RESUMO: As aves e os produtos de origem aviária são fontes de contaminação predominantes de Salmonella enterica e importantes reservatórios de bactérias com resistência antimicrobiana. Objetivou-se identificar Salmonella com fenótipos de multirresistência a drogas (MDR), com a capacidade de formação de biofilmes e a presença de genes que codificam resistência antimicrobiana em isolados da cadeia de frangos de corte, do estado Maranhão, Brasil. Avaliaram-se 121 cepas de S. enterica de sorovares diferentes quanto ao teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos e destas, 26 cepas para detecção da capacidade de formar biofilmes e genes de resistência pela técnica de PCR. Foram encontradas resistência antimicrobiana em 95 (78,5%) dos isolados de Salmonella e 57 (47,1%) apresentaram fenótipos MDR. Os isolados apresentaram maior resistência aos princípios sulfonamida (58,7%), trimetoprim (48,8%), tetraciclina (45,4%), ácido nalidíxico (44,6%), amoxicilina e ampicilina (26,4%) e cefazolin (22,3%). Os sorovares Salmonella Schwarzengrund (n=21/61.7%), Albany (n=15/62.5%) e Enteritidis (n=4/44.5%) apresentaram os maiores índices de fenótipos MDR. A capacidade de formar biofilmes foi encontrada em 13 cepas avaliadas, consideradas fracamente produtoras. Nos sorovares S. Schwarzengrund, Albany, Enteritidis, Heidelberg e Typhimurium foram detectados os genes de resistência blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M2, blaSHV, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, dfrA12 e dfrA1. Os resultados evidenciaram a elevada ocorrência de fenótipos de S. enterica com resistência múltipla a antimicrobianos convencionais, com capacidade de formar biofilmes, na cadeia produtiva de aves destinadas ao consumo humano. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se MDR, MDR , (MDR) corte Maranhão Brasil Avaliaramse Avaliaram 12 S destas 2 PCR 9 78,5% 785 78 5 (78,5% 47,1% 471 47 1 (47,1% 58,7%, 587 58,7% 58 7 (58,7%) 48,8%, 488 48,8% 48 8 (48,8%) 45,4%, 454 45,4% 45 4 (45,4%) 44,6%, 446 44,6% 44 6 (44,6%) 26,4% 264 (26,4% 22,3%. 223 22,3% . 22 3 (22,3%) n=21/61.7%, n21617 n n=21/61.7% 21 61 (n=21/61.7%) n=15/62.5% n15625 15 62 (n=15/62.5% n=4/44.5% n4445 (n=4/44.5% avaliadas produtoras blaCTXM, blaCTXM blaCTX M, M blaCTX-M blaCTXM2, blaCTXM2 M2, M2 blaCTX-M2 blaSHV sul1 sul sul2 tetA tetB tetC tetE dfrA dfrA1 convencionais humano (MDR 78,5 (78,5 47,1 (47,1 58,7 (58,7% 48,8 (48,8% 45,4 (45,4% 44,6 (44,6% 26,4 (26,4 22,3 (22,3% n2161 n=21/61.7 (n=21/61.7% n=15/62.5 n1562 (n=15/62.5 n=4/44.5 n444 (n=4/44.5 78, (78, 47, (47, 58, (58,7 48, (48,8 45, (45,4 44, (44,6 26, (26, 22, (22,3 n216 n=21/61. (n=21/61.7 n=15/62. n156 (n=15/62. n=4/44. n44 (n=4/44. (78 (47 (58, (48, (45, (44, (26 (22, n21 n=21/61 (n=21/61. n=15/62 n15 (n=15/62 n=4/44 n4 (n=4/44 (7 (4 (58 (48 (45 (44 (2 (22 n2 n=21/6 (n=21/61 n=15/6 n1 (n=15/6 n=4/4 (n=4/4 ( (5 n=21/ (n=21/6 n=15/ (n=15/ n=4/ (n=4/ n=21 (n=21/ n=15 (n=15 n=4 (n=4 n=2 (n=21 n=1 (n=1 n= (n= (n=2 (n
ABSTRACT: Poultry and poultry products are considered the predominant sources of Salmonella enterica contamination and are important reservoirs of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to identify Salmonella with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, with the ability to form biofilms and elucidate the presence of genes that encode antimicrobial resistance in isolates from the broiler production chain in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. A total of 121 strains of S. enterica of different serovars were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, and of these, 26 strains were used to detect the ability to form biofilms and identify resistance genes using PCR. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 95 (78.5%) Salmonella isolates, and 57 (47.1%) showed MDR phenotype. The isolates showed greater resistance to the sulfonamide principles (58.7%), trimethoprim (48.8%), tetracycline (45.4%), nalidixic acid (44.6%), amoxicillin and ampicillin (26.4%), and cefazolin (22.3%). Salmonella Schwarzengrund (n=21/61.7%), Albany (n=15/62.5%), and Enteritidis (n=4/44.5%) showed the highest indices of MDR phenotype. The ability to form biofilms at 37°C was found in 13 of the 26 strains evaluated, which were considered poor producers. The resistance genes blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M2, blaSHV, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, dfrA12, and dfrA1 were observed in the serovars Schwarzengrund, Albany, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium. The results showed a high occurrence of S. enterica, with multiple resistance to conventional antimicrobials and the ability to form biofilms in the poultry production chain. ABSTRACT (MDR phenotype Maranhão Brazil 12 S susceptibility these 2 PCR 9 78.5% 785 78 5 (78.5% 47.1% 471 47 1 (47.1% 58.7%, 587 58.7% , 58 7 (58.7%) 48.8%, 488 48.8% 48 8 (48.8%) 45.4%, 454 45.4% 45 4 (45.4%) 44.6%, 446 44.6% 44 6 (44.6%) 26.4%, 264 26.4% (26.4%) 22.3%. 223 22.3% . 22 3 (22.3%) n=21/61.7%, n21617 n n=21/61.7% 21 61 (n=21/61.7%) n=15/62.5%, n15625 n=15/62.5% 15 62 (n=15/62.5%) n=4/44.5% n4445 (n=4/44.5% 37C C 37 producers blaCTXM, blaCTXM blaCTX M, M blaCTX-M blaCTXM2, blaCTXM2 M2, M2 blaCTX-M2 blaSHV sul1 sul sul2 tetA tetB tetC tetE dfrA12 dfrA Heidelberg Typhimurium 78.5 (78.5 47.1 (47.1 58.7 (58.7% 48.8 (48.8% 45.4 (45.4% 44.6 (44.6% 26.4 (26.4% 22.3 (22.3% n2161 n=21/61.7 (n=21/61.7% n1562 n=15/62.5 (n=15/62.5% n=4/44.5 n444 (n=4/44.5 78. (78. 47. (47. 58. (58.7 48. (48.8 45. (45.4 44. (44.6 26. (26.4 22. (22.3 n216 n=21/61. (n=21/61.7 n156 n=15/62. (n=15/62.5 n=4/44. n44 (n=4/44. (78 (47 (58. (48. (45. (44. (26. (22. n21 n=21/61 (n=21/61. n15 n=15/62 (n=15/62. n=4/44 n4 (n=4/44 (7 (4 (58 (48 (45 (44 (26 (22 n2 n=21/6 (n=21/61 n1 n=15/6 (n=15/62 n=4/4 (n=4/4 ( (5 (2 n=21/ (n=21/6 n=15/ (n=15/6 n=4/ (n=4/ n=21 (n=21/ n=15 (n=15/ n=4 (n=4 n=2 (n=21 n=1 (n=15 n= (n= (n=2 (n=1 (n