPM open arm. The alterations were accompanied by increased levels of corticosterone in the bloodstream. The gene expression study revealed a decrease in the levels of mRNA transcription of Nr3c1. This research emphasizes the possible long-term effects of antibiotic exposure before weaning on the development of anxiety in offspring upon adulthood. behavior hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA substantial management Nevertheless F0generation Fgeneration F0 generation F (F0-generation F1generation (F1-generation adulthood (F CEF, CEF , (CEF) purposes 1 ( mgkg mg kg 25 2 2. mg/kg. . mg/kg) Anxietylike Anxiety like (EPM OFP (OFP sixweek six week PND42. PND42 PND (PND42) assessments euthanized analysis activity realtime real PCR (PCR GR (GR Nr3c1 Nrc Nr c arm bloodstream longterm long term (CEF PND4 (PND42 Nr3c (PND4 (PND

Resumo As fraturas acetabulares podem ser acompanhadas por lesões de impacto articular, afetando os desfechos se não vistas ou tratadas de modo incompleto. A impactação marginal detectada em estudos de imagem pré- ou intraoperatórios deve ser reduzida anatomicamente usando a cabeça femoral como modelo e aumentando o defeito com enxerto ósseo, se necessário. A superfície articular do segmento impactado parece voltada para a frente durante a cirurgia, que é a descrição clássica de tais lesões. No relatório atual, descrevemos um padrão incomum de aparecimento de lesões de impacto marginal em dois pacientes, onde a superfície articular do fragmento impactado está voltado para a cavidade articular, sendo o inverso da descrição clássica, aludindo ao mecanismo provável de sua ocorrência, à técnica de redução e às consequências de ignorar tal lesão. Lesões de impacto marginal devem ser diagnosticadas e tratadas corretamente para preservar a congruência articular; no entanto, o cirurgião deve estar ciente da possibilidade de um padrão incomum de impacto marginal no qual o fragmento poderia ser revertido; manter esta possibilidade em mente facilitaria seu diagnóstico e manejo. incompleto pré ósseo necessário cirurgia atual pacientes ocorrência lesão entanto revertido manejo

Abstract Acetabular fractures could be accompanied by articular impaction injuries, affecting the outcomes if missed or treated less than optimally. Marginal impaction detected either in preoperative or intraoperatively imaging studies should be anatomically reduced using the femoral head as a template and augmenting the defect with bone graft if needed. The impacted segment articular surface looks enface during surgery, which is the classic description of such injuries. In the present report, we describe an unusual pattern of marginal impaction injuries appearance in two patients, in which the impacted fragment articular surface is facing toward the joint cavity, which is the reverse of the classic description, alluding to the probable mechanism of its occurrence, the technique for reduction, and the consequences of missing such injuries. Marginal impaction injuries should be diagnosed and treated correctly to preserve joint congruency; however, the surgeon should be aware of the possibility of an unusual pattern of marginal impaction in which the fragment could be reversed, and keeping this possibility in mind would make its diagnosis and management easier. optimally needed surgery report patients cavity occurrence reduction congruency however reversed easier

Resumo Objetivo Diversas modalidades têm sido sugeridas para o tratamento de fraturas em martelo; no entanto, o tratamento inadequado pode causar retardo de extensão, deformidade em pescoço de cisne ou artrite da articulação interfalangiana distal (AIFD). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os desfechos (funcionais, radiológicos e complicações) da redução aberta e fixação interna (RAFI) das fraturas em martelo com placas de gancho de baixo custo fabricadas com mini placas de titânio de baixo perfil. Métodos Série de casos prospectivos de 17 pacientes consecutivos (idade média de 32,3 anos) com fraturas em martelo (seis do tipo IB e 11 do tipo IIB de Wehbe). Onze (64,7%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A mão acometida era a dominante em todos os pacientes, com acometimento do dedo indicador em seis (35,3%), anelar em cinco (29,4%), mínimo em três (17,65%) e médio em três (17,65%) pacientes. O mesmo cirurgião de mão experiente realizou todas as cirurgias. Resultados O tempo operatório médio foi de 37,65 minutos. Após um acompanhamento médio de 10,94 meses (intervalo de 6 a 27), observou-se movimento médio da AIFD de 50º (intervalo de 20º a 70º), retardo de extensão em quatro (23,5%) pacientes e complicações em seis (35,29%) pacientes. De acordo com os critérios de Crawford, os desfechos foram excelentes em seis (35,3%), bons em sete (41,2%) e regulares em quatro (23,5%) pacientes. Conclusão A técnica da placa de gancho modificada para fixação de fraturas em martelo é benéfica e econômica, mas exigente; permite fixação estável e adequada para permitir a movimentação precoce da AIFD com desfechos funcionais aceitáveis. entanto AIFD. . (AIFD) funcionais, (funcionais RAFI (RAFI perfil 1 idade 323 32 3 32, anos Wehbe. Wehbe Wehbe) 64,7% 647 64 7 (64,7% masculino 35,3%, 353 35,3% , 35 (35,3%) 29,4%, 294 29,4% 29 4 (29,4%) 17,65% 1765 65 (17,65% cirurgias 3765 37 37,6 minutos 1094 10 94 10,9 intervalo 27, 27 27) observouse observou se º 70º, 70º 70º) 23,5% 235 23 5 (23,5% 35,29% 3529 (35,29% Crawford 41,2% 412 41 2 (41,2% econômica exigente aceitáveis (AIFD 64,7 (64,7 35,3 (35,3% 29,4 (29,4% 17,65 176 (17,65 376 37, 109 9 10, 23,5 (23,5 35,29 352 (35,29 41,2 (41,2 64, (64, 35, (35,3 29, (29,4 17,6 (17,6 23, (23, 35,2 (35,2 41, (41, (64 (35, (29, 17, (17, (23 (41 (6 (35 (29 (17 (2 (4 ( (3 (1

Abstract Objective Various modalities have been suggested to manage mallet fractures; however, inappropriate treatment can lead to extension lag, a swan neck deformity, or arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). The current study aimed to evaluate the results (functional, radiological, and complications) of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mallet fractures using low-cost hook plates fabricated from low-profile titanium mini plates. Methods A prospective case series of 17 consecutive patients (average age of 32.3 years) with mallet fractures (six were Wehbe Type IB and 11 were Wehbe Type MB). Eleven (64.7%) were males. The affected hand was dominant in all patients, and the affected digit was the index in 6 (35.3%), the ring in 5 (29.4%), the small in 3 (17.65%), and the middle in 3 (17.65%) patients. The same fellowship-trained hand surgeon performed all surgeries. Results The average operative time was 37.65 minutes. After an average follow-up of 10.94 months (range 6-27), the average DIPJ motion was 50º º (range 20º-70º), the extensor lag was noted in 4 (23.5%) patients, and complications were reported in 6 (35.29%) patients. According to Crawford criteria, 6 (35.3%) patients achieved excellent results, 7 (41.2%) achieved good results, and 4 (23.5%) achieved fair results. Conclusion The modified hook plate technique for fixation of mallet fractures is a beneficiai, economical, yet demanding technique that adequately provides stable fixation to allow early DIPJ motion with acceptable functional outcomes. however deformity DIPJ. . (DIPJ) functional, (functional radiological ORIF (ORIF lowcost low cost lowprofile profile 1 323 32 32. years six MB. MB MB) 64.7% 647 64 (64.7% males 35.3%, 353 35.3% , 35 29.4%, 294 29.4% 29 (29.4%) 17.65%, 1765 17.65% 65 (17.65% fellowshiptrained fellowship trained surgeries 3765 37 37.6 minutes followup follow up 1094 10 94 10.9 range 627, 627 27 6-27) 20º70º, 20º70º ºº 20º 70º 20º-70º) 23.5% 235 23 (23.5% 35.29% 3529 (35.29% criteria (35.3% 41.2% 412 41 2 (41.2% beneficiai economical outcomes (DIPJ 64.7 (64.7 35.3 29.4 (29.4% 176 17.65 (17.65 376 37. 109 9 10. 62 6-27 20º-70º 23.5 (23.5 35.29 352 (35.29 (35.3 41.2 (41.2 64. (64. 35. 29. (29.4 17.6 (17.6 6-2 23. (23. 35.2 (35.2 (35. 41. (41. (64 (29. 17. (17. 6- (23 (35 (41 (6 (29 (17 (2 (3 (4 ( (1

Abstract The insecticidal and repellent activities of methanolic extracts of Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae: Sapindales), Rhazya stricta Decne (Apocynaceae: Gentianales), Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk (Boraginales: Boraginaceae), Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae: Brassicales), and Moringa oleifera L. (Moringaceae: Brassicales) were investigated against the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Results demonstrated that all these plant extracts had variable toxicity against the beetle. The effectiveness of the tested plant extracts was shown by increasing the used concentrations. The methanolic extract from R. stricta performed the best and was able to cause 93.3% and 89.2% mortality for the adult and larval stage of O. surinamensis, respectively, at 500 ppm after six days of plant extract treatment. The tested extract of S. persica at 500 ppm caused 80.8% and 82.5% mortality on larvae and adults of O. surinamensis after six-day of treatment. On the other hand, repellent effects of extracts of R. stricta, S. persica, and .. chalepensis at 500 ppm were recorded, with higher values of 91.7%, 83.3%, and 78%, respectively, against the adults of O. surinamensis, which were under 500 ppm. These extracts especially from R. stricta, S. spinosa, and .. chalepensis could be useful to prevent damages and store grain production losses for O. surinamensis.

Resumen Se investigó la actividad insecticida y repelente de los extractos metanólicos de Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae: Sapindales), Rhazya stricta Decne (Apocynaceae: Gentianales), Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk (Boraginales: Boraginaceae), Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae: Brassicales) y Moringa oleifera L. (Moringaceae: Brassicales) contra el escarabajo de los cereales Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Los resultados demostraron que todos estos extractos vegetales tenían una toxicidad variable contra el escarabajo. La eficacia de los extractos ensayados se puso de manifiesto al aumentar las concentraciones utilizadas. El extracto de R. stricta fue el que mejor funcionó y fue capaz de causar una mortalidad del 93,3% y del 89,2% en el estado de adulto y de larva de O. surinamensis respectivamente a 500 ppm tras seis días de tratamiento. El extracto de S. persica a 500 ppm causó un 80,8% y un 82,5% de mortalidad en larvas y adultos de O. surinamensis respectivamente tras seis días de tratamiento. Por otra parte, se registraron efectos repelentes de los extractos de R. stricta, S. persica y R. chalepensis a 500 ppm, con valores superiores al 91,7%, 83,3% y 78% respectivamente contra los adultos de O. surinamensis, que estaban por debajo de 500 ppm. Estos extractos, especialmente los de R. stricta, S. spinosa y R. chalepensis, podrían ser útiles para prevenir los daños y las pérdidas de producción de grano almacenado de O. surinamensis.

As a result of the depletion of high-grade manganese reserves, it has become necessary to consider the exploitation of low-grade manganese ores. The main problem of low-grade manganese ore is the low Mn/Fe ratio, which makes it unfit for the production of manganese ferroalloys. In this work, a selective reduction technique was used for smelting low-manganese ore in the presence of coke and fluxing material in an electric submerged arc furnace to obtain a rich manganese slag and low-manganese pig iron. The product slag was blended with medium-manganese ore and smelted in an electric submerged arc furnace, in the presence of coke and the fluxing agent, to produce silicomanganese alloy. The influence of reducing agent ratio, charge basicity, and charge Mn/Si ratio on the smelting process was investigated. The optimum conditions were found to be a coke ratio of, 1.35, Mn/Si ratio of 2.0, and charge basicity of 2.5. The silicomanganese alloy produced under these conditions satisfies the specifications for Si16Mn63 and Si17Mn65. The experimental results were applied on a pilot scale, producing a silicomanganese alloy with a chemical composition close to that of the standard specifications.

SUMMARY: This study aims to evaluate the ability of resveratrol (RSV) antioxidant to attenuate the oxidative stress condition induced by secondhand exposure of cigarettes and waterpipe smoking using animal model. Forty-eight mice were divided equally into six different groups, and RSV was delivered to certain groups intraperitoneally with a dose of 25 mg/kg/day. The process of smoking exposure was performed using a specialized smoking machine. The experiment duration lasts for six consecutive weeks. Five µm sections of lung were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy, and 70 nm ultrathin sections of lung stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were prepared for transmission electron microscopy to observe the cellular ultrastructure. In lung, RSV reduced the deterioration and blebbing of bronchiole epithelium, reduced the inflammation, increased the surface area of alveolar sac, and reduced the thickening of alveolar walls. Also, blood vessels were less congested and less dilated with less diffusion of extravasated blood. Ultrastructural images illustrated that RSV protects the normal structure of alveolar septum, prevents DNA damage and alveolar degeneration, showed less degree of apical membrane blebbing and retained the uniform pattern of mitochondria. In conclusion, RSV has ameliorative effects against the oxidative stress condition induced by secondhand (side stream) exposure of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la capacidad del antioxidante resveratrol (RSV) para atenuar el estrés oxidativo inducido por la exposición de segunda mano a los cigarrillos y al tabaquismo en pipa de agua, utilizando un modelo animal. Se dividieron cuarenta y ocho ratones en seis grupos diferentes, y se administró RSV a ciertos grupos por vía intraperitoneal con una dosis de 25 mg / kg / día. El proceso de exposición al tabaquismo se realizó utilizando una máquina de fumar especializada. La duración del experimento fue de seis semanas consecutivas. Para realizar la microscopía óptica se tiñeron secciones de pulmón de cinco µm con hematoxilina y eosina, y se prepararon secciones ultrafinas de 70 nm de pulmón teñidas con acetato de uranilo y citrato de plomo para la microscopía electrónica de transmisión para observar la ultra estructura celular. En el pulmón, el RSV redujo el deterioro y la formación de ampollas del epitelio de los bronquiolos, redujo la inflamación, aumentó la superficie del saco alveolar y redujo el engrosamiento de las paredes alveolares. Además, los vasos sanguíneos se encontraron menos congestionados y menos dilatados y con menor difusión de sangre extravasada. Las imágenes ultraestructurales mostraron que el RSV protege la estructura normal del tabique alveolar, previene el daño del ADN y la degeneración alveolar, mostrando un menor grado de formación de ampollas en la membrana apical y además retuvo el patrón uniforme de las mitocondrias. En conclusión, el RSV tiene efectos de mejora contra el estrés oxidativo inducido por la exposición de segunda mano (corriente secundaria) al fumar cigarrillos y pipas de agua.

ABSTRACT Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a contagious viral disease of rabbits controlled by vaccination. The present study was aimed to diagnose rabbit hemorrhagic disease from 11 infected farms from Qalubia governorate during 2019 and to prepare homologous vaccine against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2. For this purpose, 11 liver samples were collected from suspected cases and subjected to detection and identification of circulating rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Ten samples were confirmed to be rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus using hemagglutination test, animal inoculation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of two isolates (R5&R6) revealed the presence of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (A/Qalubia/2019 and B/Qalubia/2019) under accession number MT07629 and MT067630 respectively. The inactivated rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus vaccines were prepared using Montanide ISA 206 oil or aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvants. Prepared vaccines were inoculated subcutaneously in susceptible rabbits and submitted to sterility, safety and potency tests. Obtained results showed that mean hemagglutination inhibition titer for aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine was 6,7.7,8.9 and 9.1 log2 while, Montanide vaccine reached to 6.7,8.7,9.2 and 9.5 log2 at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks post vaccination, respectively. Immunized rabbits with Montanide vaccine showed better protection reach to 70%, 90%, 100% and 100% when compared to aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine 60%, 70%, 90% and 90% at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks post vaccination respectively. It was concluded that newly emerged rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 was isolated from suspected cases. The two prepared vaccines were sterile, safe and potent. The oily adjuvanted rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 vaccine stimulated an earlier and higher humoral immune response than the aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvanted vaccine. This humoral immune response achieved significant level of protection.

RESUMEN La enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo es una enfermedad viral contagiosa de los conejos que se controla mediante vacunación. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo en 11 granjas infectadas de la provincia de Qalubia, durante 2019 y preparar una vacuna homóloga contra el virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2. Para este propósito, se recolectaron 11 muestras de hígado de casos sospechosos y se sometieron a detección e identificación de virus circulante de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo. Se confirmó que diez muestras eran positivas al virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo, utilizando para ello la prueba de hemaglutinación, inoculación en animales y Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa. La secuenciación y el análisis filogenético de dos aislamientos (R5 y R6) revelaron la presencia del virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2 (A/Qalubia/2019 y B/Qalubia/2019) con los números de acceso MT07629 y MT067630 respectivamente. Las vacunas inactivadas del virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo se prepararon usando adyuvantes de gel de hidróxido de aluminio o aceite Montanide ISA 206. Las vacunas preparadas se inocularon por vía subcutánea en conejos susceptibles y se sometieron a pruebas de esterilidad, seguridad y potencia. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el título medio de inhibición de la hemaglutinación para la vacuna en gel de hidróxido de aluminio fue de 6; 7,7; 8,9 y 9,1 log2, mientras que la vacuna de Montanide alcanzó 6,7; 8,7; 9,2 y 9,5 log2 en la 1ª, 2ª, 3ª y 4ª semanas después de la vacunación, respectivamente. Los conejos inmunizados con la vacuna Montanide tuvieron una mejor protección, alcanzándose niveles de 70%, 90%, 100% y 100% en comparación con la vacuna en gel de hidróxido de aluminio 60%, 70%, 90% y 90% en la 1ª, 2ª, 3ª y 4ª semanas después de la vacunación, respectivamente. Se concluyó que el virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2 de reciente aparición se aisló de los casos sospechosos. Las dos vacunas preparadas fueron estériles, seguras y potentes. La vacuna contra el virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2 con adyuvante oleoso estimuló una respuesta inmune humoral más temprana y mayor que la vacuna con adyuvante en gel de hidróxido de aluminio. Esta respuesta inmune humoral confirió un nivel significativo de protección.

INTRODUCTION: Wear of milling burs may affect the internal fit and surface roughness of the milled crown. AIM: To assess the wear of diamond and tungsten carbide (TC) burs from milling ceramic materials and the effect on internal fit and surface roughness. METHODS: Thirty crowns of each of the two materials were milled from the same standard preparation. Diamond burs were used for a feldspathic ceramic and TC burs for zirconia. Before and after the 10th, 20th and 30th milling, diamond particle loss was counted and cutting blade changes of the TC burs measured. Internal fit was measured using a silicone replica technique and surface roughness by 3D laser microscope. RESULTS: An average 26% loss of diamond particles occurred after 30 crowns, resulting in a 6% decrease in internal luting space and a 21% decrease in surface roughness. Wear of the TC burs resulted in a 13% decrease in the luting space, and a 16% increase in surface roughness. CONCLUSION: The wear of milling burs reduces the luting space, and the milling parameters must be adjusted to compensate for this. Surface roughness is affected by bur type: with diamond burs it decreased, and increased with TC burs.