ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to determine the influence of heat stress, using the temperature-humidity index (THI), on the production and quality of native sperm of bulls. The effect of heat stress on the quantity of semen (mL), density of ejaculate (number of spermatozoa, 106/mL), gross sperm motility (1-5), number of frozen doses, and motility after freezing was analysed in 1,017 sperm samples taken from 32 Holstein-Friesian bulls, in the 2017-2019 period, at the Centre for Reproduction and Embryo Transfer in Serbia. The lowest amount of ejaculate (4.18±1.95 mL) and the lowest density of ejaculate (1,189.19±668.23 × 106/mL) were recorded under conditions of very strong heat stress on the day of semen collection. The level of heat stress measured on the day of semen collection did not affect sperm gross motility, number of frozen doses, and motility after freezing. The level of heat stress at the beginning of spermatogenesis, measured 60 days before semen collection, did not affect the amount of ejaculate and motility of spermatozoa after freezing, but at very strong stress, the lowest density of ejaculate (1,170.34±680.27 × 106/mL) and gross motility of spermatozoa were found (2.91±0.96). The lowest number of doses per ejaculate was recorded in conditions of moderate heat stress (396.6±157.71). Bulls older than 36 months had the best results according to all tested parameters of native sperm production and quality. The year in which the bulls produced semen did not affect density of ejaculate and sperm motility. The season of semen collection did not significantly affect the production and quality of native sperm, due to the practice of exploiting only bulls with the best sperm quality during the summer. temperaturehumidity temperature humidity THI, THI , (THI) mL, mL (mL) 106/mL, 106mL 106/mL 106 15, 15 1 5 (1-5) 1017 017 1,01 3 HolsteinFriesian Holstein Friesian 20172019 2017 2019 2017-201 period Serbia 4.18±1.95 418195 4 18 95 (4.18±1.9 1,189.19±668.23 11891966823 189 19 668 23 (1,189.19±668.2 spermatogenesis 6 1,170.34±680.27 11703468027 170 34 680 27 (1,170.34±680.2 2.91±0.96. 291096 2.91±0.96 . 2 91 0 96 (2.91±0.96) 396.6±157.71. 396615771 396.6±157.71 396 157 71 (396.6±157.71) summer (THI (mL 10 (1-5 101 01 1,0 2017201 201 2017-20 4.18±1.9 41819 9 (4.18±1. 1,189.19±668.2 1189196682 66 (1,189.19±668. 1,170.34±680.2 1170346802 17 68 (1,170.34±680. 29109 2.91±0.9 (2.91±0.96 39661577 396.6±157.7 39 7 (396.6±157.71 (1- 1, 201720 20 2017-2 4.18±1. 4181 (4.18±1 1,189.19±668. 118919668 (1,189.19±668 1,170.34±680. 117034680 (1,170.34±680 2910 2.91±0. (2.91±0.9 3966157 396.6±157. (396.6±157.7 (1 20172 2017- 4.18±1 418 (4.18± 1,189.19±668 11891966 (1,189.19±66 1,170.34±680 11703468 (1,170.34±68 291 2.91±0 (2.91±0. 396615 396.6±157 (396.6±157. ( 4.18± 41 (4.18 1,189.19±66 1189196 (1,189.19±6 1,170.34±68 1170346 (1,170.34±6 29 2.91± (2.91±0 39661 396.6±15 (396.6±157 4.18 (4.1 1,189.19±6 118919 (1,189.19± 1,170.34±6 117034 (1,170.34± 2.91 (2.91± 3966 396.6±1 (396.6±15 4.1 (4. 1,189.19± 11891 (1,189.19 1,170.34± 11703 (1,170.34 2.9 (2.91 396.6± (396.6±1 4. (4 1,189.19 1189 (1,189.1 1,170.34 1170 (1,170.3 2. (2.9 396.6 (396.6± 1,189.1 118 (1,189. 1,170.3 117 (1,170. (2. 396. (396.6 1,189. 11 (1,189 1,170. (1,170 (2 (396. 1,189 (1,18 1,170 (1,17 (396 1,18 (1,1 1,17 (39 1,1 (1, (3

ABSTRACT Our objective was to compare performance and carcass characteristics of backgrounding steers grazing poor quality pasture, receiving energy or protein supplements during summer, and on subsequent finishing period. Sixty Hereford steers (14 months; 348±33 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 20 per treatment): control (non-supplemented) and supplemented at 0.8% BW with whole grain of corn (CS) or lupin bean (LS) (phase I; 77 days). Over the following 84 days, none of the steers had access to supplement (phase II). During phases I and II, steers grazed together endophyte-infected tall fescue. In the last phase (phase III; 176 days), and until slaughter, steers grazed lucerne and orchard grass and were supplemented at 0.8% BW with high-moisture sorghum grain. Data were evaluated as a complete block randomized design with three treatments. Intake of supplement in CS and LS groups was 1.9 and 2.4 kg DM/d, respectively. Steers supplemented with lupin showed an improvement in the supplement conversion efficiency (5.7:1 vs. 10.0:1). At the end of phase I, BW and average daily gain were different between groups (LS > CS > control). Final body weight in phase II was greater in supplemented steers than in control steers. At slaughter, supplemented groups had greater hot carcass weight than the control group. The advantage obtained by supplementing steers with lupin, compared with corn, was lost in the subsequent phases, as reflected by the absence of differences in carcass weight. Our data illustrate that in similar scenario, energy supplementation is adequate and there is not any extra benefit of adding protein by the use of lupins when considering cattle management and economic factors. pasture summer period 14 (1 months 34833 348 33 348±3 [BW] n 2 treatment treatment) nonsupplemented non (non-supplemented 08 0 8 0.8 (CS 7 days. days . days) II. II) endophyteinfected endophyte infected fescue III 17 , slaughter highmoisture high moisture 19 1 9 1. 24 4 2. DMd DM d DM/d respectively 5.71 571 5.7 5 (5.7: vs 10.01. 1001 10.0 10 10.0:1) control. control) group scenario factors ( 3483 34 3 348± [BW 0. 71 57 5. (5.7 01 10.01 100 10. 10.0:1 (5. 10.0: (5

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance and the nutritional metabolic condition of ewes supplemented at different stages of gestation in a synchronized reproduction system. Fourty Santa Inês × Dorper crossbreed ewes, pregnant with an average age of ten months and two previous births, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments: mineral salt, supplementation started 20 days before the estrus synchronization (ES) protocol, supplementation from confirmation of pregnancy (60 days after ES), and supplementation in the final third of gestation (90 days after ES). The adoption of supplementation strategies during the beginning, middle, or end of pregnancy changed the intake and digestibility of dry matter (g/day), with a reduction of 10.53 and 9.14%, respectively, for the mineral salt treatment, in addition to organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, ether extract, and total digestible nutrients, as well as protein, energy, and mineral profiles. There was no difference in the number of ovulations and reproductive and productive performance using supplementation alternatives. Supplementation strategies during the gestation stages influence the intake and digestibility of nutrients, as well as the animal metabolic profiles. However, it does not change reproductive and productive performance. system births design treatments 2 ES (ES protocol 60 (6 ES, , ES) 90 (9 ES. . beginning middle g/day, gday g/day g day (g/day) 1053 10 53 10.5 914 9 14 9.14% respectively treatment protein fiber nonfibrous non fibrous carbohydrates extract nutrients energy profiles alternatives However 6 ( (g/day 105 1 5 10. 91 9.14 9.1 9.

ABSTRACT The objective was to verify the existence of lineages in the Mangalarga Marchador breed using microsatellites and to phenotypically characterize the lineages found using linear morphometric measurements taken at the time the animals were registered to be used as a tool for selecting individuals according to each breeder’s selection objective. The genotyping database contained 255,257 Mangalarga Marchador horses born between 2005 and 2021. In addition, a database was used with pedigree information on 622,299 animals born between 1952 and 2020 and a database of phenotypes assessed at the time of definitive registration of these animals, containing 303,248 animals born between 1950 and 2018. The databases used came from the Associação Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador. To verify the existence of genetic differences according to the lineages of the breed, a discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and the Kruskall Wallis test were carried out to perform phenotypic characterization to compare the means of the morphometric measurements, both using the R software. The DAPC analysis showed the genetic differentiation of the Angaí and Herdade lineages in relation to the others. The Herdade lineage showed greater phenotypic differentiation when compared with the three separate genetic groups in this study, demonstrating that the animals of this lineage are smaller and more gathered and have higher scores for gait and morphology. When compared to the historically described Mangalarga Marchador lineages, the breed does not have so many genetic groups, separating it into just three groups (Angaí, Herdade, and General), and when compared to phenotypic characteristics, only the Herdade lineage stood out. breeders breeder s 255257 255 257 255,25 200 2021 addition 622299 622 299 622,29 195 202 303248 303 248 303,24 2018 (DAPC software others study morphology Angaí, (Angaí General, General , General) characteristics 25525 25 255,2 20 62229 62 29 622,2 19 30324 30 24 303,2 201 2552 2 255, 6222 6 622, 1 3032 3 303,

ABSTRACT This study investigated the occurrence of mycotoxins in wet brewers’ grains (WBG) treated with salt (sodium chloride) and the intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen use efficiency in lamb diets. Two experiments were conducted: first, WBG was distributed in plastic boxes and treated with no additive (control), sodium formate (3 g/kg of WBG), or three levels of salt—25, 30, and 35 g/kg of WBG. The WBG were stored at room temperature (17.7±4.6 ℃) for 27 days. In the second experiment, eight six-month-old male lambs were allotted to one of four total mixed ration (TMR) diets in a 4 × 4 double Latin square: 0, 10, 20, and 30% of WBG replacing corn silage and soybean meal. In the first experiment, the concentration of mycotoxins throughout the experiment was lower than the tolerance levels accepted by the European Community and Food and Drug Administration for animal feedstuffs. However, the control and sodium formate groups showed visual fungal development on the WBG surface from the sixth day and presented an unpleasant smell from day 12. In the salt treatments, fungal growth was observed on top of the WBG from day 12 and an unpleasant smell from day 15. Salt-treated WBG showed a lower pH than the control and sodium formate groups and decreased dry matter deterioration. In the second experiment, including up to 30% WBG in the TMR did not affect dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber intake or digestibility in lambs. However, the N digestibility and N use efficiency increased with WBG inclusion. These results suggest that salt can be used to increase the storage time of WBG up to 15 days and the inclusion of up to 30% WBG in TMR for lambs can improve N use efficiency without negatively affecting nutrient intake and digestibility. brewers (WBG chloride conducted control, , (control) 3 ( gkg g kg WBG, WBG) salt25, salt25 25, 25 salt—25 30 17.7±4.6 17746 17 7 6 (17.7±4. ℃ 2 sixmonthold six month old (TMR square 0 10 20 meal feedstuffs However treatments 1 Salttreated Salt deterioration (control salt2 salt—2 17.7±4. 1774 (17.7±4 salt— 17.7±4 177 (17.7± 17.7± (17.7 17.7 (17. 17. (17 (1