Abstract The distribution of amphibians is conditioned by historical factors and ecological drivers. Thus, Ecological Niche Models are important tools to provide information on the potential distribution of the species and determine where they will be requirements in future. Mainly, rare species or with restricted areas of occurrence, because this information are essential to understanding of their living area, microhabitat use, or natural history, serving as a basis for preservation actions. Xenohyla eugenioi is a poorly known species, restricted to transition areas of Caatinga and Atlantic Forest from Minas Gerais to Sergipe. This species exhibits little biological information available and few specimens housed in museums, which difficulty to plan conservation strategies. Here our aim was modeling the current and future distribution and discussing about conservation of Xenohyla eugenioi. We searched for occurrence records through literature and scientific collections data. For the future (2071-2100), we used ensemble models from three algorithms (CTA, GLM and ANN) to two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios). This species has approximately 650 km in straight line between the extreme localities, occurring mainly in bromeliads near to water bodies. The Ensemble method indicates the most suitable areas of occurrence were over ecotonal range between Caatinga and Atlantic Forest and our projections have showed suitable conditions to highlands (up to 1.000 m). However, in the future, is expected total erosion of the X. eugenioi populations, due climatic changes, which reinforce the caution to conservation of this poorly known species and necessity of studies about its ecology, natural history and distribution. Moreover, we hope that this work can contribute to the discovery of new records, characterizing the narrower niche space than this species may actually inhabit. drivers Thus Mainly area use actions Sergipe museums strategies data 20712100, 20712100 2071 2100 , (2071-2100) CTA, CTA (CTA ANN SSP370 SSP (SSP37 SSP58 scenarios. scenarios . scenarios) 65 localities bodies up 1000 1 000 1.00 m. m m) However X populations changes ecology Moreover inhabit 2071210 207 210 (2071-2100 SSP37 (SSP3 SSP5 6 100 00 1.0 207121 20 21 (2071-210 SSP3 (SSP 10 0 1. 20712 2 (2071-21 (2071-2 (2071- (2071 (207 (20 (2 (

Abstract Pinndorama dilatata sp. nov. is described based on specimens from Amazonas State, Brazil. The genus is firstly recorded from the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, and São Paulo and a distribution map is provided, including new records to P. dianae, P. guartela, P. melanocephala, P. ronurensis, and P. pitanga. The key to males is updated to include the new species and minor improvements. sp nov State Brazil Goiás Maranhão provided P dianae guartela melanocephala ronurensis pitanga improvements

Abstract Selymbria amazonensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Brazil. An illustrated taxonomic key for males and females is provided. We include distribution maps and comments on their morphology, geographical distribution, and life history. sp nov Brazil provided morphology history

Abstract CarrerapyrgotaAczél, 1956 is a Neotropical Diptera genus within Pyrgotidae. Currently, the genus comprise four species: C. miliariaAczél, 1956 (type species), C. personata (Lutz & Lima, 1918), C. aczeliMello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010, and C. bernardiiMello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships among Carrerapyrgota species, aiming to establish their monophyly as a genus. To achieve this, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on 22 external morphological characters of adults, emploing the principle of parsimony. Analyses using both equal and implied character weighting support the monophyly of the genus, based on the following apomorphies: absence of the postscutellum, R2+3 with spurious apical vein, lower calypter with a longitudinal row of bristles, and the presence of a posterior longitudinal groove on the female fore femur. The species C. aczeli, C. bernardii, and C. miliaria form a monophyletic group, supported by the synapomorphic condition of a spot on the forehead. Within this group, C. bernardii and C. miliaria are sister species, sharing the synapomorphic condition of a less sclerotized M vein, after dm-cu compared to the anterior region, as well as the homoplastic condition of a spot on the median occipital sclerite. This phylogenetic analysis reaffirms the synonymy proposed by Bernardi (1990), which treats AnapyrgotaSteyskal, 1967, as a junior synonym of Carrerapyrgota. The evolutionary relationship among the species of the genus is represented as (C. personata (C. aczeli (C. bernardii, C. miliaria))). Furthermore, this study includes an updated distributional map for the genus, featuring the first record of Pyrgotinae in the Andean region. CarrerapyrgotaAczél 195 Pyrgotidae Currently C miliariaAczél type , species) Lutz Lima 1918, 1918 1918) aczeliMello Rafael 2010 bernardiiMello 2 adults parsimony apomorphies postscutellum R23 R R2 3 R2+ vein bristles femur group forehead dmcu dm cu region sclerite 1990, 1990 (1990) AnapyrgotaSteyskal 1967 (C miliaria. . miliaria))) Furthermore 19 191 201 199 (1990 196 miliaria)) 1 20 (199 miliaria) (19 (1 (

Abstract We surveyed insect galls and their host plants in areas of Caatinga and Cerrado in the municipality of Rio de Contas, in the extreme south of the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia state), between 703 and 1,897 m altitude, in order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. The survey was conducted in eight locations, adopting the random walking methodology for sampling, four in Caatinga and four in Cerrado, covering distinct phytophysiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto, gallery forest, shrubby caatinga, riparian forest, and rocky field). Eighty-four different insect gall morphotypes were reported, 48 (57.14%) of them on 42 host species in Cerrado and 36 (42.86%) on 24 host species in Caatinga. Most galls occurred on leaves (48.72%) and were globoid (53.76%), glabrous (52.92%), isolated (55.44%), usually one-chambered (61.32%), and brown (25.2%). The gall-inducing insects identified belonged to Lepidoptera (n = 1), Thysanoptera (n = 1), Hemiptera (n = 2), and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) (n = 16). This was the first inventory of galls in the Chapada Diamantina, so all records are new for the region. We also recorded the first occurrences of galls on two Cerrado plant species and on two in the Caatinga. We found a significant positive correlation between gall richness and plant species richness, suggesting that radiation of gall-inducing insects may be associated with plant species richness. Contas Bahia state, state , state) 70 1897 1 897 1,89 altitude biodiversity locations sampling cerrado stricto forest caatinga field. field . field) Eightyfour Eighty reported 4 57.14% 5714 57 14 (57.14% 3 42.86% 4286 86 (42.86% 2 48.72% 4872 72 (48.72% 53.76%, 5376 53.76% 53 76 (53.76%) 52.92%, 5292 52.92% 52 92 (52.92%) 55.44%, 5544 55.44% 55 44 (55.44%) onechambered one chambered 61.32%, 6132 61.32% 61 32 (61.32%) 25.2%. 252 25.2% 25 (25.2%) gallinducing inducing n 1, 1) 2, 2) Cecidomyiidae (Cecidomyiidae 16. 16 16) region 7 189 89 1,8 57.14 571 5 (57.14 42.86 428 8 (42.86 48.72 487 (48.72 537 53.76 (53.76% 529 52.92 9 (52.92% 554 55.44 (55.44% 613 61.32 6 (61.32% 25.2 (25.2% 18 57.1 (57.1 42.8 (42.8 48.7 (48.7 53.7 (53.76 52.9 (52.92 55.4 (55.44 61.3 (61.32 25. (25.2 57. (57. 42. (42. 48. (48. 53. (53.7 52. (52.9 55. (55.4 61. (61.3 (25. (57 (42 (48 (53. (52. (55. (61. (25 (5 (4 (53 (52 (55 (61 (2 ( (6

Abstract Asphondylia braziliensis sp. nov., Asphondylia fluminensis sp. nov., Asphondylia marambaiensis sp. nov., Asphondylia varroniae sp. nov., and Asphondylia xerezi sp. nov., are described based on material from Brazilian restingas. The first species induces galls on Struthanthus acuminatus (Ruiz. & Pav.) Kuijt (Loranthaceae), the second on Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr (Erythroxylaceae), the third on Lantana fucata Lindl. (Verbenaceae), the fourth on Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Cordiaceae), and the fifth on Heliotropium sp. (Heliotropiaceae). One host plant, Erythroxylum ovalifolium, is endemic to the Atlantic forest. The other plant species are native to Brazil. Illustrations of relevant morphological characters are provided. The new species are compared with congeneric Neotropical species. Types are deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. sp nov nov. restingas Ruiz. Ruiz (Ruiz Pav. Pav Loranthaceae, Loranthaceae , (Loranthaceae) Erythroxylaceae, Erythroxylaceae (Erythroxylaceae) Lindl Verbenaceae, Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae) Jacq Cordiaceae, Cordiaceae (Cordiaceae) Heliotropiaceae. Heliotropiaceae . (Heliotropiaceae) forest Brazil provided Nacional Janeiro (Loranthaceae (Erythroxylaceae (Verbenaceae (Cordiaceae (Heliotropiaceae

Abstract In this paper, we treat three species of Neurostigma. For the first, N. roesleriNew, 1980 we provide illustrations of the holotype, a revised diagnosis, the female redescription, including the first description of the spermatheca and a distribution map of the species considering N. garcialdretei Mendivil Nieto, Gonzalez Obando & Carrejo Gironza, 2020 syn. nov. For the second species, N. enderleini New, we redescribe the male, describe and illustrate the unknown female, and provide a revised diagnosis and new records for the Brazilian states of Amapá and Rondônia. For the third species, N. xanthopterumNew, 1980, we include the first description and illustration of the spermatheca. paper Neurostigma N roesleriNew 198 holotype redescription Nieto Gironza 202 syn nov New male Rondônia xanthopterumNew 19 20 1 2

Abstract Argentina is the country with the second highest number of bee species in the Neotropics after Brazil. Fifteen new records of wild bees belonging to genera of the families Apidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, and Megachilidae are presented. Species of genera Callonychium Brèthes (Andrenidae), Gaesischia Michener, LaBerge & Moure, Melitoma Lepeletier & Serville, Trichocerapis Cockerell (Apidae), Hylaeus Fabricius (Colletidae), Habralictus Moure, Megalopta Smith, Neocorynura Schrottky, Pseudaugochlora Michener, Rhectomia Moure, Thectochlora Moure (Halictidae), and Bothranthidium Moure (Megachilidae) are recorded for the first time for Argentina. Whereas the genera Trichocerapis, Megalopta, Rhectomia, and Bothranthidium are cited for the first time in the country. Brazil Apidae Andrenidae Colletidae Halictidae presented , (Andrenidae) Michener Serville (Apidae) (Colletidae) Smith Schrottky (Halictidae) (Megachilidae (Andrenidae (Apidae (Colletidae (Halictidae

Abstract Centropomus undecimalis and Centropomus ensifurus are a species belonging to the family Centropomidae, which has an important role in estuarine ecosystem. The present study aimed at comparing the otoliths shape of juveniles both species collected in in the lower São Francisco River (10°28′34.02″S, 36°24′27.02″W). In the laboratory, 52 otoliths were extracted, photographed, measured and the contour was analyzed by the wavelet method. The otolith contours varied between species (n = 28 C. ensiferus and n = 24 C. undecimalis). The Linear Discriminant Analysis correctly reclassified 92.3% of all otoliths among species. MANOVA also evidenced significant differences in contour between species (F = 3.73; p < 0.0001). The results suggest that C. ensiferus is adapted to enviroments with higher turbidity and the C. undecimalis tends to colonize environments with lower turbidity and spends more time in the water column. Centropomidae ecosystem 10°28′34.02″S, 10283402S S 10 34 02 (10°28′34.02″S 36°24′27.02″W. 36242702W W 36°24′27.02″W . 36 27 36°24′27.02″W) laboratory 5 extracted photographed method 2 C undecimalis. undecimalis) 923 92 3 92.3 F 3.73 373 73 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 0 0001 0.0001) column 10°28′34.02″S 1 9 92. 3.7 37 7 0000 0.000 000 3. 0.00 00 0.0 0.

Abstract Brazilian veredas are hygrophilous communities with high species diversity, featuring many floristic studies but a still incipient number of faunistic studies. In the present study, we conducted an inventory of insect galls in four different veredas located in the Northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall, we found 75 gall morphotypes, distributed across 50 host species representing 37 plant genera and 22 families. Fabaceae was the plant family with the greatest number of insect gall morphotypes (n = 21), followed by Malpighiaceae (n = 10). The plant genera that supported the highest diversity of insect galls were Copaifera (n = 8) and Byrsomima (n = 5). The plant species Copaifera oblongifolia (n = 6) and Anacardium humile (n = 4) exhibited the highest richness of insect galls. The leaves were the most attacked organs (89% of all galls). Most morphotypes are glabrous (83%), green (69%) and lenticular (60%). The taxa of gall-inducing insects were identified for 46 morphotypes (80%), and were recorded inducers from the orders Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) was the most representative galling group, with 42 morphotypes, making up 93.3% of the recorded inducers. Among the sampled veredas areas, the Vereda do Peruaçu presented the highest richness of insect gall morphotypes and host plant species. The faunistic similarity was higher in the Pedras and Tiririca veredas, followed by Almescla and Peruaçu veredas. This is the first systematic inventory of insect galls and their host plant in Brazilian veredas. The diversity of insect galls in the studied veredas is relatively high when compared to other Brazilian Cerrado vegetation types. study Gerais Brazil Overall 7 5 3 2 families n 21, 21 , 21) 10. 10 . 10) 8 5. 5) 6 4 89% 89 (89 galls) 83%, 83 83% (83%) 69% 69 (69% 60%. 60 60% (60%) gallinducing inducing 80%, 80 80% (80%) Diptera Lepidoptera Hymenoptera (Diptera group 933 93 93.3 areas types 1 (8 (83% (69 (60% (80% 9 93. ( (83 (6 (60 (80

Abstract The members of the Calliphoridae family (Insecta: Diptera) have a meaningful impact on human and animal health, and they also have forensic significance. The objective of this work was to provide information to the health system (medical-veterinary) about the life cycle of Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by obtaining life tables that allow analysing its population fluctuations under various environmental conditions in the field and laboratory. For this aim, three replicates of each experience were generated, each consisting of full oviposition. Throughout all seasons of the year, the daily mortality of individuals, from eggs to adults, has been monitored in the field. This was contrasted with laboratory experiences using average seasonal climate data. Using the gathered information, life tables for both sexes were constructed. Most stages of development differed between the seasons investigated in the field and the laboratory, with Postfeeding Larvae and Pupa exhibiting a greater mortality. In all seasons, feeding larval mortality was extremely low. This study demonstrates that imago populations in nature are less abundant than those obtained by laboratory breeding. Despite this, the larvae are successful while eating, and this is the condition that has the biggest impact on the medical-veterinary environment. Insecta (Insecta Diptera significance medicalveterinary medical veterinary (medical-veterinary Walker (Walker (Diptera aim generated oviposition year individuals adults data constructed low breeding eating environment

Abstract Biological sound archives are a major source to investigate geographic variation in animal acoustic signals and their evolutionary drivers. The acoustic signals of anuran species with wide distribution ranges often vary geographically as a result of isolation by distance and climate amongst other factors. We examined whether the acoustic structure of call notes would vary geographically in lesser treefrogs Dendropsophus minutus using recordings from bioacoustics repositories. We also tested whether climate (mean annual temperature and annual precipitation) drive geographic variation in those signals. The acoustic distance was unrelated to geographic distance, suggesting that isolation by distance solely cannot explain geographic variation in call structure. Overall, lesser treefrogs uttered call notes with lower frequencies and bandwidths in the west of their range. In addition, frogs produced shorter call notes in hotter, wetter sites and narrow-bandwidth notes in hotter environments. We suggest that frogs produce more calls (not measured here) of shorter durations to maximize transmission and minimize the metabolic costs of calling at high air temperatures. We also suggest that hotter environments favor the propagation of lower-bandwidth calls. This study reinforces the feasibility and power of citizen science and acoustic data repositories for understanding the evolution of anuran acoustic signals. drivers factors mean precipitation Overall range addition narrowbandwidth narrow bandwidth not here temperatures lowerbandwidth

Abstract Macquart (1850) provided the original description of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (= Pangonia vulpes) based on a holotype male from Chile. His description is brief and lacks many morphological details. Therefore, herein we redescribe, in far greater detail, the holotype male of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (Macquart) and describe and illustrate, for the first time, the morphology of the male terminalia. 1850 (1850 = ( Chile details Therefore redescribe detail (Macquart illustrate time terminalia 185 (185 18 (18 1 (1

Abstract Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi is an important pest in the Semi-Arid region of Rio Grande do Norte and other states in Brazil, with Guava being its main host. Environment induced morphological changes in adult fruit flies can lead to mating incompatibilities among populations within a species. Furthermore, sexual isolation between these populations can be one of the first steps in the speciation process, as described to other tephritid fly species. Here, we compared several body measurements through analysis of variance and geometric morphometrics to assess significant morphological differences between sympatric flies from different hosts: Guava and Jua. We found significant differences in body size for both sexes of flies from the different fruit hosts, with flies from Guava being the larger. Different degrees of sexual size dimorphism of flies from each fruit has also been detected. Flies from different fruits also exhibited different wing shapes, even though the pattern of sexual shape dimorphism remained the same for both fruits. These results show the influence of the host fruits on adult fruit fly morphology, a phenomenon that must be considered when implementing pest control programs such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Further studies are needed to explore mating preference and genetic structure between these populations. SemiArid Semi Arid Brazil species Furthermore process Here hosts Jua larger detected shapes morphology SIT. SIT . (SIT) (SIT

Abstract Augochloropsis (Glyptochlora) Moure is a morphologically homogeneous and rare subgenus of Augochlorini, endemic to the Amazon Basin. So far, the subgenus was known only from females. Herein, we identified and studied the male of Augochloropsis (Glyptochlora) peruviana Celis & Melo. This specimen represents the first opportunity to document the male morphology of Augochloropsis (Glyptochlora). In addition to the description of the male, including genital capsule and metasomal sterna, we provide an updated diagnosis for A. (Glyptochlora). Glyptochlora (Glyptochlora Augochlorini Basin far females Herein Melo Glyptochlora. . sterna A